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30-03-2020 | Original Article

Attentional networks functioning and vigilance in expert musicians and non-musicians

Auteurs: Rafael Román-Caballero, Elisa Martín-Arévalo, Juan Lupiáñez

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 3/2021

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Abstract

Previous literature has shown cognitive improvements related to musical training. Attention is one cognitive aspect in which musicians exhibit improvements compared to non-musicians. However, previous studies show inconsistent results regarding certain attentional processes, suggesting that benefits associated with musical training appear only in some processes. The present study aimed to investigate the attentional and vigilance abilities in expert musicians with a fine-grained measure: the ANTI-Vea (ANT for Interactions and Vigilance—executive and arousal components; Luna et al. in J Neurosci Methods 306:77–87, https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jneumeth.​2018.​05.​011, 2018). This task allows measuring the functioning of the three Posner and Petersen’s networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control) along with two different components of vigilance (executive and arousal vigilance). Using propensity-score matching, 49 adult musicians (18–35 years old) were matched in an extensive set of confounding variables with a control group of 49 non-musicians. Musicians showed advantages in processing speed and in the two components of vigilance, with some specific aspects of musicianship such as years of practice or years of lessons correlating with these measures. Although these results should be taken with caution, given its correlational nature, one possible explanation is that musical training can specifically enhance some aspects of attention. Nevertheless, our correlational design does not allow us to rule out other possibilities such as the presence of cognitive differences prior to the onset of training. Moreover, the advantages were observed in an extra-musical context, which suggests that musical training could transfer its benefits to cognitive processes loosely related to musical skills. The absence of effects in executive control, frequently reported in previous literature, is discussed based on our extensive control of confounds.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Attentional networks functioning and vigilance in expert musicians and non-musicians
Auteurs
Rafael Román-Caballero
Elisa Martín-Arévalo
Juan Lupiáñez
Publicatiedatum
30-03-2020
Uitgeverij
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01323-2