Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 2/2021

11-01-2021 | Original Paper

Beyond 16 Sessions: Extending Manualized Treatment of Anxious Youth

Auteurs: Elana R. Kagan, Hannah E. Frank, Mark J. Knepley, Philip C. Kendall

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 2/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well established as an efficacious treatment for anxious youth, yet a number of youth remain symptomatic after the 10–16 sessions of treatment stipulated by most CBT treatment manuals. While a significant minority do not respond, no study has examined the frequency and impact of additional therapy sessions. This study examined youth receiving outpatient therapy at an anxiety clinic who were offered the option to continue treatment after completing 16 sessions of manual-based CBT. Fifty-nine percent of participants chose to continue treatment, with an average of approximately 20 total sessions across participants. Therapist ratings demonstrated a significant overall improvement between session 16 and the final session. No pre-treatment measure of symptom severity differed between those who extended treatment and those who ended at session 16. Parent-rated anxiety differed between groups at session 16, as did the length of time to complete 16 sessions. Findings indicate that extending treatment is not uncommon, is typically limited to several additional sessions, and is associated with an increase in treatment gains. Current results suggest that two factors at session 16, parental perceptions of anxiety and time to complete 16 sessions, are influential and may be central to the decision to continue treatment past this point. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Albano, A. M. & Silverman, W. K. (unpublished). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-5) Child/Parent Clinician Manual. Albano, A. M. & Silverman, W. K. (unpublished). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-5) Child/Parent Clinician Manual.
go back to reference Barrett, P. (2005). FRIENDS for life: group leaders’ manual for children. Bowen Hills, Qld: Australian Academic Press. Barrett, P. (2005). FRIENDS for life: group leaders’ manual for children. Bowen Hills, Qld: Australian Academic Press.
go back to reference Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1991). Coping koala workbook. Nathan: School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University. Unpublished manuscript. Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1991). Coping koala workbook. Nathan: School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University. Unpublished manuscript.
go back to reference Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy, second edition: basics and beyond. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy, second edition: basics and beyond. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Beidas, R., Benjamin, C., Puleo, C., Edmunds, J., & Kendall, P. C. (2010). Flexible applications of The Coping Cat Program for anxious youth. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 142–153 .PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Beidas, R., Benjamin, C., Puleo, C., Edmunds, J., & Kendall, P. C. (2010). Flexible applications of The Coping Cat Program for anxious youth. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 142–153 .PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Compton, S. N., March, J. S., Brent, D., Albano, A. M., Weersing, V. R., & Curry, J. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 930–959.CrossRef Compton, S. N., March, J. S., Brent, D., Albano, A. M., Weersing, V. R., & Curry, J. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 930–959.CrossRef
go back to reference Connolly, S. D., & Bernstein, G. A. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 267–283.CrossRef Connolly, S. D., & Bernstein, G. A. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 267–283.CrossRef
go back to reference Essau, C. A., Conradt, J., & Petermann, F. (2000). Frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of anxiety disorders in adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 263–279.PubMedCrossRef Essau, C. A., Conradt, J., & Petermann, F. (2000). Frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of anxiety disorders in adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 263–279.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ford, T., Goodman, R., & Meltzer, H. (2003). The British child and adolescent mental health survey 1999: the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1203–1211.CrossRef Ford, T., Goodman, R., & Meltzer, H. (2003). The British child and adolescent mental health survey 1999: the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1203–1211.CrossRef
go back to reference Guy, W. (1976). Clinical global impressions. In ECDEU Asessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (pp. 218-222). Rockville, MD: National Institute for Mental Health. Guy, W. (1976). Clinical global impressions. In ECDEU Asessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (pp. 218-222). Rockville, MD: National Institute for Mental Health.
go back to reference Higa-McMillan, C. K., Francis, S. E., Rith-Najarian, L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2016). Evidence base update: 50 years of research on treatment for child and adolescent anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45, 91–113.CrossRef Higa-McMillan, C. K., Francis, S. E., Rith-Najarian, L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2016). Evidence base update: 50 years of research on treatment for child and adolescent anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45, 91–113.CrossRef
go back to reference Hollon, S. D., & Beck, A. T. (2013). Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change. 6th ed. (pp. 393–432). Mahwah, NJ: Wiley. Hollon, S. D., & Beck, A. T. (2013). Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield’s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change. 6th ed. (pp. 393–432). Mahwah, NJ: Wiley.
go back to reference Jarrett, R. B., Kraft, D., Doyle, J., Foster, B. M., Eaves, G. G., & Silver, P. C. (2001). Preventing recurrent depression using cognitive therapy with and without a continuation phase: a randomized clinical trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 381–388.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jarrett, R. B., Kraft, D., Doyle, J., Foster, B. M., Eaves, G. G., & Silver, P. C. (2001). Preventing recurrent depression using cognitive therapy with and without a continuation phase: a randomized clinical trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 381–388.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Kendall, P. C., Choudhury, M., Hudson, J., & Webb, A. (2002). The CAT project therapist manual. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing. Kendall, P. C., Choudhury, M., Hudson, J., & Webb, A. (2002). The CAT project therapist manual. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.
go back to reference Kendall, P. C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli-Mindel, S. M., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M. (1997). Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: a second randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 366–380.PubMedCrossRef Kendall, P. C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli-Mindel, S. M., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M. (1997). Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: a second randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 366–380.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kendall, P. C., & Hedtke, K. A. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious children: therapist manual. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing. Kendall, P. C., & Hedtke, K. A. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious children: therapist manual. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.
go back to reference Kendall, P. C., Hudson, J. L., Gosch, E., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Suveg, C. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disordered youth: a randomized clinical trial evaluating child and family therapy. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 76, 282–297.CrossRef Kendall, P. C., Hudson, J. L., Gosch, E., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Suveg, C. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disordered youth: a randomized clinical trial evaluating child and family therapy. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 76, 282–297.CrossRef
go back to reference Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., & Poulton, R. (2003). Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 709–717.PubMedCrossRef Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., & Poulton, R. (2003). Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 709–717.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kroes, M., Kalff, A. C., Kessels, A. G. H., Steyaert, J., Frans, J. M. F., Van Someren, A., Hurks, P. P. M., Hendriksen, J. G. M., Van Zeben, T., Rozendaal, N., Crolla, I., Troost, J., Jolles, J., & Vles, J. S. H. (2001). Child psychiatric diagnoses in a population of Dutch schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(12), 1401–1409.CrossRef Kroes, M., Kalff, A. C., Kessels, A. G. H., Steyaert, J., Frans, J. M. F., Van Someren, A., Hurks, P. P. M., Hendriksen, J. G. M., Van Zeben, T., Rozendaal, N., Crolla, I., Troost, J., Jolles, J., & Vles, J. S. H. (2001). Child psychiatric diagnoses in a population of Dutch schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(12), 1401–1409.CrossRef
go back to reference Lenz, A. S. (2015). Meta-analysis of the coping cat program for decreasing severity of anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 1(2), 51–65.CrossRef Lenz, A. S. (2015). Meta-analysis of the coping cat program for decreasing severity of anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 1(2), 51–65.CrossRef
go back to reference March, J. S., & Albano, A. M. (1998). Advances in the assessment of pediatric anxiety disorders. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 213–241.CrossRef March, J. S., & Albano, A. M. (1998). Advances in the assessment of pediatric anxiety disorders. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 213–241.CrossRef
go back to reference March, J. S., Parker, J. D. A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 554–565.PubMedCrossRef March, J. S., Parker, J. D. A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 554–565.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference March, J. S., Sullivan, K., & Parker, J. (1999). Test-retest reliability of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 349–358.PubMedCrossRef March, J. S., Sullivan, K., & Parker, J. (1999). Test-retest reliability of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 349–358.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Merikangas, K., Nakamura, E., & Kessler, R. (2009). Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11, 7–20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Merikangas, K., Nakamura, E., & Kessler, R. (2009). Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11, 7–20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Goergiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 980–989.CrossRef Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Goergiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 980–989.CrossRef
go back to reference Orlinsky, D. E., Grawe, K., & Parks, B. K. (1994). Process and outcome in psychotherapy: Noch einmal. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook ofpsychotherapy and behavior change. 4th ed. (pp. 270–376). New York, NY: Wiley. Orlinsky, D. E., Grawe, K., & Parks, B. K. (1994). Process and outcome in psychotherapy: Noch einmal. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook ofpsychotherapy and behavior change. 4th ed. (pp. 270–376). New York, NY: Wiley.
go back to reference Podell, J., Mychailyszyn, M., Edmunds, J., Puleo, C., & Kendall, P. C. (2010). The Coping Cat Program for anxious youth: the FEAR plan comes to life. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 132–141. [contains video].CrossRef Podell, J., Mychailyszyn, M., Edmunds, J., Puleo, C., & Kendall, P. C. (2010). The Coping Cat Program for anxious youth: the FEAR plan comes to life. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 132–141. [contains video].CrossRef
go back to reference Puleo, C., Conner, B., Benjamin, C., & Kendall, P. C. (2011). CBT for childhood anxiety and substance use at 7.4-year follow-up: a reassessment controlling for known predictors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 690–696.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Puleo, C., Conner, B., Benjamin, C., & Kendall, P. C. (2011). CBT for childhood anxiety and substance use at 7.4-year follow-up: a reassessment controlling for known predictors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 690–696.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Rapee, R. M. (2000). Group treatment of children with anxiety disorders: outcome and predictors of treatment response. Australian Journal of Psychology, 52, 125–129.CrossRef Rapee, R. M. (2000). Group treatment of children with anxiety disorders: outcome and predictors of treatment response. Australian Journal of Psychology, 52, 125–129.CrossRef
go back to reference Rapee, R. M., & Wignall, A. (2002). Cool kids program: family version session guide. Sydney: Macquarie University Anxiety Research Unit. Rapee, R. M., & Wignall, A. (2002). Cool kids program: family version session guide. Sydney: Macquarie University Anxiety Research Unit.
go back to reference Schuckit, M. A., & Hesselbrock, V. (1994). Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: what is the relationship? American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1723–1734.CrossRefPubMed Schuckit, M. A., & Hesselbrock, V. (1994). Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: what is the relationship? American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1723–1734.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 20, 217–238.CrossRef Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 20, 217–238.CrossRef
go back to reference Silverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., Weems, C. F., Lumpkin, P. W., & Carmichael, D. H. (1999). Treating anxiety disorders in children with group cognitive-behavioral therapy: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 995.PubMedCrossRef Silverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., Weems, C. F., Lumpkin, P. W., & Carmichael, D. H. (1999). Treating anxiety disorders in children with group cognitive-behavioral therapy: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 995.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Silverman, W. K., Pina, A. A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 105–130.CrossRef Silverman, W. K., Pina, A. A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 105–130.CrossRef
go back to reference Silverman, W. K., Saavedra, L. M., & Pina, A. A. (2001). Test-retest reliability of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 937–944.PubMedCrossRef Silverman, W. K., Saavedra, L. M., & Pina, A. A. (2001). Test-retest reliability of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 937–944.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sun, M., Rith-Najarian, L. R., Williamson, T. J., & Chorpita, B. F. (2018). Treatment features associated with youth cognitive behavioral therapy follow-up effects for internalizing disorders: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(suppl 1), S269–S283. Sun, M., Rith-Najarian, L. R., Williamson, T. J., & Chorpita, B. F. (2018). Treatment features associated with youth cognitive behavioral therapy follow-up effects for internalizing disorders: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(suppl 1), S269–S283.
go back to reference Swan, A. J., & Kendall, P. C. (2016). Fear and missing out: youth anxiety and functional outcomes. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 23, 417–435. Swan, A. J., & Kendall, P. C. (2016). Fear and missing out: youth anxiety and functional outcomes. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 23, 417–435.
go back to reference Villabø, M. A., Narayanan, M., Compton, S. N., Kendall, P. C., & Neumer, S. P. (2018). Cognitive–behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: an effectiveness evaluation in community practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(9), 751.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Villabø, M. A., Narayanan, M., Compton, S. N., Kendall, P. C., & Neumer, S. P. (2018). Cognitive–behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: an effectiveness evaluation in community practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(9), 751.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., Piacentini, J., Birmaher, B., Compton, S. N., Sherrill, J. T., & Kendall, P. C. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 2753–2766.CrossRefPubMed Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., Piacentini, J., Birmaher, B., Compton, S. N., Sherrill, J. T., & Kendall, P. C. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 2753–2766.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Walkup, J., Labellarte, M. J., Riddle, M., Pine, D. S., Greenhill, L., Klein, R., & Klee, B. (2001). The Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group: fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. The Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(17), 1279–1285.CrossRef Walkup, J., Labellarte, M. J., Riddle, M., Pine, D. S., Greenhill, L., Klein, R., & Klee, B. (2001). The Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group: fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. The Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(17), 1279–1285.CrossRef
go back to reference Warner, C. M., Fisher, P. H., Shrout, P. E., Rathor, S., & Klein, R. G. (2007). Treating adolescents with social anxiety disorder in school: An attention control trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 676–686.CrossRef Warner, C. M., Fisher, P. H., Shrout, P. E., Rathor, S., & Klein, R. G. (2007). Treating adolescents with social anxiety disorder in school: An attention control trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 676–686.CrossRef
go back to reference Wolk, C. B., Kendall, P. C., & Beidas, R. S. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for child anxiety confers long-term protection from suicidality. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 175–179.PubMedCrossRef Wolk, C. B., Kendall, P. C., & Beidas, R. S. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for child anxiety confers long-term protection from suicidality. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 175–179.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Barrios, V. (2002). Concurrent validity of the anxiety disorders section of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 335–342.PubMedCrossRef Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Barrios, V. (2002). Concurrent validity of the anxiety disorders section of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 335–342.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zaider, T. I., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2003). Evaluation of the clinical global impression scale among individuals with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 33, 611–622.PubMedCrossRef Zaider, T. I., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2003). Evaluation of the clinical global impression scale among individuals with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 33, 611–622.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Beyond 16 Sessions: Extending Manualized Treatment of Anxious Youth
Auteurs
Elana R. Kagan
Hannah E. Frank
Mark J. Knepley
Philip C. Kendall
Publicatiedatum
11-01-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01872-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2021

Journal of Child and Family Studies 2/2021 Naar de uitgave