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Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

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Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-related Disorders

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 18))

Abstract

The role of stress in precipitating psychotic episodes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has long been acknowledged. However, the neurobiological mechanism/s of this association have remained elusive. Current neurodevelopmental models of psychosis implicate early dysfunction in biological systems regulating hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and immune function, with long-term effects on the development of the brain networks responsible for higher order cognitive processes and stress reactivity in later life. There is also increasing evidence of childhood trauma in psychosis, and its impact on the development of brain systems regulating stress. These findings are emerging in the context of a new era of epigenetic methods facilitating the study of environmental effects on gene expression. The evidence is thus converging: exposure to stress at critical periods in life may be an important factor in the development of the brain dysfunction that represents psychosis vulnerability, rather than merely interacting with an independent ‘biological vulnerability’ to manifest in psychosis.

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Acknowledgments

MJG was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT0991511), the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, APP1061875; APP630471) during the preparation of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia

    Melissa J. Green, Leah Girshkin & Nina Teroganova

  2. Schizophrenia Research Institute, Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia

    Melissa J. Green, Leah Girshkin & Yann Quidé

  3. Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia

    Melissa J. Green

  4. Research Unit for Schizophrenia Epidemiology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, O’Brien Centre, Level 4, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2031, Australia

    Melissa J. Green

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  1. Melissa J. Green
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  2. Leah Girshkin
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  3. Nina Teroganova
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  4. Yann Quidé
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Correspondence to Melissa J. Green .

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  1. Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Kings College London, London, United Kingdom

    Carmine M. Pariante

  2. Family and Community Health Systems, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    M. Danet Lapiz-Bluhm

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Green, M.J., Girshkin, L., Teroganova, N., Quidé, Y. (2014). Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. In: Pariante, C., Lapiz-Bluhm, M. (eds) Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-related Disorders. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2014_290

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