Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Netherlands Heart Journal 7-8/2012

01-08-2012 | Review Article

Cardiovascular risk management of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands: from unifactorial to multifactorial approach

Auteurs: I. van Dis, J. M. Geleijnse, W. M. M. Verschuren, D. Kromhout

Gepubliceerd in: Netherlands Heart Journal | Uitgave 7-8/2012

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

About 30 years ago, the first Dutch unifactorial guidelines on hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were developed. These guidelines have been revised several times, often after publication of landmark studies on new generations of drugs. In 1978, cut-off points for pharmacological treatment of hypertension were based on diastolic blood pressure values ≥115 mmHg, and in 2000 they were lowered to >100 mmHg. From 1997 onwards, cut-off points for systolic blood pressure values >180 mmHg were introduced, which became leading. In 1987, cut-offs for hypercholesterolaemia of ≥8 mmol/l were set and from 2006 pharmacological treatment was based on a total/HDL cholesterol ratio >8. Around 2000, treatment decisions for hypertension and/or hypercholesterolaemia were no longer based on high levels of individual risk factors, but on a multifactorial approach based on total risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), determined by a risk function. In the 2006 multidisciplinary guideline on cardiovascular risk management, the Framingham risk tables were replaced by European SCORE risk charts. A cut-off point of 10% CVD mortality was set in the Netherlands. In 2011, this cut-off point changed to 20% fatal plus nonfatal CVD risk. Nowadays, ‘the lower the risk factors, the lower the absolute risk’ is the leading paradigm in CVD prevention.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Interim advice on hypertension. Health Council, The Hague, 1978/18. Interim advice on hypertension. Health Council, The Hague, 1978/18.
2.
go back to reference Advice on hypertension. Health Council, The Hague, 1983/2. Advice on hypertension. Health Council, The Hague, 1983/2.
3.
go back to reference Cholesterol. Health Council, The Hague, 1990/1. Cholesterol. Health Council, The Hague, 1990/1.
4.
go back to reference Consensus diagnostics and treatment of hypertension. Hart Bulletin 1990;21:142–210. Consensus diagnostics and treatment of hypertension. Hart Bulletin 1990;21:142–210.
5.
go back to reference Cholesterol consensus. Hart Bulletin supplement 1987;1:3–64. Cholesterol consensus. Hart Bulletin supplement 1987;1:3–64.
6.
go back to reference van Binsbergen JJ, Grundmeyer HGLM, van den Hoogen JPH, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension. Huisarts Wet. 1991;34:389–95. van Binsbergen JJ, Grundmeyer HGLM, van den Hoogen JPH, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension. Huisarts Wet. 1991;34:389–95.
7.
go back to reference van Binsbergen JJ, Brouwer A, van Drenth BB, et al. NHG-Guideline on cholesterol. Hart Bulletin supplement. 1992;23:27–35. van Binsbergen JJ, Brouwer A, van Drenth BB, et al. NHG-Guideline on cholesterol. Hart Bulletin supplement. 1992;23:27–35.
8.
go back to reference Multidisciplinary guideline on cardiovascular risk management. CBO/NHG, Utrecht 2006. Multidisciplinary guideline on cardiovascular risk management. CBO/NHG, Utrecht 2006.
9.
go back to reference Smulders YM, Burgers JS, Scheltens T, et al. Clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular risk management in the Netherlands. Neth J Med. 2008;66:169–74.PubMed Smulders YM, Burgers JS, Scheltens T, et al. Clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular risk management in the Netherlands. Neth J Med. 2008;66:169–74.PubMed
10.
go back to reference NHG-Guideline on cardiovascular risk management (M84). nhg.artsennet.nl. 2006. NHG-Guideline on cardiovascular risk management (M84). nhg.artsennet.nl. 2006.
11.
go back to reference Walma EP, Grundmeyer HGLM, Thomas S, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension M17 (first revision). Huisarts Wet. 1997;40:598–617. Walma EP, Grundmeyer HGLM, Thomas S, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension M17 (first revision). Huisarts Wet. 1997;40:598–617.
12.
go back to reference Walma EP, Grundmeijer HGLM, Thomas S, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension (second revision 1999). In: Geijer RMM, Burgers JS, van der Laan JR, Wiersma T, Rosmalen DFH, Thomas S, editors. NHG-Guidelines for general practitioners part I. Maarssen: Elsevier/Bunge; 1999. Walma EP, Grundmeijer HGLM, Thomas S, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension (second revision 1999). In: Geijer RMM, Burgers JS, van der Laan JR, Wiersma T, Rosmalen DFH, Thomas S, editors. NHG-Guidelines for general practitioners part I. Maarssen: Elsevier/Bunge; 1999.
13.
go back to reference Revision of guideline high blood pressure. CBO/NHF, Utrecht/The Hague, 2000. Revision of guideline high blood pressure. CBO/NHF, Utrecht/The Hague, 2000.
14.
go back to reference Walma EP, Thomas S, Prins A, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension (M17) (third revision). Huisarts Wet. 2003;46:435–49. Walma EP, Thomas S, Prins A, et al. NHG-Guideline on hypertension (M17) (third revision). Huisarts Wet. 2003;46:435–49.
15.
go back to reference Revision consensus cholesterol. Hart Bulletin supplement 1992;23:2–26. Revision consensus cholesterol. Hart Bulletin supplement 1992;23:2–26.
16.
go back to reference Consensus cholesterol, second revision. Hart Bulletin 1998;29:112–131. Consensus cholesterol, second revision. Hart Bulletin 1998;29:112–131.
17.
go back to reference Thomas S, van der Weijden T, van Drenth BB, et al. NHG-Guideline on cholesterol M20 (first revision). Huisarts Wet. 1999;42:406–17. Thomas S, van der Weijden T, van Drenth BB, et al. NHG-Guideline on cholesterol M20 (first revision). Huisarts Wet. 1999;42:406–17.
18.
go back to reference Cholesterol lowering therapy. Health Council, The Hague, 2000/17. Cholesterol lowering therapy. Health Council, The Hague, 2000/17.
19.
go back to reference Multidisciplinary guideline on cardiovascular risk management (revision). NHG, Utrecht, 2011. Multidisciplinary guideline on cardiovascular risk management (revision). NHG, Utrecht, 2011.
20.
go back to reference Hypertension detection and follow-up program cooperative group. Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. JAMA 1979;242:2562–77. Hypertension detection and follow-up program cooperative group. Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. JAMA 1979;242:2562–77.
21.
go back to reference Report by the management committee. The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1980;i:1261–7. Report by the management committee. The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet 1980;i:1261–7.
22.
go back to reference Treating mild hypertension:agreement from the large trials. Report of the British Hypertension Society working party. BMJ 1989;298:694–8. Treating mild hypertension:agreement from the large trials. Report of the British Hypertension Society working party. BMJ 1989;298:694–8.
23.
go back to reference MacMahon S, Rodgers A. The effects of blood pressure reduction in older patients: an overview of five randomized controlled trials in elderly hypertensives. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1993;15:967–78.PubMedCrossRef MacMahon S, Rodgers A. The effects of blood pressure reduction in older patients: an overview of five randomized controlled trials in elderly hypertensives. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1993;15:967–78.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Mulrow CD, Cornell JA, Herrera CR, et al. Hypertension in the elderly. Implications and generalizability of randomized trials (review). JAMA. 1994;272:1932–8.PubMedCrossRef Mulrow CD, Cornell JA, Herrera CR, et al. Hypertension in the elderly. Implications and generalizability of randomized trials (review). JAMA. 1994;272:1932–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Chalmers J, MacMahon S, Mancia G, et al. World Health organization-international society of hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines sub-committee of the world health organization. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1999;21:1009–60.PubMedCrossRef Chalmers J, MacMahon S, Mancia G, et al. World Health organization-international society of hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines sub-committee of the world health organization. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1999;21:1009–60.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM, et al. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation. 1991;83:356–62.PubMedCrossRef Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM, et al. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation. 1991;83:356–62.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. JAMA 2002;288:2981–97. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. JAMA 2002;288:2981–97.
28.
go back to reference Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 1986;256:2823–8.PubMedCrossRef Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 1986;256:2823–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984;251:351–64. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1984;251:351–64.
30.
go back to reference Jukema JW, Bruschke A, van Boven AJ, et al. Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS). Circulation. 1995;91:2528–40.PubMedCrossRef Jukema JW, Bruschke A, van Boven AJ, et al. Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS). Circulation. 1995;91:2528–40.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383–9. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383–9.
32.
go back to reference Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301–7.PubMedCrossRef Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301–7.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Sacks FM, Pastemak RC, Gibson CM, et al. Effect on coronary atherosclerosis of decrease in plasma cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolaemic patients. Lancet. 1994;344:1182–6.PubMedCrossRef Sacks FM, Pastemak RC, Gibson CM, et al. Effect on coronary atherosclerosis of decrease in plasma cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolaemic patients. Lancet. 1994;344:1182–6.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Pyörälä K, De Backer G, Graham I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J. 1994;15:1300–31.PubMed Pyörälä K, De Backer G, Graham I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J. 1994;15:1300–31.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Wood D, De Backer G, Faergeman O, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the second joint task force of european and other societies on coronary prevention. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:1434–503.CrossRef Wood D, De Backer G, Faergeman O, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the second joint task force of european and other societies on coronary prevention. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:1434–503.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1149–58.PubMedCrossRef Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1149–58.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:987–1003.PubMedCrossRef Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:987–1003.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third joint task force of European and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2003;10:S1–10.PubMedCrossRef De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third joint task force of European and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2003;10:S1–10.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: full text. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14 Suppl 2:S1–113.PubMedCrossRef Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: full text. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14 Suppl 2:S1–113.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1165.PubMedCrossRef Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665. doi:10.​1136/​bmj.​b1165.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Brugts JJ, Yetgin T, Hoeks SE, et al. The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2009;338:b2376. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2376.PubMedCrossRef Brugts JJ, Yetgin T, Hoeks SE, et al. The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2009;338:b2376. doi:10.​1136/​bmj.​b2376.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Cardiovascular risk management of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in the Netherlands: from unifactorial to multifactorial approach
Auteurs
I. van Dis
J. M. Geleijnse
W. M. M. Verschuren
D. Kromhout
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2012
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Netherlands Heart Journal / Uitgave 7-8/2012
Print ISSN: 1568-5888
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-6250
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-012-0268-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7-8/2012

Netherlands Heart Journal 7-8/2012 Naar de uitgave