Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

01-05-2011 | Original Paper

Atypical Disengagement from Faces and Its Modulation by the Control of Eye Fixation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Auteurs: Yukiko Kikuchi, Atsushi Senju, Hironori Akechi, Yoshikuni Tojo, Hiroo Osanai, Toshikazu Hasegawa

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 5/2011

Abstract

By using the gap overlap task, we investigated disengagement from faces and objects in children (9–17 years old) with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its neurophysiological correlates. In typically developing (TD) children, faces elicited larger gap effect, an index of attentional engagement, and larger saccade-related event-related potentials (ERPs), compared to objects. In children with ASD, by contrast, neither gap effect nor ERPs differ between faces and objects. Follow-up experiments demonstrated that instructed fixation on the eyes induces larger gap effect for faces in children with ASD, whereas instructed fixation on the mouth can disrupt larger gap effect in TD children. These results suggest a critical role of eye fixation on attentional engagement to faces in both groups.

vorige artikel Erratum to: Maternal Early Life Factors Associated with Hormone Levels and the Risk of Having a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Nurses Health Study II

volgende artikel Family Report of ASD Concomitant with Depression or Anxiety Among US Children

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) (4th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

Balaban, C. D., & Weinstein, J. M. (1985). The human pre-saccadic spike potential: Influences of a visual target, saccade direction, electrode laterality and instructions to perform saccades. Brain Research, 347, 49–57.PubMedCrossRef

Bentin, S., Allison, T., Puce, A., Perez, E., & McCarthey, G. (1996). Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans. Journal of Cognitive Neurosicence, 8, 551–565.CrossRef

Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A. (1999). Autism screening questionnaire: Diagnostic validity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 444–451.PubMedCrossRef

Bindemann, M., Burton, A. M., Hooge, I. T., Jenkins, R., & de Haan, E. H. F. (2005). Faces retain attention. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 1048–1053.CrossRef

Boraston, Z. L., Corden, B., Miles, L. K., Skuse, D. H., & Blakemore, S. (2008). Brief report: Perception of genuine and posed smiles by individuals with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 574–580.PubMedCrossRef

Brooks-Eidelberg, B. A., & Adler, G. (1992). A frontal cortical potential associated with saccades in humans. Experimental Brain Research, 89, 441–446.CrossRef

Bruce, V. (1988). Recognising faces. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Chawarska, K., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. (2003). Automatic attention cueing through eye movement in 2-year old children with autism. Child Development, 74, 1108–1122.PubMedCrossRef

Chawarska, K., & Shic, F. (2009). Looking but not seeing: Atypical visual scanning and recognition of faces in 2 and 4-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1663–1672.CrossRef

Chawarska, K., Volkmar, F., & Klin, A. (2010). Not a captive audience: attentional abnormalities in response to novel faces in toddlers with ASD. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 178–185.PubMedCrossRef

Csibra, G., Johnson, M. H., & Tucker, L. A. (1997). Attention and oculomotor control: A high-density ERP study of the gap effect. Neuropsychologia, 35, 855–865.PubMedCrossRef

Csibra, G., Tucker, L. A., & Johnson, M. H. (1998). Neural correlates of saccade planning in infants: A high-density ERP study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 29, 201–215.PubMedCrossRef

Csibra, G., Tucker, L. A., Volein, Á., & Johnson, M. H. (2000). Cortical development and saccade planning: The ontogeny of the spike potential. Neuro Report, 11, 1069–1073.

Dairoku, H., Senju, A., Hayashi, E., Tojo, Y., & Ichikawa, H. (2004). Development of Japanese version of autism screening questionnaire. Kokuritsu Tokushu Kyoiku Sougou Kenkyusho Bunshitsu Ippan Kenkyu Houkokusho, B-184, 19–34.

Dalton, K. M., Nacewicz, B. M., Johnstone, T., Schaefer, H. S., Gernsbacher, M. A., Goldsmith, H. H., et al. (2005). Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 519–526.PubMed

Dapretto, M., Davies, M., Pfeifer, J. H., Scott, A. A., Sigman, M., Bookhimer, S. Y., et al. (2006). Understanding emotions in others: Mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 28–30.

Dias, E. C., & Bruce, C. J. (1994). Physiological correlate of fixation disengagement in the primate’s frontal eye field. Journal of Neurophysiology, 72, 2532–2537.PubMed

Eimer, M. (1998). Does the face-specific N170 component reflect the activity of a specialized eye processor? Neurological Report, 9, 2945–2948.

Elsabbagh, M., Volein, A., Holmboe, K., Tucker, L., Csibra, G., Baron-Cohen, S., et al. (2009). Visual orienting in the early broader autism phenotype: Disengagement and facilitation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 637–642.PubMedCrossRef

Fischer, B., & Weber, H. (1993). Express saccades and visual attention. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 553–610.CrossRef

George, N., Evans, J., Fiori, N., Davidoff, J., & Renault, B. (1996). Brain events related to normal and moderately scrambled faces. Cognitive Brain Research, 4, 65–76.PubMedCrossRef

Goldberg, M. C., Lasker, A. G., Zee, D. S., Garth, E., Tien, A., & Landa, R. J. (2002). Deficits in the initiation of eye movements in the absence of a visual target in adolescents with high functioning autism. Neuropsychologia, 40, 2039–2049.PubMedCrossRef

Gómez, C., Atienza, M., Gómez, G. J., & Vázquez, M. (1996). Response latencies and event-related potentials during the gap paradigm using saccadic responses in human subjects. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 23, 91–99.PubMedCrossRef

Hadjikhani, N., Joseph, R. M., Snyder, J., Chabris, C. F., Clark, J., Steele, S., et al. (2004). Activation of the fusiform gyrus when individuals with autism spectrum disorder view faces. Neuroimage, 22, 1141–1150.PubMedCrossRef

Hadjikhani, N., Josephe, R. M., Snyder, J., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2007). Abnormal activation of the social brain during face perception in autism. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 441–449.PubMedCrossRef

Humphreys, G. W., Hodsoll, J., & Campbell, C. (2005). Attending but not seeing: The “other race” effect in face and person perception studied through change blindness. Visual Cognition, 12, 249–262.CrossRef

Itier, R., & Batty, M. (2009). Neural bases of eye and gaze processing: The core of social cognition. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33, 843–863.PubMedCrossRef

Japanese WISC-III Publication Committee. (1998). Nihonban WISC-III chinou kensahou (Japanese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (3rd ed.). Tokyo: Nihon Bunka Kagakusha.

Jemel, B., Mottorn, L., & Dawson, M. (2006). Impaired face processing in autism: Face or artifact? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 91–106.PubMedCrossRef

Johnson, M. H. (2005). Subcortical face processing. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 766–774.

Jones, W., Carr, K., & Klin, A. (2008). Absence of preferential looking to the eyes of approaching adults predicts level of social disability in 2-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 946–954.PubMedCrossRef

Junchöfer, M., Elbert, T., Tucker, D. M., & Rockstroh, B. (2000). Statistical control of artefacts in sense array EEG/MEG studies. Psychophysiology, 37, 523–532.CrossRef

Kawakubo, Y., Kasai, K., Okazaki, S., Hosokawa-Kakurai, M., Watanabe, K., Kuwabara, H., et al. (2007). Electrophysiological abnormalities of spatial attention in adults with autism during the gap overlap task. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 1464–1471.PubMedCrossRef

Kawakubo, Y., Maekawa, H., Itoh, K., Hashimoto, O., & Iwanami, A. (2004). Spatial attention in individuals with pervasive developmental disorders using the gap overlap task. Psychiatry Research, 125, 269–275.PubMedCrossRef

Kemner, C., Schuller, A.-M., & van Engeland, H. (2006). Electrocortical reflections of face and gaze processing in children with pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1063–1072.PubMedCrossRef

Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., & Cohen, D. (2002). Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 809–816.PubMedCrossRef

Kurtzberg, D., & Vaughan, H. G., Jr. (1982). Topographic analysis of human cortical potentials preceding self-initiated and visually triggered saccades. Brain Research, 243, 1–9.PubMedCrossRef

Kylliäinen, A., & Hietanen, J. K. (2006). Skin conductance responses to another person’s gaze in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 517–525.PubMedCrossRef

Landry, R., & Bryson, S. E. (2004). Impaired disengagement of attention in young children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1115–1122.PubMedCrossRef

Langton, S. R. H., Law, A. S., Burton, A. M., & Schweinberger, S. R. (2008). Attention capture by faces. Cognition, 107, 330–342.PubMedCrossRef

Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian neutral faces (JACNeuF) [CD]. San Francisco: San Francisco State University.

McPartland, J., Dawson, G., Webb, S. J., Panagiotides, H., & Carver, L. J. (2004). Event-related brain potentials reveal anomalies in temporal processing of faces in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1235–1245.PubMedCrossRef

Morris, J. P., Pelphrey, K. A., & McCarthy, G. (2007). Controlled scanpath variation alters fusiform face activation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2, 31–38.PubMedCrossRef

Munoz, D. P., & Everlaing, S. (2004). Look away: The anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye movement. Nature Neurosicence, 5, 218–228.CrossRef

Munoz, D. P., & Wurtz, R. H. (1992). Role of the rostal superior colliculus in active visual fixation and execution of express saccades. Journal of Neurophysiology, 63, 1417–1428.

Nacewicz, B. M., Dalton, K. M., Johnstone, T., Long, M. T., McAuliff, E. M., Oakes, T. R., et al. (2006). Amygdala volume and nonverbal social impairment in adoloscent and adult males with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 809–816.

Nation, K., & Penny, S. (2008). Sensitivity to eye gaze in autism: Is it normal? Is it automatic? Is it social? Development and Psychopathology, 20, 79–97.PubMedCrossRef

Norbury, C. F., Brock, J., Cragg, L., Einav, S., Griffiths, H., & Nation, K. (2009). Eye-movement patterns are associated with communicative competence in autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 834–842.PubMedCrossRef

O’Connor, K., Hamm, J. P., & Kirk, I. J. (2005). The neurophysiological correlates of face processing in adults and children with Asperger’s syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 59, 82–95.PubMedCrossRef

O’Connor, K., Hamm, J. P., & Kirk, I. J. (2007). Neurophysiological responses to face, facial regions, and objects in adults with Asperger’s syndrome: An ERP investigateion. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63, 283–293.PubMedCrossRef

Osterling, J. A., Dawson, G., & Munson, J. A. (2002). Early recognition of 1-year-old infants with autism spectrum disorder versus mental retardation. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 239–251.PubMedCrossRef

Palermo, R., & Rhodes, G. (2003). Change detection in the flicker paradigm: Do faces have an advantage? Visual Cognition, 10, 683–713.CrossRef

Pelphrey, K. A., Sasson, N. J., Reznick, J. S., Paul, G., Goldman, B. D., & Piven, J. (2002). Visual scanning of faces in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 249–261.PubMedCrossRef

Posner, M. I., Walker, J. A., Friedrich, F. J., & Rafal, R. D. (1984). Effects of parietal injury on covert orienting of attention. The Journal of Neuroscience, 4, 1863–1874.PubMed

Ro, T., Friggel, A., & Lavie, N. (2007). Attentional biases for faces and body parts. Visual Cognition, 15, 322–348.CrossRef

Ro, T., Russell, C., & Lavie, N. (2001). Changing faces: A detection advantage in the flicker paradigm. Psychological Science, 12, 94–99.PubMedCrossRef

Rutherford, M. D., & Towns, A. M. (2008). Scan path differences and similarities during emotion perception in those with and without autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1371–1381.PubMedCrossRef

Saslow, M. G. (1967). Effects of components of displacement step stimuli upon latency for saccadic eye movements. Journal of Optical Society of America, 57, 1024–1029.CrossRef

Sasson, N. J. (2006). The development of face processing in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 381–394.PubMedCrossRef

Senju, A., & Johnson, M. H. (2009a). Atypical eye contact in autism: Models, mechanisms and development. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33, 1204–1214.PubMedCrossRef

Senju, A., & Johnson, M. H. (2009b). The eye contact effect: Mechanisms and development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 127–134.PubMedCrossRef

Simons, D. J., & Rensink, R. A. (2005). Change blindness: Past, present, and future. Trends in cognitive Sciences, 9, 16–20.PubMedCrossRef

Sterling, L., Dawson, G., Webb, S., Murias, M., Munson, J., Panagiotides, H., et al. (2008). The role of face familiarity in eye tracking of faces by individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1666–1675.PubMedCrossRef

Swettenham, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Charman, T., Cox, A., Baird, G., Drew, A., et al. (1998). The frequency and distribution of spontaneous attention shifts between social and non social stimuli in autistic, typically developing, and nonautistic developmentally delayed infants. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 747–753.PubMedCrossRef

Taylor, M. J., Batty, M., & Itier, R. J. (2004). The faces of development: A review of early face processing over childhood. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 1426–1442.PubMedCrossRef

Taylor, M. J., Itier, R. J., Allison, T., & Edmonds, G. E. (2001). Direction of gaze effects on early face processing: Eyes-only versus full faces. Cognitive Brain Research, 10, 333–340.PubMedCrossRef

Theeuwes, J., & Van der Stigchel, S. (2006). Faces capture attention: Evidence from inhibition of return. Visual Cognition, 13, 657–665.CrossRef

Van der Geest, J. N., Kemner, C., Camfferman, G., Verbaten, M. N., & van Engeland, H. (2001). Eye movements, visual attention and autism: A saccadic reaction time study using the gap and overlap paradigm. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 614–619.PubMedCrossRef

Van der Geest, J. N., Kemner, C., Verbaten, M. N., & van Engeland, H. (2002). Gaze behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder toward human faces: a fixation time study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 449–478.CrossRef

VanRullen, R. (2006). On second glance: Still no high-level pop-out effect for faces. Vision Research, 46, 3017–3027.PubMedCrossRef

Wechsler, D. (1992). Wechsler intelligence scale for children (3rd ed.). London: Psychological Corporation.

Wojciulik, E., Kanwisher, N., & Driver, J. (1998). Covert visual attention modulates face-specific activity in the human fusiform gyrus: fMRI study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 79, 1574–1578.PubMed

Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005). Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23, 143–152.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Atypical Disengagement from Faces and Its Modulation by the Control of Eye Fixation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Auteurs: Yukiko Kikuchi
Atsushi Senju
Hironori Akechi
Yoshikuni Tojo
Hiroo Osanai
Toshikazu Hasegawa
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2011
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 5/2011
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1082-z

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2011

Bridging the Research-to-Practice Gap in Autism Intervention: An Application of Diffusion of Innovation Theory

The Construction and Validation of an Abridged Version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Short)

Erratum to: Maternal Early Life Factors Associated with Hormone Levels and the Risk of Having a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Nurses Health Study II

Executive Function Mechanisms of Theory of Mind

Promoting Imitation in Young Children with Autism: A Comparison of Reciprocal Imitation Training and Video Modeling

Mothers of Children with Developmental Disorders in the Bedouin Community in Israel: Family Functioning, Caregiver Burden, and Coping Abilities