Top

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

01-03-2007 | Original Paper

Atypical Categorical Perception in Autism: Autonomy of Discrimination?

Auteurs: Isabelle Soulières, Laurent Mottron, Daniel Saumier, Serge Larochelle

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 3/2007

Abstract

A diminished top-down influence has been proposed in autism, to account for enhanced performance in low-level perceptual tasks. Applied to perceptual categorization, this hypothesis predicts a diminished influence of category on discrimination. In order to test this hypothesis, we compared categorical perception in 16 individuals with and 16 individuals without high-functioning autism. While participants with and without autism displayed a typical classification curve, there was no facilitation of discrimination near the category boundary in the autism group. The absence of influence of categorical knowledge on discrimination suggests an increased autonomy of low-level perceptual processes in autism, in the form of a reduced top-down influence from categories toward discrimination.

vorige artikel Studying the Emergence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in High-risk Infants: Methodological and Practical Issues

volgende artikel The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children’s Version in Japan: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

This interpretation has been suggested to us by Michelle Dawson, an autistic researcher

Aldrich, J. H., & Nelson, F. D. (1984). Linear probability, logit, and probit models. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

Ashby, F. G., Alfonso-Reese, L. A., Turken, A. U., & Waldron, A. M. (1998). A neuropsychological theory of multiple systems in category learning. Psychological Review, 105, 442–481. PubMedCrossRef

Bar, M. (2003). A cortical mechanism for triggering top-down facilitation in visual object recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 600–609. PubMedCrossRef

Bonnel, A. C., Mottron, L., Peretz, I., Trudel, M., Gallun, E., & Bonnel, A. M. (2003). Enhanced pitch sensitivity in individuals with autism: A signal detection analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 226–235. PubMedCrossRef

Bornstein, M. H., & Korda, N. O. (1984). Discrimination and matching within and between hues measured by reaction times: Some implications for categorical perception and levels of information processing. Psychological Research, 46, 207–222. PubMedCrossRef

Bowler, D. M., Matthews, N. J., & Gardiner, J. M. (1997). Asperger’s syndrome and memory: Similarity to autism but not amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 35, 65–70. PubMedCrossRef

Bruner, J. S., Goodnow, J. J., & Austin, G. A. (1956). A study of thinking. Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.

Bülthoff, I., & Newell, F. N. (2004). Categorical perception of sex occurs in familiar but not unfamiliar faces. Visual Cognition, 11, 823–855. CrossRef

Calder, A. J., Young, A. W., Perrett, D. I., Etcoff, N. L., & Rowland, D. (1996). Categorical perception of morphed facial expressions. Visual Cognition, 3, 81–117.

Casanova, M. F., Buxhoeveden, D, & Gomez, J. (2003). Disruption in the inhibitory architecture of the cell minicolumn: implications for autism. Neuroscientist, 9, 496–507. PubMedCrossRef

Cienfuegos, A., March, L., Shelley, A.-M., & Javitt, D. C. (1999). Impaired categorical perception of synthetic speech sounds in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 82–88. PubMedCrossRef

Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 8, 240–247. CrossRef

Erickson, M. A., & Kruschke, J. K. (1998). Rules and exemplars in category learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 107–140. CrossRef

Etcoff, N. L., & Magee, J. J. (1992). Categorical perception of facial expressions. Cognition, 44, 227–240. PubMedCrossRef

Frith, C. (2003). What do imaging studies tell us about the neural basis of autism? Novartis Foundation Symposium, 251, 149–166. PubMed

Frith, U. (2003). Autism: Explaining the enigma. (2nd edition). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

Frith, U., & Snowling, M. (1983). Reading for meaning and reading for sound in autistic and dyslexic children. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 329–342.

Goldstone, R. L. (1998). Perceptual learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 585–612. PubMedCrossRef

Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York: Wiley.

Grossberg, S. (1999). The link between brain learning, attention, and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 8, 1–44. PubMedCrossRef

Happé, F. (1997). Central coherence and theory of mind: Reading homographs in context. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15, 1–12.

Harnad, S. (1987). Categorical perception: The groundwork of cognition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Harnad, S. (2003). Categorical perception. Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Nature Publishing group/Macmillan.

Hermelin, B., & O’Connor, N. (1970). Psychological experiments with autistic children. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Joliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). A test of central coherence theory: linguistic processing in high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger’s syndrome: Is local coherence impaired?. Cognition, 71, 149–185. CrossRef

Just, M. A., Cherkassky, V. L., Keller, T. A., & Minshew, N. J. (2004). Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: evidence of underconnectivity. Brain, 127, 1811–1821. PubMedCrossRef

Klinger, L. G., & Dawson, G. (2001). Prototype formation in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 111–124. PubMedCrossRef

Koshino, H., Carpenter, P. A., Minshew, N. J., Cherkassky, V. L., Keller, T. A., & Just, M. A. (2005). Functional connectivity in an fMRI working memory task in high-functioning autism. Neuroimage, 24, 810–21. PubMedCrossRef

Kugler, B. T., & Caudrey, D. J. (1983). Phoneme discrimination in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 53–59. PubMedCrossRef

Kuhl, P. K., & Padden, D. M. (1982). Enhanced discriminability at the phonetic boundaries for the voicing feature in macaques. Perception & Psychophysics, 32, 542–550.

Levin, D. T., & Beale, J. M. (2000). Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces. Perception and psychophysics, 62, 386–401. PubMed

Liberman, A. M. (1996). Speech: A special code. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Hoffman, H. S., & Griffith, B. C. (1957). The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 358–368. PubMedCrossRef

Lopez, B., & Leekam, S. R. (2003). Do children with autism fail to process information in context. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 285–300. PubMedCrossRef

Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H. Jr, Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C. et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205–223. PubMedCrossRef

Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnosis interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685. PubMedCrossRef

Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: A user’s guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. (1978). Context theory of classification learning. Psychological Review, 85, 207–238. CrossRef

Medin, D. L., & Smith, E. E. (1984). Concepts and concept formation. Annual Review of Psychology, 35, 113–138. CrossRef

Moleswoth, C. J., Bowler, D. M., & Hampton, J. A. (2005). The prototype effect in recognition memory: Intact in autism? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 661–672. CrossRef

Mottron, L., & Burack, J. A. (2001). Enhanced perceptual functioning in the development of autism. In J. A. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. R. Zelazo, (Eds), The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research. (pp. 131–148). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Mottron, L., Burack, J. A., Iarocci, G., Belleville, S., & Enns, J. T. (2003). Locally oriented perception and intact global processing among adolescents with high-functioning autism: evidence from multiple paradigms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 1–10. CrossRef

Mottron, L., Morasse, K., & Belleville, S. (2001). A study of memory functioning in individuals with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 253–260. PubMedCrossRef

Newell, F. N., & Bülthoff, H. H. (2002). Categorical perception of familiar objects. Cognition, 85, 113–143. PubMedCrossRef

Nosofsky, R. M., & Johansen, M. K. (2000). Exemplar-based accounts of “multiple-system” phenomena in perceptual categorization. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, 375–402.

Nosofsky, R. M. (1986). Attention, similarity, and the identification categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 39–57. CrossRef

O’Riordan, M. A., & Plaisted, K. (2001). Enhanced discrimination in autism. The Quarterly Journal of experimental psychology, 54A, 961–979.

Pevtzow, R., & Harnad, S. (1997). Warping similarity space in category learning by human subjects: The role of task difficulty. In M. Ramscar, U. Hahn, E. Cambouropolos, & H. Pain (Eds), Proceedings of SimCat 1997: Interdisciplinary Workshop on Similarity and Categorization. (pp. 189–195). Department of Artificial Intelligence, Edinburgh University.

Plaisted, K. (2001). Reduced generalization: An alternative to weak central coherence. In J. A. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. R. Zelazo, (Eds), The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research. (pp. 149–169). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Plaisted, K., O’Riordan, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1998). Enhanced discrimination of novel, highly similar stimuli by adults with autism during a perceptual learning task. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 765–775. PubMedCrossRef

Quinn, P. (2004). Visual perception of orientation is categorical near vertical and continuous near horizontal. Perception, 33, 897–906. PubMedCrossRef

Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2002). Shape constancy in autism: The role of prior knowledge and perspective cues. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(5), 647–653. PubMedCrossRef

Rosch, E. (1975a). Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 192–233. CrossRef

Rosch, E. (1975b). Cognitive reference points. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 532–547. CrossRef

Rosch, E., & Mervis, C. B. (1975). Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 573–605. CrossRef

Rossion, B., Schiltz, C., Robaye, L., Pirenne, D., & Crommelinck, M. (2001). How does the brain discriminate familiar and unfamiliar faces?: A PET Study of face categorical perception. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 1019–1034. PubMedCrossRef

Saumier, D., Chertkow, H., Arguin, M., & Renfrew, J. (in revision). Perceptual categorization in Alzheimer’s disease.

Saumier, D., Chertkow, H., Arguin, M., & Whatmough, C. (2005). Establishing visual category boundaries between objects: A PET study. Brain & Cognition, 59, 299–302. CrossRef

Serniclaes, W., Sprenger-Charolles, L., Carre, R., & Demonet, J. F. (2001). Perceptual discrimination of speech sounds in developmental dyslexia. Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 44, 384–399. CrossRef

Tager-Flusberg, H. (1991). Semantic processing in the free recall of autistic children: Further evidence for a cognitive deficit. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 417–430.

Teunisse, J. P., & de Gelder, B. (2001). Impaired categorical perception of facial expressions in high-functioning adolescents with autism. Child Neuropsychology, 7, 1–14. PubMed

Titel: Atypical Categorical Perception in Autism: Autonomy of Discrimination?
Auteurs: Isabelle Soulières
Laurent Mottron
Daniel Saumier
Serge Larochelle
Publicatiedatum: 01-03-2007
Uitgeverij: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 3/2007
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0172-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2007

Orientation and Affective Expression Effects on Face Recognition in Williams Syndrome and Autism

Using Virtual Environments for Teaching Social Understanding to 6 Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Physical Illness, Pain, and Problem Behavior in Minimally Verbal People with Developmental Disabilities

Regression Versus No Regression in the Autistic Disorder: Developmental Trajectories

Temporal Coordination of Joint Attention Behavior in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

What Facilitates Social Engagement in Preschool Children with Autism?