Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-10-2011 | Original Article

Attentional and Memory Biases Among Weight Dissatisfied Young Women: Evidence from a Dichotic Listening Paradigm

Auteurs: Ou Li, Todd Jackson, Hong Chen

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2011

Abstract

This study investigated attentional and memory biases within the auditory domain among emerging adult women with high levels of fatness and weight concern. A sample of 116 Chinese undergraduate women screened into groups high and low in self-reported weight dissatisfaction engaged in a dichotic listening task. Participants were instructed to shadow (repeat aloud) neutral passages in the attended ear and respond to visual probes, while ignoring distractors (fat, thin, or neutral words) in the unattended ear. Results indicated that weight dissatisfied women made more shadowing errors in the presence of both fat and thin distractor words compared to weight satisfied women, although groups did not differ in error rates for neutral words. Weight dissatisfied women were also more likely to falsely recognize newly introduced fat words as familiar in a subsequent word recognition task. These effects were maintained after controlling for group differences in body mass index. Findings suggest selective information processing biases related to weight concerns extend to the auditory realm.

vorige artikel Attention Allocation and Incidental Recognition of Emotional Information in Dysphoria

volgende artikel If-Then Plans Benefit Delay of Gratification Performance in Children With and Without ADHD

The main analyses were subsequently repeated, controlling for weight satisfaction group differences in BMI to clarify the extent to which observed effects were a function of level of weight satisfaction versus BMI. Interaction effects for shadowing errors, F (2, 224) = 4.04, P < .05, η² = 0.11, and probe reaction times, F (2, 224) = 0.35, P > .05, η² = 0.07, were replicated, as were weight satisfaction group differences in shadowing errors, F (1, 112) = 10.72, P < .01, η² = 0.08, and recall accuracy of novel fat words, F (1, 111) = 4.12, P < .05, η² = 0.10. Conversely, neither the main effect of weight satisfaction group on probe reaction times, F (1, 112) = 3.62, P > .05, η² = 0.08, nor main effects of wordlist on shadowing errors, F (2, 224) = 1.98, P > .05, η² = 0.09, and probe reaction times, F (2, 224) = 2.60, P > .05, η² = 0.09, remained significant when BMI served as a covariate.

Baker, J. D., Williamson, D. A., & Sylve, C. (1995). Body image disturbance, memory bias and body dysphoria: Effects of negative mood induction. Behavioral Therapy, 26, 747–759.CrossRef

Cassin, S. E., Ranson, K. M. V., & Whiteford, S. (2008). Cognitive processing of body and appearance words as a function of thin-ideal internalization and schematic activation. Body Image, 5, 271–278.PubMedCrossRef

Chen, H., & Jackson, T. (2005). Are cognitive biases associated with body image concerns similar between cultures? Body Image, 2, 177–186.PubMedCrossRef

Chen, H., & Jackson, T. (2006). Differential processing of self-referenced versus other-referenced body information among American and Chinese young adults with body image concerns. Eating Behaviors, 7, 152–160.PubMed

Chen, H., & Jackson, T. (2007). Stability of body image concerns among Chinese adolescents: Nine-month test-retest reliabilities of the Negative Physical Self Scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 105, 677–680.PubMed

Chen, H., Jackson, T., & Huang, X. (2006). Initial development and validation of the Negative Physical Self Scale among Chinese adolescents and young adults. Body Image, 3, 401–412.PubMedCrossRef

Cooper, M., & Todd, G. (1997). Selective processing of three types of stimuli in eating disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 279–281.PubMedCrossRef

Davidson, E. J., & Wright, P. (2002). Selective processing of shape and weight-related words in bulimia nervosa: Use of a computerized Stroop test. Eating Behaviors, 3, 261–273.PubMedCrossRef

Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, P. J., Cooper, M. J., McKenna, F. P., & Anastasiades, P. (1991). Selective information processing in bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(4), 415–422.CrossRef

Geller, J., Johnson, C., & Madsen, K. (1997). The role of shape and weight in self-concept: The shape and weight-based self-esteem inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 5–24.CrossRef

Gillen, M. M., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (2009). Emerging adults’ perceptions of messages about physical appearance. Body Image, 6, 178–185.PubMedCrossRef

Gortmaker, S. L., Must, A., Perrin, J. M., et al. (1993). Social and economic consequences of being overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1008–1012.PubMedCrossRef

Green, M., McKenna, F. P., & De Silva, M. S. L. (1994). Habituation patterns to color naming of eating-related stimuli in anorexics and non-clinical controls. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 490–508.CrossRef

Hermans, D., Pieters, G., & Eelen, P. (1998). Implicit and explicit memory for shape, body weight and food-related words in patients with Anorexia and non-dieting controls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 193–202.PubMedCrossRef

Hoffman, J. M., & Brownell, K. D. (1997). Sex differences in the relationship of body fat distribution with psychosocial variables. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 139–145.PubMedCrossRef

Israeli, A. L., & Stewart, S. H. (2001). Memory bias for forbidden food cues in restrained eaters. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 25, 37–49.CrossRef

Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2008a). Predicting changes in eating disorder symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A nine month prospective study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 87–95.PubMedCrossRef

Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2008b). Changes in eating disorder symptoms among adolescent girls and boys in China: An 18 month prospective study. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 874–885.CrossRef

Janssen, I., Craig, W., Boyce, W., & Pickett, W. (2004). Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behavior in school-aged children. Pediatrics, 113, 1187–1195.PubMedCrossRef

Johansson, L., Ghaderil, A., Hällgren, M., & Andersson, G. (2008). Implicit memory bias for eating and body appearance-related sentences in eating disorders: An application of Jacoby’s white noise task. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37, 135–145.PubMedCrossRef

Jones-Chesters, M. H., Monsell, S., & Cooper, P. J. (1998). The disorder-salient Stroop effect as a measure of psychopathology in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24, 65–82.PubMedCrossRef

King, G. A., Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (1991). Cognitive aspects of dietary restraint: Effects on person memory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10, 313–321.CrossRef

Lee, M., & Shafran, R. (2004). Information processing biases in eating disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 215–238.PubMedCrossRef

Lovell, D., Williams, J. M. G., & Hill, A. B. (1997). Selective processing of shape related words in women with eating disorders and those who have recovered. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 421–432.PubMedCrossRef

Myers, A., & Rosen, J. (1999). Obesity stigmatization and coping: Relation to mental health symptoms, body image, and self esteem. International Journal of Obesity, 23, 221–231.PubMedCrossRef

Osorio, L. C., Cohen, M., Escobar, S. E., Salkowski-Bartlett, A., & Compton, R. J. (2003). Selective attention to stressful distractors: Effects of neuroticism and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 831–844.CrossRef

Rieger, E., Schotte, D. E., Touyz, S. W., Beumont, P. J. V., Griffiths, R., & Russel, J. (1998). Attentional biases in eating disorders: A visual probe detection procedure. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 199–205.PubMedCrossRef

Rogers, T. B., Rogers, P. J., & Kuiper, N. A. (1979). Evidence for the self as a cognitive prototype: The “false alarms effect”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 53–56.CrossRef

Sackville, T., Schotte, D. E., Touyz, S. W., Griffiths, R., & Beaumont, P. J. V. (1998). Conscious and preconscious processing of food, body weight and shape, and emotion-related words in women with anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 77–82.PubMedCrossRef

Schotte, D. E., McNally, R. J., & Turner, M. L. (1990). A dichotic listening analysis of body weight concern in bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 109–113.CrossRef

Stice, E., & Whitenton, K. (2002). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls: A longitudinal investigation. Developmental Psychology, 38, 669–678.PubMedCrossRef

Striegel-Moore, R. H., Silberstein, L. R., & Rodin, J. (1986). Toward an understanding of risk factors for bulimia. American Psychologist, 41, 246–263.PubMedCrossRef

Treisman, A., & Geffen, G. (1967). Selective attention: Perception or response? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19, 1–16.PubMed

Vitousek, K. B., & Hollon, S. D. (1990). The investigation of schematic content and processing in eating disorders. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 14, 191–214.CrossRef

Vitousek, K. B., & Orimoto, L. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral models of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity. In K. S. Dobson & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), Psychopathology and cognition (pp. 191–242). San Diego: Academic Press.

Williamson, D. A. (1996). Body image disturbance in eating disorders: A form of cognitive bias. Eating Disorders, 4, 47–58.CrossRef

Williamson, D. A., Muller, S., Reas, D., & Thaw, J. (1999). Cognitive bias in eating disorders: Implications for theory and treatment. Behavior Modification, 23, 556–577.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Attentional and Memory Biases Among Weight Dissatisfied Young Women: Evidence from a Dichotic Listening Paradigm
Auteurs: Ou Li
Todd Jackson
Hong Chen
Publicatiedatum: 01-10-2011
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2011
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-010-9312-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2011

Attention Allocation and Incidental Recognition of Emotional Information in Dysphoria

Therapeutic Alliance in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Schizophrenia: Association with History of Sexual Assault

Heart Rate Variability Predicts Cognitive Reactivity to a Sad Mood Provocation

Clinical Correlates and Treatment Response of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Auxiliary Items

Dysphoria and the Immediate Interpretation of Ambiguity: Evidence for a Negative Interpretive Bias in Error Rates But Not Response Latencies

If-Then Plans Benefit Delay of Gratification Performance in Children With and Without ADHD