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Since staff interventional cardiologists perform more complex procedures in the catheterisation laboratory compared with cardiology fellows-in-training, they use 74% higher radiation levels (dose area product—DAP), consequently staff interventional cardiologists were exposed to 50% higher levels of actual radiation exposure (E in µSv, measured at chest height).
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However, after correcting the actual radiation exposure for the amount of used radiation (E/DAP), fellows-in-training were exposed to 34% higher relative radiation exposure levels compared with staff interventional cardiologists.
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These findings highlight that there should be more attention for radiation safety behaviour during the training of cardiology fellows.
Introduction
Methods
Results
staff cardiologists | fellows-in-training | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 637) | (n = 129) | ||
demographics
| |||
age (years) | 67 ± 12 | 67 ± 10 | 0.48 |
male gender | 440 (69) | 92 (71) | 0.61 |
medical history
| |||
BMI | 27.6 ± 5.0 | 28.0 ± 4.9 | 0.44 |
previous myocardial infarction | 169 (27) | 25 (20) | 0.08 |
previous PCI | 187 (30) | 35 (27) | 0.60 |
previous bypass surgery | 55 (9) | 11 (9) | 0.98 |
risk factors
| |||
diabetes mellitus | 156 (25) | 30 (24) | 0.73 |
known hypertension | 367 (60) | 63 (50) | 0.04 |
family history of CAD | 322 (56) | 68 (56) | 0.99 |
hypercholesterolaemia | 282 (48) | 48 (39) | 0.06 |
current cigarette smoking | 122 (21) | 26 (21) | 0.99 |
presentation
| |||
STEMI | 53 (8) | 5 (4) | 0.08 |
NSTEMI/UA | 124 (20) | 22 (17) | 0.53 |
stable CAD | 366 (58) | 79 (61) | 0.43 |
othera | 94 (15) | 23 (18) | 0.38 |
procedural characteristics
| |||
radial access | 497 (78) | 109 (85) | 0.10 |
PCI | 349 (55) | 45 (35) | <0.001 |
lesions treated per PCI | 1.44 ± 0.67 | 1.26 ± 0.50 | 0.12 |
location of treated lesion: LM or LAD | 162 (54) | 22 (58) | 0.61 |
location of treated lesion: CX | 90 (30) | 9 (24) | 0.44 |
location of treated lesion: RCA | 105 (35) | 10 (26) | 0.31 |
PCI of chronic total occlusion | 34 (5) | 1 (1) | 0.02 |
iFR/FFR onlyb | 46 (7) | 15 (12) | 0.09 |
Skin-to-Skin time (min) | 47.1 ± 27.0 | 45.5 ± 21.8 | 0.55 |