Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 3/2018

19-10-2017 | Empirical Research

Challenging Conventions of Bullying Thresholds: Exploring Differences between Low and High Levels of Bully-Only, Victim-Only, and Bully-Victim Roles

Auteurs: Jeremy T. Goldbach, Paul R. Sterzing, Marla J. Stuart

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 3/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Using a commonly accepted threshold of 2 to 3 times per month as a marker of bullying-involvement from noninvolvement, approximately 30% of U.S. students report being a bully, victim, or both. Although variation in the frequency of involvement exists, infrequent engagement (less than 2 to 3 times a month) is generally considered noninvolved. However, the question remains: Do these differences have implications for behavioral health patterns, including substance use, depression and school connectedness? The present study used a district-wide random cluster sample of 66 middle and high schools in a mid-size city. The study population consisted of 3,221 middle school (53.4%) and high school (45.6%) students, with 48.7% females, 44.6 males, and 6.7% youth identifying with another gender category. These youth were racially diverse, with the modal category being Black (36.0%). Based on student survey response, we report, (a) the frequency and intensity of bullying behaviors, (b) common patterns of involvement, and (c) demographic and individual-level risk factors associated with these patterns. Analyses resulted in nine bully types, with substantial differences in bullying-involvement intensity based on gender, race, school connectedness, and mental health. Perhaps most striking, the majority of youth (70.9%) were involved in some level of bullying perpetration, victimization, or both, when accounting for the accumulation of low frequency involvement (e.g., once, twice, or a few times) across multiple bullying behaviors. Implications for adolescent development and prevention are described.
Literatuur
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2000). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 1999. Atlanta, GA: Author. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2000). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 1999. Atlanta, GA: Author.
go back to reference Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Bullying among middle school and high school students — Massachusetts, 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(15), 465–471. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Bullying among middle school and high school students — Massachusetts, 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(15), 465–471.
go back to reference Compas, B. E., Champion, J. E., Forehand, R., Cole, D. A., Reeslund, K. L., & Fear, J., et al. (2010). Coping and parenting: Mediators of 12-month outcomes of a family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention with families of depressed parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(5), 623–634. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020459.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Compas, B. E., Champion, J. E., Forehand, R., Cole, D. A., Reeslund, K. L., & Fear, J., et al. (2010). Coping and parenting: Mediators of 12-month outcomes of a family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention with families of depressed parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(5), 623–634. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​a0020459.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1987). Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1146. Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1987). Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1146.
go back to reference Greenwald, G. (2014). No place to hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. surveillance state.. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books. Greenwald, G. (2014). No place to hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. surveillance state.. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books.
go back to reference Jackman, S. (2015). pscl: Classes and methods for R developed in the Political Science ComputationalLaboratory, Stanford University. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Department of Political Science. Jackman, S. (2015). pscl: Classes and methods for R developed in the Political Science ComputationalLaboratory, Stanford University. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Department of Political Science.
go back to reference Kann, L., O’Malley Olsen, E., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., & Flint, K. K., et al. (2016). Sexual identity, sex of sexual contacts, and health-related behaviors among students in grades 9–12 — United States and selected sites, 2015. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 65(9), 1–202. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6509a1.CrossRef Kann, L., O’Malley Olsen, E., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., & Flint, K. K., et al. (2016). Sexual identity, sex of sexual contacts, and health-related behaviors among students in grades 9–12 — United States and selected sites, 2015. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 65(9), 1–202. https://​doi.​org/​10.​15585/​mmwr.​ss6509a1.CrossRef
go back to reference Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2008). Peer victimization, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38, 166–180.CrossRefPubMed Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2008). Peer victimization, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38, 166–180.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Palmer, N. A., & Boesen, M. J. (2014). The 2013 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN. Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Palmer, N. A., & Boesen, M. J. (2014). The 2013 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN.
go back to reference Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Coping and adaptation. In W. D. Gentry (Ed.), The handbook of behavioral medicine (pp. 282–325). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Coping and adaptation. In W. D. Gentry (Ed.), The handbook of behavioral medicine (pp. 282–325). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference McFadden, D. (1978). Quantitative methods for analysing travel behaviour of individuals: Some recent developments. In D. A. Hensher & P. R. Stopher (Eds.), Behavioural travel modelling (pp. 279–318). London: Croom Helm. McFadden, D. (1978). Quantitative methods for analysing travel behaviour of individuals: Some recent developments. In D. A. Hensher & P. R. Stopher (Eds.), Behavioural travel modelling (pp. 279–318). London: Croom Helm.
go back to reference Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
go back to reference Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Counteracting bullying in Finland: The KiVa program and its effects on different forms of being bullied. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 165025411407457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025411407457 Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Counteracting bullying in Finland: The KiVa program and its effects on different forms of being bullied. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 165025411407457. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​0165025411407457​
go back to reference Sterzing, P. R., Auslander, W. F., & Goldbach, J. T. (2014). An exploratory study of bullying involvement for sexual minority youth: Bully-only, victim-only, and bully-victim roles. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 5, 321–337. https://doi.org/10.1086/677903.CrossRef Sterzing, P. R., Auslander, W. F., & Goldbach, J. T. (2014). An exploratory study of bullying involvement for sexual minority youth: Bully-only, victim-only, and bully-victim roles. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 5, 321–337. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1086/​677903.CrossRef
go back to reference Sterzing, P. R., Auslander, W. F., Ratliff, G. A., Gerke, D. R., Edmond, T., & Jonson-Reid, M. (2017a). Exploring bullying perpetration and victimization among adolescent girls in the child welfare system: Bully-only, victim-only, bully-victim, and noninvolved roles. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0886260517696864 Sterzing, P. R., Auslander, W. F., Ratliff, G. A., Gerke, D. R., Edmond, T., & Jonson-Reid, M. (2017a). Exploring bullying perpetration and victimization among adolescent girls in the child welfare system: Bully-only, victim-only, bully-victim, and noninvolved roles. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/0886260517696864
go back to reference Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2004). Communities That Care Youth Survey. Rockville, MD: Author. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2004). Communities That Care Youth Survey. Rockville, MD: Author.
go back to reference Sue, D. W. (2010). Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation.. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Sue, D. W. (2010). Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation.. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
go back to reference Tabatchnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Tabatchnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
go back to reference Terr, L. (1990). Too scared to cry: How trauma affects children … and ultimately us all.. New York, NY: Basic Books. Terr, L. (1990). Too scared to cry: How trauma affects children … and ultimately us all.. New York, NY: Basic Books.
go back to reference Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information.. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information.. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.
go back to reference van der Kolk, B. A. (1989). The compulsion to repeat the trauma: Re-enactment, revictimization, and masochism. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 389–411.PubMed van der Kolk, B. A. (1989). The compulsion to repeat the trauma: Re-enactment, revictimization, and masochism. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12, 389–411.PubMed
go back to reference Venables, W. N., & Ripley, B. D. (2002). Modern applied statistics with S. 4th ed New York, NY: Springer.CrossRef Venables, W. N., & Ripley, B. D. (2002). Modern applied statistics with S. 4th ed New York, NY: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference WestEd. (2015). California Healthy Kids Survey. San Francisco, CA: Author. WestEd. (2015). California Healthy Kids Survey. San Francisco, CA: Author.
go back to reference Wickham, H. (2007). Reshaping data with the reshape package. Journal of Statistical Software, 21, 12.CrossRef Wickham, H. (2007). Reshaping data with the reshape package. Journal of Statistical Software, 21, 12.CrossRef
go back to reference Wickham, H. (2009). ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRef Wickham, H. (2009). ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Challenging Conventions of Bullying Thresholds: Exploring Differences between Low and High Levels of Bully-Only, Victim-Only, and Bully-Victim Roles
Auteurs
Jeremy T. Goldbach
Paul R. Sterzing
Marla J. Stuart
Publicatiedatum
19-10-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0775-4

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2018

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 3/2018 Naar de uitgave