Studying Interpersonal Factors in Suicide: Perspectives from Depression Research

Conclusions

In this chapter we have attempted to outline ways in which research on interpersonal factors in suicide can advance. Using the literature on interpersonal factors in depression as a model, we have described four topics that have implications for studying interpersonal factors in suicide. We have suggested that suicide research will advance if researchers use more precise and rigorous approaches to the measurement of interpersonal variables, particularly interpersonal stress, account for the existence of comorbidity and its effects on suicide risk, and utilize a developmental conceptualization to understand the origins and course of suicidal ideation and behavior over time. Although each topic addresses specific issues in the study of interpersonal factors, many of our recommendations cut across topics. Specifically, our main methodological recommendation is the use of prospective, longitudinal designs to study the course of suicide risk over time and to identify interpersonal precursors, correlates, and consequences of suicidal ideation and behavior. In addition, we have called for an examination of the actual interpersonal circumstances of suicidal people’s lives in order to best understand their interpersonal context. As for theoretical recommendations, we propose taking a perspective that considers how the suicidal person both reacts to and contributes to their interpersonal context. To date, research has focused almost exclusively on suicidal reactions to interpersonal circumstances. Consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective and a stress generation perspective, we suggest that the best understanding of the role of interpersonal factors in suicide will come from knowing not only what types of interpersonal factors can lead to suicide, but how people at risk for suicidal ideation and behavior shape their interpersonal worlds.