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Tract-Tracing in Developing Systems and in Postmortem Human Material Using Carbocyanine Dyes

  • Chapter
Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing 3

Abstract

Rapid progress in neurobiology and genetics demands knowledge of fundamental aspects of brain development including the connectivity patterns within developing and adult brains. The primary focus of this chapter is on neuroanatomical tract-tracing using carbocyanine dyes which have several advantages over traditional tracing methods. First utilized for in vitro studies, a major breakthrough in the late 1980s was the demonstration that carbocyanine dyes act as anterograde and retrograde tracers in fixed tissue, eliminating the need for diffusion of tracers in vivo. Moreover, carbocyanine dyes are more efficacious than classical tracing methodologies especially during early stages of development, and consequently have been used to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of axonal development in different species. Furthermore, the unique properties of the carbocyanine dye tracing method have opened up new avenues for tracing connections in human postmortem specimens. This is a key step in determining the precise connectivity of neural circuits in the human brain, and subsequently to relate this knowledge to pathological cases.

The success of carbocyanine dyes as tracers, both in vitro and in fixed material, is reflected in the flurry of publications throughout the 1990s and into the present. However, there are relatively few systematic studies that have tested parameters to optimize their use or to give practical advice to enhance their efficacy. This chapter aims to bring together some of our experiences with the carbocyanine dye tracing method drawn from our studies in mammalian, reptilian, and human and nonhuman primate specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK

    Zoltán Molnár, Daniel Blakey & Rosalind S. E. Carney

  2. University Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK

    Irina Bystron

  3. Department of Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlova, St Petersburg, 197376, Russia

    Irina Bystron

  4. Department of Neuroscience, Research Building EP08, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20057, USA

    Rosalind S. E. Carney

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  1. Zoltán Molnár
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  2. Daniel Blakey
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA

    Laszlo Zaborszky

  2. Department of Anatomy, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Floris G. Wouterlood

  3. Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    José Luis Lanciego

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Molnár, Z., Blakey, D., Bystron, I., Carney, R.S.E. (2006). Tract-Tracing in Developing Systems and in Postmortem Human Material Using Carbocyanine Dyes. In: Zaborszky, L., Wouterlood, F.G., Lanciego, J.L. (eds) Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing 3. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28942-9_12

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