Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 3/2016

20-08-2015 | Original Paper

Bidirectional Effects of Positive Affect, Warmth, and Interactions Between Mothers With and Without Symptoms of Depression and Their Toddlers

Auteurs: Alexandra C. Hummel, Elizabeth J. Kiel, Silvija Zvirblyte

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 3/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Maternal depression has negative implications for parenting and child outcomes, but it is also important to understand the daily transactional interactions that occur between mothers varying in symptoms of depression and their children. The current study aimed to examine immediate bidirectional effects between maternal warmth and positive affect and toddler affect in a sample of mothers varying in symptoms of depression. Ninety-one mothers and their 24-month-old toddlers completed a laboratory free-play/clean-up task. Mothers rated their symptoms of depression using the CES-D, and maternal warmth and positive affect and toddler positive and negative affect were observationally coded from a free-play and clean-up laboratory task. Sequential analyses indicated that mothers with no or mild symptoms of depression exhibited mutual positive affect with their children, but mothers with more severe symptoms of depression did not. Mothers with higher symptoms of depression displayed a decrease in warmth concurrent with toddlers’ positive affect. Further, unlike dyads in which mothers had higher symptoms of depression, dyads of mothers with lower symptoms appeared to exhibit some covariation in positive affect across the episode. These results provide evidence that even in non-clinical samples, affective manifestations of mothers’ subthreshold levels of depression may have negative immediate effects on toddlers’ emotions, and that mothers without symptoms of depression may have more reciprocal affective exchanges with their toddlers.
Literatuur
go back to reference Bakeman, R., & Gottman, J. M. (1997). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Bakeman, R., & Gottman, J. M. (1997). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Beardslee, W. R., Gladstone, T. R. G., & O’Connor, E. E. (2011). Transmission and prevention of mood disorders among children of affectively ill parents: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 1098–1109.CrossRefPubMed Beardslee, W. R., Gladstone, T. R. G., & O’Connor, E. E. (2011). Transmission and prevention of mood disorders among children of affectively ill parents: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 1098–1109.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Belsky, J., & Jaffe, S. R. (2006). The multiple determinants of parenting. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 3: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 38–85). Hoboken: Wiley. Belsky, J., & Jaffe, S. R. (2006). The multiple determinants of parenting. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 3: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 38–85). Hoboken: Wiley.
go back to reference Berkman, L. F., Berkman, C. S., Kasl, S. V., Freeman, D. J., Leo, L., Ostfeld, A. M., et al. (1986). Depressive symptoms in relation to physical health and functioning in the elderly. American Journal of Epidemiology, 124, 372–388.PubMed Berkman, L. F., Berkman, C. S., Kasl, S. V., Freeman, D. J., Leo, L., Ostfeld, A. M., et al. (1986). Depressive symptoms in relation to physical health and functioning in the elderly. American Journal of Epidemiology, 124, 372–388.PubMed
go back to reference Buss, K. A., & Goldsmith, H. H. (1998). Fear and anger regulation in infancy: Effects of temporal dynamics of affective expression. Child Development, 69, 359–374.CrossRefPubMed Buss, K. A., & Goldsmith, H. H. (1998). Fear and anger regulation in infancy: Effects of temporal dynamics of affective expression. Child Development, 69, 359–374.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic properties. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316–336.CrossRefPubMed Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic properties. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316–336.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Cohen, J., Cohen, P. West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Cohen, J., Cohen, P. West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Cox, A. D., Puckering, C., Pound, A., & Mills, M. (1987). The impact of maternal depression in young children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 28, 917–928.CrossRefPubMed Cox, A. D., Puckering, C., Pound, A., & Mills, M. (1987). The impact of maternal depression in young children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 28, 917–928.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Crockenberg, S. C., & Leerkes, E. M. (2004). Infant and maternal behaviors regulate infant reactivity to novelty at 6 months. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1123–1132.CrossRefPubMed Crockenberg, S. C., & Leerkes, E. M. (2004). Infant and maternal behaviors regulate infant reactivity to novelty at 6 months. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1123–1132.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (1994). Maternal depression and child development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 73–112.CrossRefPubMed Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (1994). Maternal depression and child development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 73–112.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dawson, G., Ashman, S. B., Panagiotides, H., Hessl, D., Self, J., Yamada, E., & Embry, L. (2003). Preschool outcomes of children of depressed mothers: Role of maternal behavior, contextual risk, and children’s brain activity. Child Development, 74, 1158–1175.CrossRefPubMed Dawson, G., Ashman, S. B., Panagiotides, H., Hessl, D., Self, J., Yamada, E., & Embry, L. (2003). Preschool outcomes of children of depressed mothers: Role of maternal behavior, contextual risk, and children’s brain activity. Child Development, 74, 1158–1175.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 50–76.CrossRefPubMed Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 50–76.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Field, T. (2008). Problems in infancy. In M. Herson & A. M. Gross (Eds.), Handbook of clinical psychology: Children and adolescents (Vol. II, pp. 966–1011). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Field, T. (2008). Problems in infancy. In M. Herson & A. M. Gross (Eds.), Handbook of clinical psychology: Children and adolescents (Vol. II, pp. 966–1011). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
go back to reference Field, T., Healy, B., Goldstein, S., & Guthertz, M. (1990). Behavior-state matching and synchrony in mother-infant interactions of nondepressed and depressed dyads. Developmental Psychology, 26, 7–14.CrossRef Field, T., Healy, B., Goldstein, S., & Guthertz, M. (1990). Behavior-state matching and synchrony in mother-infant interactions of nondepressed and depressed dyads. Developmental Psychology, 26, 7–14.CrossRef
go back to reference Field, T., Nadel, J., Hernandez-Reif, M., Diego, M., Vera, Y., Gil, K., & Sanders, C. (2005). Depressed mothers’ infants show less negative affect during non-contingent interactions. Infant Behavior and Development, 28, 426–430.CrossRef Field, T., Nadel, J., Hernandez-Reif, M., Diego, M., Vera, Y., Gil, K., & Sanders, C. (2005). Depressed mothers’ infants show less negative affect during non-contingent interactions. Infant Behavior and Development, 28, 426–430.CrossRef
go back to reference Gaertner, B. M., Spinrad, T. L., & Eisenberg, N. (2008). Focused attention in toddlers: measurement, stability, and relations to negative emotion and parenting. Infant and Child Development, 17, 339–363.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Gaertner, B. M., Spinrad, T. L., & Eisenberg, N. (2008). Focused attention in toddlers: measurement, stability, and relations to negative emotion and parenting. Infant and Child Development, 17, 339–363.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gelfand, D. M., & Teti, D. M. (1990). The effects of maternal depression on children. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 329–353.CrossRef Gelfand, D. M., & Teti, D. M. (1990). The effects of maternal depression on children. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 329–353.CrossRef
go back to reference Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999). Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: A developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychological Review, 106, 458–490.CrossRefPubMed Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999). Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: A developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychological Review, 106, 458–490.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. H., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Child Family Psychology Review, 14, 1–27.CrossRefPubMed Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. H., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Child Family Psychology Review, 14, 1–27.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Heck, R. H., Thomas, S. L., & Tabata, L. N. (2014). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. New York: Routledge. Heck, R. H., Thomas, S. L., & Tabata, L. N. (2014). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. New York: Routledge.
go back to reference Hops, H., Biglan, A., Sherman, L., Arthur, J., Friedman, L. S., & Osteen, V. (1987). Home observations of family interactions of depressed women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 341–346.CrossRefPubMed Hops, H., Biglan, A., Sherman, L., Arthur, J., Friedman, L. S., & Osteen, V. (1987). Home observations of family interactions of depressed women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 341–346.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hummel, A. C., & Kiel, E. J. (2015). Maternal depressive symptoms, maternal behavior, and toddler internalizing outcomes: A moderated mediation model. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46, 21–33.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hummel, A. C., & Kiel, E. J. (2015). Maternal depressive symptoms, maternal behavior, and toddler internalizing outcomes: A moderated mediation model. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46, 21–33.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kochanska, G. (1997). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: Implications for early socialization. Child Development, 68, 94–112.CrossRefPubMed Kochanska, G. (1997). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: Implications for early socialization. Child Development, 68, 94–112.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kochanska, G., Aska, N., Prisco, T. R., & Adams, E. E. (2008). Mother-child and father-child mutually responsive orientation in the first 2 years and children’s outcomes at preschool age: Mechanisms of influence. Child Development, 79, 30–44.CrossRefPubMed Kochanska, G., Aska, N., Prisco, T. R., & Adams, E. E. (2008). Mother-child and father-child mutually responsive orientation in the first 2 years and children’s outcomes at preschool age: Mechanisms of influence. Child Development, 79, 30–44.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O’Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 561–592.CrossRefPubMed Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O’Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 561–592.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference McLennan, J. D., Kotelchuck, M., & Cho, H. (2001). Prevalence, persistence, and correlates of depressive symptoms in a national sample of mothers of toddlers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1316–1323.CrossRefPubMed McLennan, J. D., Kotelchuck, M., & Cho, H. (2001). Prevalence, persistence, and correlates of depressive symptoms in a national sample of mothers of toddlers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1316–1323.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Querido, J. G., Bearss, K., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Parent/child interaction therapy (pp. 91–113). Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral approaches. Querido, J. G., Bearss, K., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Parent/child interaction therapy (pp. 91–113). Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral approaches.
go back to reference Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measure, 1, 385–401.CrossRef Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measure, 1, 385–401.CrossRef
go back to reference Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Skotheim, S., Braarud, H. C., Hoie, K., Markhus, M. W., Malde, M. K., Graff, I. E., et al. (2013). Subclinical levels of maternal depression and infant sensitivity to social contingency. Infant Behavior and Development, 36, 419–426.CrossRefPubMed Skotheim, S., Braarud, H. C., Hoie, K., Markhus, M. W., Malde, M. K., Graff, I. E., et al. (2013). Subclinical levels of maternal depression and infant sensitivity to social contingency. Infant Behavior and Development, 36, 419–426.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Stifter, C. A., & Wiggins, C. N. (2004). Assessment of disturbances in emotion regulation and temperament. In R. DelCarmen-Wiggins & A. S. Carter (Eds.), Handbook of infant, toddler, and preschool mental health (pp. 38–85). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stifter, C. A., & Wiggins, C. N. (2004). Assessment of disturbances in emotion regulation and temperament. In R. DelCarmen-Wiggins & A. S. Carter (Eds.), Handbook of infant, toddler, and preschool mental health (pp. 38–85). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Weinberg, M. K., & Tronick, E. Z. (1998). Emotional characteristics of infants associated with maternal depression and anxiety. Pediatrics, 102, 1298–1304.PubMed Weinberg, M. K., & Tronick, E. Z. (1998). Emotional characteristics of infants associated with maternal depression and anxiety. Pediatrics, 102, 1298–1304.PubMed
go back to reference West, A. E., & Newman, D. L. (2003). Worried and blue: Mild parental anxiety and depression in relation to the development of young children’s temperament and behavior problems. Parenting Science and Practice, 3, 133–154.CrossRef West, A. E., & Newman, D. L. (2003). Worried and blue: Mild parental anxiety and depression in relation to the development of young children’s temperament and behavior problems. Parenting Science and Practice, 3, 133–154.CrossRef
go back to reference Whaley, S. E., Pinto, A., & Sigman, M. (1999). Characterizing interactions between anxious mothers and their children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 826–836.CrossRefPubMed Whaley, S. E., Pinto, A., & Sigman, M. (1999). Characterizing interactions between anxious mothers and their children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 826–836.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Zekoski, E. M., O’Hara, M. W., & Wills, K. E. (1987). The effects of maternal mood on mother–infant interaction. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 361–378.CrossRefPubMed Zekoski, E. M., O’Hara, M. W., & Wills, K. E. (1987). The effects of maternal mood on mother–infant interaction. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 361–378.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Bidirectional Effects of Positive Affect, Warmth, and Interactions Between Mothers With and Without Symptoms of Depression and Their Toddlers
Auteurs
Alexandra C. Hummel
Elizabeth J. Kiel
Silvija Zvirblyte
Publicatiedatum
20-08-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0272-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2016

Journal of Child and Family Studies 3/2016 Naar de uitgave