Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10/2010

01-10-2010 | Original Paper

Behavior Problems, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Quality of Life for Older Adults With Intellectual Disability With and Without Autism

Auteurs: Vasiliki Totsika, David Felce, Michael Kerr, Richard P. Hastings

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 10/2010

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The evidence base on outcomes associated with autism in older adulthood is limited. The expected increase in the prevalence of older adults with autism highlights the need to describe their profiles and service needs. Adults 50 years or older with an intellectual disability (ID) and the triad of impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were compared to peers with ID only, and younger adults with ASD and ID. After accounting for ability differences, older adults with ASD did not differ from those with ID in terms of behavior problems, psychiatric disorder, and quality of life. Any differences in the skills of adults with ASD were associated with decreased adaptive skills, and not the presence of ASD per se.
Literatuur
go back to reference Acion, L., Peterson, J. J., Temple, S., & Arndt, S. (2006). Probabilistic index: An intuitive non-parametric approach to measuring the size of treatment effects. Statistics in Medicine, 25, 591–602.CrossRefPubMed Acion, L., Peterson, J. J., Temple, S., & Arndt, S. (2006). Probabilistic index: An intuitive non-parametric approach to measuring the size of treatment effects. Statistics in Medicine, 25, 591–602.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1986). The aberrant behavior checklist. New York: Slosson Educational Publications. Aman, M. G., & Singh, N. N. (1986). The aberrant behavior checklist. New York: Slosson Educational Publications.
go back to reference Barnard, J., Harvey, V., Potter, D., & Prior, A. (2001). Ignored or ineligible? The reality of adults with autism spectrum disorders. London: The National Autistic Society. Barnard, J., Harvey, V., Potter, D., & Prior, A. (2001). Ignored or ineligible? The reality of adults with autism spectrum disorders. London: The National Autistic Society.
go back to reference Baxter, H., Lowe, K., Houston, H., Jones, G., Felce, D., & Kerr, M. (2006). Previously unidentified morbidity in patients with intellectual disability. British Journal of General Practice, 56, 93–98.PubMed Baxter, H., Lowe, K., Houston, H., Jones, G., Felce, D., & Kerr, M. (2006). Previously unidentified morbidity in patients with intellectual disability. British Journal of General Practice, 56, 93–98.PubMed
go back to reference Beadle-Brown, J., Murphy, G., & DiTerlizzi, M. (2009). Quality of life for the Camberwell cohort. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22, 380–390.CrossRef Beadle-Brown, J., Murphy, G., & DiTerlizzi, M. (2009). Quality of life for the Camberwell cohort. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22, 380–390.CrossRef
go back to reference Bhaumik, S., Branford, D., McGrother, C., & Thorp, C. (1997). Autistic traits in adults with learning disabilities. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 502–506.CrossRefPubMed Bhaumik, S., Branford, D., McGrother, C., & Thorp, C. (1997). Autistic traits in adults with learning disabilities. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 502–506.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bhaumik, S., Tyrer, F. C., McGrother, C., & Ganghadaran, S. K. (2008). Psychiatric service use and psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52, 986–995.CrossRefPubMed Bhaumik, S., Tyrer, F. C., McGrother, C., & Ganghadaran, S. K. (2008). Psychiatric service use and psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52, 986–995.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Billsted, E., Gillberg, I. C., & Gillberg, C. (2007). Autism in adults: symptom patterns and early childhood predictors. Use of the DISCO in a community sample followed from childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 1102–1110.CrossRef Billsted, E., Gillberg, I. C., & Gillberg, C. (2007). Autism in adults: symptom patterns and early childhood predictors. Use of the DISCO in a community sample followed from childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 1102–1110.CrossRef
go back to reference Bradley, E. A., Summers, J. A., Wood, H. L., & Bryson, S. E. (2004). Comparing rates of psychiatric and behavior disorders in adolescents and young adults with severe intellectual disability with and without autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 151–161.CrossRefPubMed Bradley, E. A., Summers, J. A., Wood, H. L., & Bryson, S. E. (2004). Comparing rates of psychiatric and behavior disorders in adolescents and young adults with severe intellectual disability with and without autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 151–161.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cederlung, M., Hagberg, B., Billsted, E., Gillberg, I. C., & Gillberg, C. (2008). Asperger syndrome and autism: A comparative longitudinal follow-up study more than 5 years after original diagnosis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 72–85.CrossRef Cederlung, M., Hagberg, B., Billsted, E., Gillberg, I. C., & Gillberg, C. (2008). Asperger syndrome and autism: A comparative longitudinal follow-up study more than 5 years after original diagnosis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 72–85.CrossRef
go back to reference Charman, T. (2002). The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 249–256.CrossRefPubMed Charman, T. (2002). The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 249–256.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Davidson, P. W., Janicki, M. P., Ladrigan, P., Houser, K., Henderson, C. M., & Cain, N. N. (2003). Associations between behavior disorders and health status among older adults with intellectual disability. Aging & Mental Health, 7, 424–430.CrossRef Davidson, P. W., Janicki, M. P., Ladrigan, P., Houser, K., Henderson, C. M., & Cain, N. N. (2003). Associations between behavior disorders and health status among older adults with intellectual disability. Aging & Mental Health, 7, 424–430.CrossRef
go back to reference Eaves, L. C., & Ho, H. H. (2008). Young adult outcome of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 739–747.CrossRefPubMed Eaves, L. C., & Ho, H. H. (2008). Young adult outcome of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 739–747.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Felce, D., Jones, E., Lowe, K., & Perry, J. (2003). Rational resourcing and productivity: Relationships among staff input, resident characteristics and group home quality. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 108(3), 161–172.CrossRefPubMed Felce, D., Jones, E., Lowe, K., & Perry, J. (2003). Rational resourcing and productivity: Relationships among staff input, resident characteristics and group home quality. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 108(3), 161–172.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Felce, D., Kerr, M., & Hastings, R. P. (2009). A general-practice based of the relationship between indicators of mental illness and challenging behaviour among adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 53, 243–254.CrossRef Felce, D., Kerr, M., & Hastings, R. P. (2009). A general-practice based of the relationship between indicators of mental illness and challenging behaviour among adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 53, 243–254.CrossRef
go back to reference Felce, D., Lowe, K., & Jones, E. (2002). Association between the provision characteristics and operation of supported housing services and resident outcomes. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15, 404–418.CrossRef Felce, D., Lowe, K., & Jones, E. (2002). Association between the provision characteristics and operation of supported housing services and resident outcomes. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15, 404–418.CrossRef
go back to reference Felce, D., Lowe, K., Perry, J., Baxter, H., Jones, E., Hallam, A., et al. (1998). Service support to people in Wales with severe intellectual disability and the most severe challenging behaviours in Wales: Processes, outcomes and costs. Journal of Intellectual Disability Review, 42, 390–408.CrossRef Felce, D., Lowe, K., Perry, J., Baxter, H., Jones, E., Hallam, A., et al. (1998). Service support to people in Wales with severe intellectual disability and the most severe challenging behaviours in Wales: Processes, outcomes and costs. Journal of Intellectual Disability Review, 42, 390–408.CrossRef
go back to reference Felce, D., & Perry, J. (2007). Living with support in the community: Factors associated with quality-of-life outcome. In S. L. Odom, R. H. Horner, M. E. Snell, & J. Blacher (Eds.), Handbook of developmental disabilities (pp. 410–428). New York: Guilford Press. Felce, D., & Perry, J. (2007). Living with support in the community: Factors associated with quality-of-life outcome. In S. L. Odom, R. H. Horner, M. E. Snell, & J. Blacher (Eds.), Handbook of developmental disabilities (pp. 410–428). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Felce, D., Perry, J., Lowe, K., & Jones, E. (in press). The impact of autism or severe challenging behaviour on lifestyle outcome in community housing. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. Felce, D., Perry, J., Lowe, K., & Jones, E. (in press). The impact of autism or severe challenging behaviour on lifestyle outcome in community housing. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities.
go back to reference Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Baranek, G. C., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., et al. (1999). The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 439–484.CrossRefPubMed Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Baranek, G. C., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., et al. (1999). The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 439–484.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fombonne, E. (2005). The changing epidemiology of autism. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18, 281–294.CrossRef Fombonne, E. (2005). The changing epidemiology of autism. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18, 281–294.CrossRef
go back to reference Ganz, M. L. (2007). The lifetime distribution of the incremental societal costs of autism. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 161, 343–349.CrossRef Ganz, M. L. (2007). The lifetime distribution of the incremental societal costs of autism. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 161, 343–349.CrossRef
go back to reference Gerber, F., Baud, M. A., Giroud, M., & Carminati, G. C. (2008). Quality of life of adults with pervasive developmental disorders and intellectual disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1654–1665.CrossRefPubMed Gerber, F., Baud, M. A., Giroud, M., & Carminati, G. C. (2008). Quality of life of adults with pervasive developmental disorders and intellectual disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1654–1665.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hastings, R. P., & Mount, R. H. (2001). Early correlates of behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities: A preliminary study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14, 381–391.CrossRef Hastings, R. P., & Mount, R. H. (2001). Early correlates of behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities: A preliminary study. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14, 381–391.CrossRef
go back to reference Hefziba, L., Merrick, J., & Morad, M. (2008). Health status and ADL functioning of older persons with intellectual disability: Community residence versus residential care centers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29, 301–315.CrossRef Hefziba, L., Merrick, J., & Morad, M. (2008). Health status and ADL functioning of older persons with intellectual disability: Community residence versus residential care centers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29, 301–315.CrossRef
go back to reference Holden, B., & Gitlesen, J. P. (2006). A total population study of challenging behaviour in the county of Hedmark, Norway: Prevalence and risk markers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27, 456–465.CrossRefPubMed Holden, B., & Gitlesen, J. P. (2006). A total population study of challenging behaviour in the county of Hedmark, Norway: Prevalence and risk markers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27, 456–465.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Holmes, N., Shah, A., & Wing, L. (1982). The disability assessment schedule: A brief screening device for use with the mentally retarded. Psychological Medicine, 12, 879–890.CrossRefPubMed Holmes, N., Shah, A., & Wing, L. (1982). The disability assessment schedule: A brief screening device for use with the mentally retarded. Psychological Medicine, 12, 879–890.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Adult outcome for children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 212–229.CrossRefPubMed Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Adult outcome for children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 212–229.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jones, E., Felce, D., Lowe, K., Bowley, C., Pagler, J., Stong, G., et al. (2001). Evaluation of the dissemination of active support training and training trainers. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14, 79–99.CrossRef Jones, E., Felce, D., Lowe, K., Bowley, C., Pagler, J., Stong, G., et al. (2001). Evaluation of the dissemination of active support training and training trainers. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14, 79–99.CrossRef
go back to reference La Malfa, G., Lassi, M., Bertelli, R., Salvini, R., & Placidi, G. F. (2004). Autism and intellectual disability: A study of prevalence on a sample of the Italian population. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 262–267.CrossRefPubMed La Malfa, G., Lassi, M., Bertelli, R., Salvini, R., & Placidi, G. F. (2004). Autism and intellectual disability: A study of prevalence on a sample of the Italian population. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 262–267.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Matson, J. L. (1988). The psychopathology instrument for mentally retarded adults (PIMRA). Worthington, Ohio: International Diagnostic Systems. Matson, J. L. (1988). The psychopathology instrument for mentally retarded adults (PIMRA). Worthington, Ohio: International Diagnostic Systems.
go back to reference Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J., & Ancona, M. (2008). Autism in adults with severe intellectual disability: An empirical study of symptom presentation. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 33, 36–42.CrossRefPubMed Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J., & Ancona, M. (2008). Autism in adults with severe intellectual disability: An empirical study of symptom presentation. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 33, 36–42.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference McClintock, K., Hall, S., & Oliver, C. (2003). Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-analytic study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 405–416.CrossRefPubMed McClintock, K., Hall, S., & Oliver, C. (2003). Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-analytic study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 405–416.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Melville, C. A., Cooper, S. A., Morrison, J., Smiley, E., Allan, L., Jackson, A., et al. (2008). The prevalence and incidence of mental ill-health in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1676–1688.CrossRefPubMed Melville, C. A., Cooper, S. A., Morrison, J., Smiley, E., Allan, L., Jackson, A., et al. (2008). The prevalence and incidence of mental ill-health in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1676–1688.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Morgan, C. N., Roy, M., Nasr, A., Chance, P., Hand, M., Mlele, T., et al. (2002). A community survey establishing the prevalence rate of autistic disorder in adults with learning disability. Psychiatric Bulletin, 26, 127–130.CrossRef Morgan, C. N., Roy, M., Nasr, A., Chance, P., Hand, M., Mlele, T., et al. (2002). A community survey establishing the prevalence rate of autistic disorder in adults with learning disability. Psychiatric Bulletin, 26, 127–130.CrossRef
go back to reference Moss, S., Prosser, H., Costello, H., Simpson, N., Patel, P., Rowe, S., et al. (1998). Reliability and validity of the PAS-ADD checklist for detecting psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 173–183.CrossRefPubMed Moss, S., Prosser, H., Costello, H., Simpson, N., Patel, P., Rowe, S., et al. (1998). Reliability and validity of the PAS-ADD checklist for detecting psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 173–183.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mouridsen, S. E., Brønnum-Hansen, H., Rich, B., & Isager, T. (2008). Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: An update. Autism, 12, 403–414.CrossRefPubMed Mouridsen, S. E., Brønnum-Hansen, H., Rich, B., & Isager, T. (2008). Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: An update. Autism, 12, 403–414.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference National Autistic Society. (2008). I exist: The message from adults with autism in England. London: The National Autistic Society. National Autistic Society. (2008). I exist: The message from adults with autism in England. London: The National Autistic Society.
go back to reference Newcombe, R. G. (2006). Confidence intervals for an effect size measure based on the Mann-Whitney statistic. Part 2: Asymptotic methods and evaluation. Statistics in Medicine, 25, 559–573.CrossRefPubMed Newcombe, R. G. (2006). Confidence intervals for an effect size measure based on the Mann-Whitney statistic. Part 2: Asymptotic methods and evaluation. Statistics in Medicine, 25, 559–573.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Newschaffer, C. J., Croen, L. A., Daniels, J., Giarelli, E., Grether, J. K., Levy, S. E., et al. (2007). The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders. Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 235–258.CrossRefPubMed Newschaffer, C. J., Croen, L. A., Daniels, J., Giarelli, E., Grether, J. K., Levy, S. E., et al. (2007). The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders. Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 235–258.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Nihira, K., Leland, H., & Lambert, N. (1993). Adaptive behavior scale-residential and community version (2nd ed.). Austin, Texas: Pro-ed. Nihira, K., Leland, H., & Lambert, N. (1993). Adaptive behavior scale-residential and community version (2nd ed.). Austin, Texas: Pro-ed.
go back to reference Perry, J., & Felce, D. (2002). Subjective and objective quality of life assessment: Responsiveness, response bias, and resident: Proxy concordance. Mental Retardation, 40, 445–456.CrossRefPubMed Perry, J., & Felce, D. (2002). Subjective and objective quality of life assessment: Responsiveness, response bias, and resident: Proxy concordance. Mental Retardation, 40, 445–456.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Perry, J., & Felce, D. (2005). Factors associated with outcome in community group homes. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110, 121–135.CrossRefPubMed Perry, J., & Felce, D. (2005). Factors associated with outcome in community group homes. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110, 121–135.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Raynes, N. V. (1988). Annotated directory of measures of environmental quality for use in residential services for people with a mental handicap. Manchester: Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Manchester. Raynes, N. V. (1988). Annotated directory of measures of environmental quality for use in residential services for people with a mental handicap. Manchester: Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Manchester.
go back to reference Raynes, N., Wright, K., Shiell, A., & Pettipher, C. (1994). The cost and quality of community residential care: An evaluation of the services for adults with learning disabilities. London: Fulton. Raynes, N., Wright, K., Shiell, A., & Pettipher, C. (1994). The cost and quality of community residential care: An evaluation of the services for adults with learning disabilities. London: Fulton.
go back to reference Rutter, M. (2005). Incidence of autism spectrum disorders: Changes over time and their meaning. Acta Paediatrica, 94, 2–15.CrossRefPubMed Rutter, M. (2005). Incidence of autism spectrum disorders: Changes over time and their meaning. Acta Paediatrica, 94, 2–15.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Seltzer, M. M., Krauss, M. W., Shattuk, P. T., Orsmond, G., Swe, A., & Lord, C. (2003). The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 565–581.CrossRefPubMed Seltzer, M. M., Krauss, M. W., Shattuk, P. T., Orsmond, G., Swe, A., & Lord, C. (2003). The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 565–581.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Shah, A., Holmes, N., & Wing, L. (1982). Prevalence of autism and related conditions in adults in a mental handicap hospital. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 3, 303–317.CrossRefPubMed Shah, A., Holmes, N., & Wing, L. (1982). Prevalence of autism and related conditions in adults in a mental handicap hospital. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 3, 303–317.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Shattuck, P. T., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Orsmond, G. I., Bolt, D., Kring, S., et al. (2007). Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1735–1747.CrossRefPubMed Shattuck, P. T., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Orsmond, G. I., Bolt, D., Kring, S., et al. (2007). Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1735–1747.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Shavelle, R. M., Strauss, D. J., & Pickett, J. (2001). Causes of death in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 569–576.CrossRefPubMed Shavelle, R. M., Strauss, D. J., & Pickett, J. (2001). Causes of death in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 569–576.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tsakanikos, E., Costello, H., Holt, G., Bouras, N., Sturmey, P., & Newton, T. (2006). Psychopathology in adults with autism and intellectual disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 1123–1129.CrossRefPubMed Tsakanikos, E., Costello, H., Holt, G., Bouras, N., Sturmey, P., & Newton, T. (2006). Psychopathology in adults with autism and intellectual disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 1123–1129.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tyrer, F., McGrother, C. W., Thorp, C. F., Donaldson, M., Bhaumic, S., Warson, J. M., et al. (2006). Physical aggression towards others in adults with learning disabilities: Prevalence and associated factors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 295–304.CrossRefPubMed Tyrer, F., McGrother, C. W., Thorp, C. F., Donaldson, M., Bhaumic, S., Warson, J. M., et al. (2006). Physical aggression towards others in adults with learning disabilities: Prevalence and associated factors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 295–304.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Waterhouse, L., Wing, L., Spitzer, R., & Siegel, B. (1992). Pervasive developmental disorders: From DSM-III to DSM-III-R. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 525–549.CrossRefPubMed Waterhouse, L., Wing, L., Spitzer, R., & Siegel, B. (1992). Pervasive developmental disorders: From DSM-III to DSM-III-R. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 525–549.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979). Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: epidemiology and classification. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9, 11–29.CrossRefPubMed Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979). Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: epidemiology and classification. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9, 11–29.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Behavior Problems, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Quality of Life for Older Adults With Intellectual Disability With and Without Autism
Auteurs
Vasiliki Totsika
David Felce
Michael Kerr
Richard P. Hastings
Publicatiedatum
01-10-2010
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 10/2010
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0975-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 10/2010

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 10/2010 Naar de uitgave