Top

Gepubliceerd in:

09-12-2019 | Original Article

Beliefs About Emotions, Negative Meta-emotions, and Perceived Emotional Control During an Emotionally Salient Situation in Individuals with Emotional Disorders

Auteurs: Răzvan Predatu, Daniel O. David, Antonio Maffei

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2020

Abstract

Research has highlighted that emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are common in individuals with emotional disorders (ED). However, most studies were limited to non-clinical (NC) samples and focused on specific strategies to control emotions. Also, few studies investigated these difficulties “in-the-moment”. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate ER difficulties in individuals with ED that are usually neglected, such as difficulties in how they appraise their emotions (beliefs about emotions). Moreover, we examined the mediator role of irrational/dysfunctional beliefs about emotions in relation to the experience of negative meta-emotions and low perceived control of emotions. A number of 36 individuals with ED and 50 NC completed an emotion-provoking autobiographical recall task while their negative emotions, cardiac activity, beliefs about emotions, negative meta-emotions and perceived emotional control were assessed. Results indicated that compared to non-clinical controls, individuals with ED showed more irrational beliefs about emotions, more negative meta-emotions, and poorer perceived control of emotions. Also, our results showed that these irrational beliefs about emotions were further related to an increased level of negative meta-emotions and to a decreased perceived control of emotions. Finally, negative meta-emotions were differentially associated in the two groups with the control of heart rate by the two branches of the autonomous nervous system. Thus, individuals with ED may have difficulties in appraising emotions, which further expose them to maladjustment.

vorige artikel Experiential Avoidance as a Mechanism of Change Across Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in a Sample of Participants with Heterogeneous Anxiety Disorders

volgende artikel Valued Living in Daily Experience: Relations with Mindfulness, Meaning, Psychological Flexibility, and Stressors

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review,30(2), 217–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004.CrossRefPubMed

Aldao, A., Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation flexibility. Cognitive Therapy and Research,39(3), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-014-9662-4.CrossRef

Appelhans, B. M., & Luecken, L. J. (2006). Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding. Review of General Psychology,10(3), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.10.3.229.CrossRef

Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science,8(6), 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116.CrossRefPubMed

Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., et al. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy,42(4), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007.CrossRefPubMed

Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001). Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,110(4), 585–599. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843X.110.4.585.CrossRefPubMed

Campbell-Sills, L., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 542–559). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006a). Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders. Emotion Washington, DC,6(4), 587–595. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.587.CrossRef

Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006b). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy,44(9), 1251–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.001.CrossRefPubMed

Cohen, A. J. (2010). Music as a source of emotion in film. Handbook of music and emotion: Theory, research, applications (pp. 879–908). New York: Oxford University Press.

Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology,43(3), 245–265. https://doi.org/10.1348/0144665031752934.CrossRefPubMed

David, D., & Cristea, I. (2018). The new great psychotherapy debate: Scientific integrated psychotherapy vs plurality Why cognitive-behavior therapy is the gold standard in psychotherapy and a platform for scientific integrated psychotherapy. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies,18(2), 1–17.CrossRef

David, D., Szentagotai, A., Eva, K., & Macavei, B. (2005). A synopsis of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT); fundamental and applied research. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy,23(3), 175–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-005-0011-0.CrossRef

David, D. O., Matu, S. A., Podina, I. R., & Predatu, R. M. (2019). Future research directions for REBT. In: M. E. Bernard & W. Dryden (Eds.), Advances in REBT: Theory, practice, research, measurement, prevention and promotion (pp. 121–146). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93118-0_6.CrossRef

DiGiuseppe, R., Leaf, R., Exner, T., & Robin, M. W. (1988). The development of a measure of irrational/rational thinking. Edinburgh: In World Congress of Behavior Therapy.

Edwards, E. R., Micek, A., Mottarella, K., & Wupperman, P. (2017). Emotion ideology mediates effects of risk factors on alexithymia development. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy,35(3), 254–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0254-y.CrossRef

Ellis, A. (1991). The revised ABC’s of rational-emotive therapy (RET). Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy,9(3), 139–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061227.CrossRef

Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.

First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). User’s guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders SCID-I: Clinician version. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Ford, B. Q., & Gross, J. J. (2018). Emotion regulation: Why beliefs matter. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne,59(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000142.CrossRef

Friedman, B. H. (2007). An autonomic flexibility–neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biological Psychology,74(2), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009.CrossRefPubMed

Geisler, F. C. M., Vennewald, N., Kubiak, T., & Weber, H. (2010). The impact of heart rate variability on subjective well-being is mediated by emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences,49(7), 723–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.015.CrossRef

Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment,26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94.CrossRef

Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology,2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271.CrossRef

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy,44(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006.CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Understanding and treating human suffering. New York: Guilford.

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A., & Asnaani, A. (2012). Emotion dysregulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety,29(5), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.21888.CrossRefPubMed

Kashdan, T. B., Barrett, L. F., & McKnight, P. E. (2015). Unpacking emotion differentiation: Transforming unpleasant experience by perceiving distinctions in negativity. Current Directions in Psychological Science,24(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414550708.CrossRef

Kashdan, T. B., Farmer, A. S., Adams, L. M., Ferssizidis, P., McKnight, P. E., & Nezlek, J. B. (2013). Distinguishing healthy adults from people with social anxiety disorder: Evidence for the value of experiential avoidance and positive emotions in everyday social interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,122(3), 645–655. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032733.CrossRefPubMed

Kemp, A. H., Quintana, D. S., Gray, M. A., Felmingham, K. L., Brown, K., & Gatt, J. M. (2010). Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: A review and meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry,67(11), 1067–1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.012.CrossRefPubMed

Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., et al. (2003). The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication (NCS-R). JAMA,289(23), 3095–3105. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.23.3095.CrossRefPubMed

Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2012). Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,21(3), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1359.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kneeland, E. T., Dovidio, J. F., Joormann, J., & Clark, M. S. (2016). Emotion malleability beliefs, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: Integrating affective and clinical science. Clinical Psychology Review,45, 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.008.CrossRefPubMed

Kreibig, S. D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology,84(3), 394–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010.CrossRefPubMed

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010). The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: A systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry,32(4), 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006.CrossRefPubMed

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of Internal Medicine,146(5), 317. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004.CrossRefPubMed

Lavender, J. M., Tull, M. T., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., & Gratz, K. L. (2017). Development and validation of a state-based measure of emotion dysregulation: The state difficulties in emotion regulation scale (S-DERS). Assessment,24(2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115601218.CrossRefPubMed

Leahy, R. L. (2002). A model of emotional schemas. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice,9(3), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(02)80048-7.CrossRef

Leahy, R. L., Tirch, D. D., & Melwani, P. S. (2012). Processes underlying depression: Risk aversion, emotional schemas, and psychological flexibility. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy,5(4), 362–379. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2012.5.4.362.CrossRef

Leahy, R. L., Wupperman, P., Edwards, E., Shivaji, S., & Molina, N. (2019). Metacognition and emotional schemas: Effects on depression and anxiety. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy,12(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-018-0035-8.CrossRef

Levenson, R. W. (2003). Blood, sweat, and fears. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1000(1), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1280.016.CrossRefPubMed

Lobbestael, J., Leurgans, M., & Arntz, A. (2011). Inter-rater reliability of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID I) and axis II disorders (SCID II). Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy,18(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.693.CrossRef

Maffei, A., & Angrilli, A. (2019). Spontaneous blink rate as an index of attention and emotion during film clips viewing. Physiology & Behavior,204, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.037.CrossRef

Manser, R., Cooper, M., & Trefusis, J. (2012). Beliefs about emotions as a metacognitive construct: Initial development of a self-report questionnaire measure and preliminary investigation in relation to emotion regulation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy,19(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.745.CrossRef

Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2010). Emotion regulation as an integrative framework for understanding and treating psychopathology. Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 356–379). New York: Guilford Press.

Naragon-Gainey, K. (2010). Meta-analysis of the relations of anxiety sensitivity to the depressive and anxiety disorders. Psychological Bulletin,136(1), 128–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018055.CrossRefPubMed

Schwartz, A. R., Gerin, W., Davidson, K. W., Pickering, T. G., Brosschot, J. F., Thayer, J. F., et al. (2003). Toward a causal model of cardiovascular responses to stress and the development of cardiovascular disease. Psychosomatic Medicine,65(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000046075.79922.61.CrossRefPubMed

Silberstein, L. R., Tirch, D., Leahy, R. L., & McGinn, L. (2012). Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy,5(4), 406–419. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2012.5.4.406.CrossRef

Smidt, K. E., & Suvak, M. K. (2015). A brief, but nuanced, review of emotional granularity and emotion differentiation research. Current Opinion in Psychology,3, 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.007.CrossRef

Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine,166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.CrossRefPubMed

Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. JAMA,282(18), 1737–1744. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.18.1737.CrossRefPubMed

Spokas, M., Luterek, J. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2009). Social anxiety and emotional suppression: The mediating role of beliefs. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,40(2), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.12.004.CrossRefPubMed

Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J.-P., Lipponen, J. A., Ranta-aho, P. O., & Karjalainen, P. A. (2014). Kubios HRV—Heart rate variability analysis software. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,113(1), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024.CrossRefPubMed

Thayer, J. F., Åhs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers, J. J., & Wager, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,36(2), 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009.CrossRef

Tirch, D. D., Leahy, R. L., Silberstein, L. R., & Melwani, P. S. (2012). Emotional schemas, psychological flexibility, and anxiety: The role of flexible response patterns to anxious arousal. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy,5(4), 380–391. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2012.5.4.380.CrossRef

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063.CrossRefPubMed

Werner, K., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A conceptual framework. Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 13–37). New York: The Guilford Press.

Westphal, M., Leahy, R. L., Pala, A. N., & Wupperman, P. (2016). Self-compassion and emotional invalidation mediate the effects of parental indifference on psychopathology. Psychiatry Research,242, 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.040.CrossRefPubMed

Williams, D. P., Cash, C., Rankin, C., Bernardi, A., Koenig, J., & Thayer, J. F. (2015). Resting heart rate variability predicts self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation: A focus on different facets of emotion regulation. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00261.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yoon, S., Dang, V., Mertz, J., & Rottenberg, J. (2018). Are attitudes towards emotions associated with depression? A conceptual and meta-analytic review. Journal of Affective Disorders,232, 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.009.CrossRefPubMed

Zhang, X., Yu, H. W., & Barrett, L. F. (2014). How does this make you feel? A comparison of four affect induction procedures. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00689.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Bernstein, A., & Leyro, T. (2010). Distress tolerance: Theory, measurement, and relations to psychopathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science,19(6), 406–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410388642.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Beliefs About Emotions, Negative Meta-emotions, and Perceived Emotional Control During an Emotionally Salient Situation in Individuals with Emotional Disorders
Auteurs: Răzvan Predatu
Daniel O. David
Antonio Maffei
Publicatiedatum: 09-12-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10064-5

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2020

Specificity of Disgust in the Prediction of Behavioral Avoidance of Possible Contaminants

Valued Living in Daily Experience: Relations with Mindfulness, Meaning, Psychological Flexibility, and Stressors

Prior Beliefs About the Importance and Control of Thoughts are Predictive But Not Specific to Subsequent Intrusive Unwanted Thoughts and Neutralizing Behaviors

Comparing Mindfulness and Positivity Trainings in High-Demand Cohorts

A Situational Context Training for Socially Anxious Children

Choice Blindness, Confabulatory Introspection, and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms: Investigation in a Clinical Sample