Adjustment to Chronic Illness in Girls

A chronic illness is “one that lasts for a substantial period of time or has sequelae that are debilitating for a long period of time” (Perrin, 1985, p. 2). Epidemiological studies estimate that 10–20% of children and adolescents suffer from one or more chronic illnesses (Gortmaker & Sappenfield, 1984; Hobbs, Perrin, & Ireys, 1985). Recent medical advances in technology have drastically improved neonatal survival rates and reduced the risks of lifethreatening complications of chronic illness (Elander & Midence, 1997). As a result of such advances, life expectancy among children and adolescents with more severe conditions is increasing. Thus, a current, prominent theme of child health research is enhancing the adaptation of children and their families to the stress associated with chronic disease conditions (Thompson & Gustafson, 1996).