Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 9/2012

01-09-2012 | Brief Report

Brief Report: Impaired Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) in School-Age Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Auteurs: Benjamin E. Yerys, Brian C. Wolff, Eric Moody, Bruce F. Pennington, Susan L. Hepburn

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 9/2012

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Cognitive flexibility has been measured with inductive reasoning or explicit rule tasks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) differs from previous cognitive flexibility tasks in ASD research by giving children an abstract, ambiguous rule to switch. The ASD group (N = 22; Mean age = 8.28 years, SD = 1.52) achieved a lower shift percentage than the typically developing verbal mental-age control group (N = 22; Mean age = 6.26 years, SD = 0.82). There was a significant positive correlation between verbal mental age and shift percentage for children with ASD. Group differences on the FIST converge and extend prior evidence documenting an impaired ability to adapt rapidly to changes in task demands for individuals with ASD.
Literatuur
go back to reference Boyd, B., McBee, M., Holtzclaw, T., Baranek, G., & Bodfish, J. (2009). Relationships among repetitive behaviors, sensory features, and executive functions in high functioning autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(4), 959–966. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2009.05.003.PubMedCrossRef Boyd, B., McBee, M., Holtzclaw, T., Baranek, G., & Bodfish, J. (2009). Relationships among repetitive behaviors, sensory features, and executive functions in high functioning autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(4), 959–966. doi:10.​1016/​j.​rasd.​2009.​05.​003.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Forbes, C., Costello, A., Coates, L. M.-A., Dawson, D. R., et al. (2006). The case for the development and use of “ecologically valid” measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 12(2), 194–209. doi:10.1017/S1355617706060310.PubMedCrossRef Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Forbes, C., Costello, A., Coates, L. M.-A., Dawson, D. R., et al. (2006). The case for the development and use of “ecologically valid” measures of executive function in experimental and clinical neuropsychology. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 12(2), 194–209. doi:10.​1017/​S135561770606031​0.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cambridge Cognition. (1996). CANTAB. Cambridge: Cambridge Cognition Ltd. Cambridge Cognition. (1996). CANTAB. Cambridge: Cambridge Cognition Ltd.
go back to reference Dennis, M., Francis, D. J., Cirino, P. T., Schachar, R., Barnes, M. A., & Fletcher, J. M. (2009). Why IQ is not a covariate in cognitive studies of neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 15(3), 331–343. doi:10.1017/S1355617709090481.PubMedCrossRef Dennis, M., Francis, D. J., Cirino, P. T., Schachar, R., Barnes, M. A., & Fletcher, J. M. (2009). Why IQ is not a covariate in cognitive studies of neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 15(3), 331–343. doi:10.​1017/​S135561770909048​1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1997). Examiner’s manual for the PPVT-III, peabody picture vocabulary test. Circle Pines: AGS. Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1997). Examiner’s manual for the PPVT-III, peabody picture vocabulary test. Circle Pines: AGS.
go back to reference Feldman, M. J., & Drasgow, J. (1951). A visual-verbal test for schizophrenia. Psychiatric Quarterly, 25(Suppl.), 55–64. Feldman, M. J., & Drasgow, J. (1951). A visual-verbal test for schizophrenia. Psychiatric Quarterly, 25(Suppl.), 55–64.
go back to reference Geurts, H. M., Verté, S., Oosterlaan, J., Roeyers, H., & Sergeant, J. A. (2004). How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45(4), 836–854. doi:15056314.CrossRef Geurts, H. M., Verté, S., Oosterlaan, J., Roeyers, H., & Sergeant, J. A. (2004). How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45(4), 836–854. doi:15056314.CrossRef
go back to reference Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Kenworthy, L., & Barton, R. M. (2002). Profiles of everyday executive function in acquired and developmental disorders. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence, 8(2), 121–137. Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Kenworthy, L., & Barton, R. M. (2002). Profiles of everyday executive function in acquired and developmental disorders. Child Neuropsychology: A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence, 8(2), 121–137.
go back to reference Goldberg, M. C., Mostofsky, S. H., Cutting, L. E., Mahone, E. M., Astor, B. C., Denckla, M. B., et al. (2005). Subtle executive impairment in children with autism and children with ADHD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 279–293. doi:16119469.PubMedCrossRef Goldberg, M. C., Mostofsky, S. H., Cutting, L. E., Mahone, E. M., Astor, B. C., Denckla, M. B., et al. (2005). Subtle executive impairment in children with autism and children with ADHD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 279–293. doi:16119469.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Happé, F., Booth, R., Charlton, R., & Hughes, C. (2006). Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain and Cognition, 61(1), 25–39. doi:S0278-2626(06)00069-8.PubMedCrossRef Happé, F., Booth, R., Charlton, R., & Hughes, C. (2006). Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain and Cognition, 61(1), 25–39. doi:S0278-2626(06)00069-8.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Heaton, R., Chelune, G., Talley, J., Kay, C., & Curtis, G. (1993). WCST manual: Revised and expanded. USA: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc. Heaton, R., Chelune, G., Talley, J., Kay, C., & Curtis, G. (1993). WCST manual: Revised and expanded. USA: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.
go back to reference Hill, E. L. (2004). Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism. Developmental Review, 24(2), 189–233.CrossRef Hill, E. L. (2004). Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism. Developmental Review, 24(2), 189–233.CrossRef
go back to reference Jacques, S., Landry, O., Sutton, M., Russo, N., & Burack, J. A. (2002). Language and cognitive flexibility in people with autism and down syndrome. In Presented at the international meeting for autism research, Orlando, FL. Jacques, S., Landry, O., Sutton, M., Russo, N., & Burack, J. A. (2002). Language and cognitive flexibility in people with autism and down syndrome. In Presented at the international meeting for autism research, Orlando, FL.
go back to reference Jacques, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2001). The flexible item selection task (FIST): A measure of executive function in preschoolers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20(3), 573–591.PubMed Jacques, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2001). The flexible item selection task (FIST): A measure of executive function in preschoolers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20(3), 573–591.PubMed
go back to reference Jacques, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). On the possible roots of cognitive flexibility. In B. D. Homer & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), The development of social cognition and communication (pp. 53–81). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Jacques, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). On the possible roots of cognitive flexibility. In B. D. Homer & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), The development of social cognition and communication (pp. 53–81). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Jacques, S., Zelazo, P. D., Lourenco, S. F., & Sutherland, A. E. (2005). The roles of labeling and abstraction in the development of cognitive flexibility. Unpublished Data. Jacques, S., Zelazo, P. D., Lourenco, S. F., & Sutherland, A. E. (2005). The roles of labeling and abstraction in the development of cognitive flexibility. Unpublished Data.
go back to reference Joseph, R. M., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lord, C. (2002). Cognitive profiles and social-communicative functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(6), 807–821. doi:12236615.PubMedCrossRef Joseph, R. M., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lord, C. (2002). Cognitive profiles and social-communicative functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(6), 807–821. doi:12236615.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kenworthy, L., Black, D. O., Harrison, B., Della Rosa, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2009). Are executive control functions related to autism symptoms in high-functioning children? Child Neuropsychology, 15(5), 425–440. doi:10.1080/09297040802646983.PubMedCrossRef Kenworthy, L., Black, D. O., Harrison, B., Della Rosa, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2009). Are executive control functions related to autism symptoms in high-functioning children? Child Neuropsychology, 15(5), 425–440. doi:10.​1080/​0929704080264698​3.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kenworthy, L., Yerys, B. E., Anthony, L. G., & Wallace, G. L. (2008). Understanding executive control in autism spectrum disorders in the lab and in the real world. Neuropsychology Review, 18(4), 320–338. doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9077-7.PubMedCrossRef Kenworthy, L., Yerys, B. E., Anthony, L. G., & Wallace, G. L. (2008). Understanding executive control in autism spectrum disorders in the lab and in the real world. Neuropsychology Review, 18(4), 320–338. doi:10.​1007/​s11065-008-9077-7.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lam, K. S. L., & Aman, M. G. (2007). The repetitive behavior scale-revised: Independent validation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(5), 855–866. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0213-z.PubMedCrossRef Lam, K. S. L., & Aman, M. G. (2007). The repetitive behavior scale-revised: Independent validation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(5), 855–866. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-006-0213-z.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Liss, M., Fein, D., Allen, D., Dunn, M., Feinstein, C., Morris, R., et al. (2001). Executive functioning in high-functioning children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2), 261–270.PubMedCrossRef Liss, M., Fein, D., Allen, D., Dunn, M., Feinstein, C., Morris, R., et al. (2001). Executive functioning in high-functioning children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(2), 261–270.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lopez, B. R., Lincoln, A. J., Ozonoff, S., & Lai, Z. (2005). Examining the relationship between executive functions and restricted, repetitive symptoms of autistic disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(4), 445–460. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-5035-x.PubMedCrossRef Lopez, B. R., Lincoln, A. J., Ozonoff, S., & Lai, Z. (2005). Examining the relationship between executive functions and restricted, repetitive symptoms of autistic disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(4), 445–460. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-005-5035-x.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223. doi:11055457.PubMedCrossRef Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223. doi:11055457.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Maes, J. H. R., Eling, P. A. T. M., Wezenberg, E., Vissers, C. T. W. M., & Kan, C. C. (2010). Attentional set shifting in autism spectrum disorder: Differentiating between the role of perseveration, learned irrelevance, and novelty processing. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33, 210–217. doi:10.1080/13803395.2010.501327.PubMedCrossRef Maes, J. H. R., Eling, P. A. T. M., Wezenberg, E., Vissers, C. T. W. M., & Kan, C. C. (2010). Attentional set shifting in autism spectrum disorder: Differentiating between the role of perseveration, learned irrelevance, and novelty processing. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33, 210–217. doi:10.​1080/​13803395.​2010.​501327.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734.PubMedCrossRef Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. doi:10.​1006/​cogp.​1999.​0734.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ozonoff, S. (1995). Reliability and validity of the wisconsin card sorting test in studies of autism. Neuropsychology, 9(4), 491–500.CrossRef Ozonoff, S. (1995). Reliability and validity of the wisconsin card sorting test in studies of autism. Neuropsychology, 9(4), 491–500.CrossRef
go back to reference Ozonoff, S., Cook, I., Coon, H., Dawson, G., Joseph, R. M., Klin, A., et al. (2004). Performance on Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery subtests sensitive to frontal lobe function in people with autistic disorder: Evidence from the collaborative programs of excellence in autism network. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 139–150.PubMedCrossRef Ozonoff, S., Cook, I., Coon, H., Dawson, G., Joseph, R. M., Klin, A., et al. (2004). Performance on Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery subtests sensitive to frontal lobe function in people with autistic disorder: Evidence from the collaborative programs of excellence in autism network. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 139–150.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pascualvaca, D. M., Fantie, B. D., Papageorgiou, M., & Mirsky, A. F. (1998). Attentional capacities in children with autism: Is there a general deficit in shifting focus? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(6), 467–478.PubMedCrossRef Pascualvaca, D. M., Fantie, B. D., Papageorgiou, M., & Mirsky, A. F. (1998). Attentional capacities in children with autism: Is there a general deficit in shifting focus? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(6), 467–478.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(1), 51–87.PubMedCrossRef Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(1), 51–87.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Poljac, E., Simon, S., Ringlever, L., Kalcik, D., Groen, W. B., Buitelaar, J. K., et al. (2010). Impaired task switching performance in children with dyslexia but not in children with autism. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(2), 401–416. doi:10.1080/17470210902990803.PubMedCrossRef Poljac, E., Simon, S., Ringlever, L., Kalcik, D., Groen, W. B., Buitelaar, J. K., et al. (2010). Impaired task switching performance in children with dyslexia but not in children with autism. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(2), 401–416. doi:10.​1080/​1747021090299080​3.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Richler, J., Huerta, M., Bishop, S. L., & Lord, C. (2010). Developmental trajectories of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in children with autism spectrum disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 22(1), 55–69. doi:10.1017/S0954579409990265.PubMedCrossRef Richler, J., Huerta, M., Bishop, S. L., & Lord, C. (2010). Developmental trajectories of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in children with autism spectrum disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 22(1), 55–69. doi:10.​1017/​S095457940999026​5.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rogers, S. J. (2000). Interventions that facilitate socialization in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(5), 399–409.PubMedCrossRef Rogers, S. J. (2000). Interventions that facilitate socialization in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(5), 399–409.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). The social communication questionnaire manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services. Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). The social communication questionnaire manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
go back to reference Sergeant, J. A., Geurts, H. M., & Oosterlaan, J. (2002). How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Behavioural Brain Research, 130(1–2), 3–28. doi:11864714.PubMedCrossRef Sergeant, J. A., Geurts, H. M., & Oosterlaan, J. (2002). How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Behavioural Brain Research, 130(1–2), 3–28. doi:11864714.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smith, C. J., Lang, C. M., Kryzak, L., Reichenberg, A., Hollander, E., & Silverman, J. M. (2009). Familial associations of intense preoccupations, an empirical factor of the restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests domain of autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(8), 982–990. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02060.x.PubMedCrossRef Smith, C. J., Lang, C. M., Kryzak, L., Reichenberg, A., Hollander, E., & Silverman, J. M. (2009). Familial associations of intense preoccupations, an empirical factor of the restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests domain of autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(8), 982–990. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1469-7610.​2009.​02060.​x.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Solomon, M., Ozonoff, S., Cummings, N., & Carter, C. S. (2008). Cognitive control in autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 26(2), 239–247. doi:S0736-5748(07)00161-X.PubMedCrossRef Solomon, M., Ozonoff, S., Cummings, N., & Carter, C. S. (2008). Cognitive control in autism spectrum disorders. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 26(2), 239–247. doi:S0736-5748(07)00161-X.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference South, M., Ozonoff, S., & McMahon, W. M. (2007). The relationship between executive functioning, central coherence, and repetitive behaviors in the high-functioning autism spectrum. Autism, 11(5), 437–451. doi:10.1177/1362361307079606.PubMedCrossRef South, M., Ozonoff, S., & McMahon, W. M. (2007). The relationship between executive functioning, central coherence, and repetitive behaviors in the high-functioning autism spectrum. Autism, 11(5), 437–451. doi:10.​1177/​1362361307079606​.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scales of intelligence. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scales of intelligence. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Wechsler, D. (2002). Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Wechsler, D. (2002). Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Welsh, M., & Pennington, B. (1988). Assessing frontal-lobe functioning in children—views from developmental-psychology. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4(3), 199–230.CrossRef Welsh, M., & Pennington, B. (1988). Assessing frontal-lobe functioning in children—views from developmental-psychology. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4(3), 199–230.CrossRef
go back to reference Yerys, B. E., Wallace, G. L., Harrison, B., Celano, M. J., Giedd, J. N., & Kenworthy, L. (2009). Set-shifting in children with autism spectrum disorders: Reversal shifting deficits on the intradimensional/extradimensional shift test correlate with repetitive behaviors. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 13(5), 523–538. doi:10.1177/1362361309335716. Yerys, B. E., Wallace, G. L., Harrison, B., Celano, M. J., Giedd, J. N., & Kenworthy, L. (2009). Set-shifting in children with autism spectrum disorders: Reversal shifting deficits on the intradimensional/extradimensional shift test correlate with repetitive behaviors. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 13(5), 523–538. doi:10.​1177/​1362361309335716​.
Metagegevens
Titel
Brief Report: Impaired Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) in School-Age Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Auteurs
Benjamin E. Yerys
Brian C. Wolff
Eric Moody
Bruce F. Pennington
Susan L. Hepburn
Publicatiedatum
01-09-2012
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 9/2012
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1443-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2012

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 9/2012 Naar de uitgave