Top

Gepubliceerd in:

03-01-2023 | Original Article

Associations Between Parents’ Cognitions About Child Anxiety and Emotion Dysregulation in Clinically Anxious Children: The Unique Contribution of Fathers

Auteurs: Nur Islamiah, Sonja Breinholst, Monika A. Walczak

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 5/2024

Abstract

This study examined the influence of parental cognition, including attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of anxiety, on emotion dysregulation in children with anxiety disorder. A total of 47 clinically anxious children (6–17 years old) and their parents were involved in the current study. The mothers and fathers separately completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing their attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of their children’s anxiety, while the children completed a self-report questionnaire assessing emotion dysregulation. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used for data analysis. The results indicated that only fathers’ higher levels of unhelpful attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of anxiety were positively and significantly associated with greater emotion regulation (ER) difficulties in anxious children. Furthermore, fathers’ unhelpful cognitions regarding anxiety uniquely predicted their children’s emotion regulation difficulties. These findings highlight the importance of including fathers in preventive and therapeutic interventions in promoting ER abilities in children with anxiety disorder.

vorige artikel Anger Outbursts in Youth with ASD and Anxiety: Phenomenology and Relationship with Family Accommodation

volgende artikel Understanding the Impact of Home Confinement on Children and Young People with ADHD and ASD During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Merikangas KR, He JP, Brody D, Fisher PW, Bourdon K, Koretz DS (2010) Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among US children in the 2001–2004. NHANES Pediatr 125(1):75–81CrossRef

Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA (2015) Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 56(3):345–365CrossRef

Woodward LJ, Fergusson DM (2001) Life Course Outcomes of Young People. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40(9):1086–1093PubMedCrossRef

Machell KA, Rallis BA, Esposito-Smythers C (2016) Family environment as a moderator of the association between anxiety and suicidal ideation. J Anxiety Disord 40:1–7PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

O’Neil KA, Puleo CM, Benjamin CL, Podell JL, Kendall PC (2012) Suicidal ideation in anxiety-disordered youth. Suicide Life-Threatening Behav 42(3):305–317CrossRef

Settipani CA, Kendall PC (2013) Social functioning in youth with anxiety disorders: association with anxiety severity and outcomes from cognitive-behavioral therapy. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 44(1):1–18PubMedCrossRef

Nail JE, Christofferson J, Ginsburg GS, Drake K, Kendall PC, McCracken JT (2015) Academic impairment and impact of treatments among youth with anxiety disorders. Child Youth Care Forum 44(3):327–342CrossRef

Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders (2013)American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, VA

Barlow DH (1991) Disorders of emotion. Psychol Inq 2(1):58–71CrossRef

10.

Southam-Gerow MA, Kendall PC (2000) A preliminary study of the emotion understanding of youths referred for treatment of anxiety disorders. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 29(3):319–327CrossRef

11.

Bender PK, Pons F, Harris PL, Esbjørn BH, Reinholdt-Dunne ML (2015) Emotion understanding in clinically anxious children: A preliminary investigation. Front Psychol 6:1916PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

12.

Suveg C, Zeman J (2004) Emotion regulation in children with anxiety disorders. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 33(4):750–759PubMedCrossRef

13.

Suveg C, Sood E, Barmish A, Tiwari S, Hudson JL, Kendall PC (2008) “I’d rather not talk about it”: emotion parenting in families of children with an anxiety disorder. J Fam Psychol 22(6):875–884PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

14.

Carthy T, Horesh N, Apter A, Gross JJ (2010) Patterns of emotional reactivity and regulation in children with anxiety disorders. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 32(1):23–36CrossRef

15.

Legerstee JS, Garnefski N, Jellesma FC, Verhulst FC, Utens EMWJ (2010) Cognitive coping and childhood anxiety disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19(2):143–150PubMedCrossRef

16.

Morris AS, Silk JS, Steinberg L, Myers SS, Robinson LR (2007) The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Soc Dev 16(2):361–388PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

17.

Morris AS, Criss MM, Silk JS, Houltberg BJ (2017) The Impact of parenting on emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence. Child Dev Perspect 11(4):233–238CrossRef

18.

Hurrell KE, Hudson JL, Schniering CA (2015) Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: relationships with emotion regulation in children with an anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 29:72–82PubMedCrossRef

19.

Miller-Slough RL, Dunsmore JC (2016) Parent and friend emotion socialization in adolescence: associations with psychological adjustment. Adolesc Res Rev 1(4):287–305CrossRef

20.

Manley S, Francis S (2012) The role of parental anxiety sensitivity and beliefs about child anxiety in the relationship between parent and child anxiety. J Psychopathol Behav Assess

21.

Francis SE, Roemhild E (2021) Assessing parental cognitions about child anxiety: are parents’ thoughts about child anxiety associated with child anxiety and anxiety sensitivity? J Anxiety Disord 80:102400PubMedCrossRef

22.

Schroder HS, Callahan CP, Gornik AE, Moser JS (2019) The fixed mindset of anxiety predicts future distress: a longitudinal study. Behav Ther 50(4):710–717PubMedCrossRef

23.

Schleider JL, Weisz JR (2017) Family process and youth internalizing problems: a triadic model of etiology and intervention. Dev Psychopathol 29(1,SI):273–301PubMedCrossRef

24.

Kneeland ET, Dovidio JF, Joormann J, Clark MS (2016) Emotion malleability beliefs, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: integrating affective and clinical science. Clin Psychol Rev 45:81–88PubMedCrossRef

25.

Silverman WK, Albano AM (1996) The anxiety disorders interview schedule for children for DSM-IV: child and parent versions. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX

26.

Wolk CB, Caporino NE, McQuarrie S, Settipani CA, Podell JL, Crawley S (2016) Parental attitudes, beliefs, and understanding of anxiety (PABUA): development and psychometric properties of a measure. J Anxiety Disord 39:71–78PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

27.

Victor SE, Klonsky ED (2016) Validation of a brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS-18) in five samples. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 38(4):582–589CrossRef

28.

Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH (1995) The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther 33(3):335–343PubMedCrossRef

29.

Esbjørn BH, Sømhovd MJ, Turnstedt C, Reinholdt-Dunne ML (2012) Assessing the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in a national sample of Danish youth aged 8–16 years. PLoS ONE 7(5):1–6CrossRef

30.

Criss MM, Morris AS, Ponce-Garcia E, Cui L, Silk JS, Theurel A (2016) Pathways to adaptive emotion regulation among adolescents from low‐income families. Fam Relations An Interdiscip J Appl Fam Stud 65(3):517–529

31.

Sala MN, Pons F, Molina P (2014) Emotion regulation strategies in preschool children. Br J Dev Psychol 32(4):440–453PubMedCrossRef

32.

Theurel A, Gentaz E (2018) The regulation of emotions in adolescents: age differences and emotion-specific patterns. PLoS ONE 13(6):1–25CrossRef

33.

Neumann A, van Lier PAC, Gratz KL, Koot HM (2010) Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents using the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Assessment 17(1):138–149PubMedCrossRef

34.

Bender PK, Reinholdt-Dunne ML, Esbjørn BH, Pons F (2012) Emotion dysregulation and anxiety in children and adolescents: Gender differences. Pers Individ Dif 53(3):284–288CrossRef

35.

Godleski SA, Eiden RD, Shisler S, Livingston JA (2020) Parent socialization of emotion in a high-risk sample. Dev Psychol 56(3):489–502PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

36.

Hoffman C, Crnic KA, Baker JK (2006) Maternal depression and parenting: implications for children’s emergent emotion regulation and behavioral functioning. Parenting 6(4):271–295CrossRef

37.

Maughan A, Cicchetti D, Toth SL, Rogosch FA (2007) Early-occurring maternal depression and maternal negativity in predicting young children’s emotion regulation and socioemotional difficulties. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35(5):685–703PubMedCrossRef

38.

Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE, Tatham RL(2006) Multivariate data analysis 6th Edition. J Abnorm Psychol (87):49–74

39.

Bögels S, Stevens J, Majdandžič M (2011) Parenting and social anxiety: fathers’ versus mothers’ influence on their children’s anxiety in ambiguous social situations. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 52(5):599–606CrossRef

40.

Bögels SM, Perotti EC (2011) Does father know best? a formal model of the paternal influence on childhood social anxiety. J Child Fam Stud 20(2):171–181PubMedCrossRef

41.

Haslam D, Poniman C, Filus A, Sumargi A, Boediman L (2020) Parenting style, child emotion regulation and behavioral problems: the moderating role of cultural values in Australia and Indonesia. Marriage Fam Rev 56(4):320–342CrossRef

42.

Saritaş D, Grusec JE, Gençöz T, Sarıtaş D, Grusec JE, Gençöz T (2013) Warm and harsh parenting as mediators of the relation between maternal and adolescent emotion regulation. J Adolesc 36(6):1093–1101PubMedCrossRef

43.

Gallegos MI, Murphy SE, Benner AD, Jacobvitz DB, Hazen NL (2017) Marital, parental, and whole-family predictors of toddlers’ emotion regulation: the role of parental emotional withdrawal. J Fam Psychol 31(3):294–303PubMedCrossRef

44.

Meyer S, Raikes HA, Virmani EA, Waters S, Thompson RA (2014) Parent emotion representations and the socialization of emotion regulation in the family. Int J Behav 38(2):164–173CrossRef

45.

Chang L, Schwartz D, Dodge KA, McBride-Chang C (2003) Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. J Fam Psychol 17(4):598–606PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

46.

Bariola E, Hughes EK, Gullone E (2012) Relationships between parent and child emotion regulation strategy use: a brief report. J Child Fam 21(3):443–448CrossRef

47.

Bocknek EL, Dayton C, Raveau HA, Richardson P, Brophy-Herb HE, Fitzgerald HE (2017) Routine active playtime with fathers is associated with self-regulation in early childhood. Merrill Palmer Q 63(1):105–134CrossRef

48.

Flanders JL, Simard M, Paquette D, Parent S, Vitaro F, Pihl RO (2010) Rough-and-tumble play and the development of physical aggression and emotion regulation: a five-year follow-up study. J Fam Violence 25(4):357–367CrossRef

49.

Cassano M, Perry-Parrish C, Zeman J (2007) Influence of gender on parental socialization of children’s sadness regulation. Soc Dev 16(2):210–231CrossRef

50.

Sturge-Apple ML, Davies PT, Cummings EM (2006) Impact of hostility and withdrawal in interparental conflict on parental emotional unavailability and children’s adjustment difficulties. Child Dev 77(6):1623–1641PubMedCrossRef

51.

Maloney EA, Sattizahn JR, Beilock SL (2014) Anxiety and cognition. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 5(4):403–411PubMedCrossRef

52.

Hannesdottir DK, Ollendick TH (2007) The role of emotion regulation in the treatment of child anxiety disorders. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 10(3):275–293PubMedCrossRef

53.

Schäfer J, Naumann E, Holmes EA, Tuschen-Caffier B, Samson AC (2017) emotion regulation strategies in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: a meta-analytic review. J Youth Adolesc 46(2):261–276PubMedCrossRef

54.

Thomassin K, Suveg C (2014) Reciprocal positive affect and well-regulated, adjusted children: a unique contribution of fathers. Parenting14:28–461

55.

Sanchis-Sanchis A, Grau MD, Moliner AR, Morales-Murillo CP (2020) Effects of age and gender in emotion regulation of children and adolescents. Front Psychol 11:946PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

56.

Calkins SD, Dedmon SE (2000) Physiological and behavioral regulation in two-year-old children with aggressive/destructive behavior problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol 28(2):103–118PubMedCrossRef

57.

Garnefski N, Rieffe C, Jellesma F, Terwogt MM, Kraaij V (2007) Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9-11-year-old children: the development of an instrument. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 16(1):1–9PubMedCrossRef

58.

Katz LF, Gottman JM (1986) The meta-emotion interview. Unpublished manual. University of Washington, Seattle

59.

Gottman J (1997) Meta-emotion: the measures. Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates, Mahwah, NJ

60.

McDowell DJ, Kim M, O’Neil R, Parke RD (2002) Children’s emotional regulation and social competence in middle childhood: the role of maternal and paternal interactive style. Marriage Fam Rev 34(3–4):345–364CrossRef

61.

Tonyan HA (2005) Coregulating distress: mother-child interactions around children’s distress from 14 to 24 months. Int J Behav Dev 29(5):433–444

Titel: Associations Between Parents’ Cognitions About Child Anxiety and Emotion Dysregulation in Clinically Anxious Children: The Unique Contribution of Fathers
Auteurs: Nur Islamiah
Sonja Breinholst
Monika A. Walczak
Publicatiedatum: 03-01-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 5/2024
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01487-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2024

School-Level Longitudinal Predictors of Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use

Original Article

The Relationship Between Parental Neglect, School Adjustment, and Smartphone Dependence in Korean Adolescents: Verification Using Multivariate Latent Growth Modeling

Original Article

“If he doesn’t buy in, it’s a waste of time”: Perspectives from diverse parents and adolescents on engaging children in ADHD treatment

Original Article

The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Symptom Severity, Negative Thinking, Comorbidity, and Treatment Response in Youth with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Original Article

Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Associations with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Adolescents with Depression

Original Article

Vocally-Encoded Emotional Arousal as a Marker of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a Sample of Justice-Involved Adolescents

Original Article