Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

02-08-2017 | Original Article

Are allocentric spatial reference frames compatible with theories of Enactivism?

Auteurs: Sabine U. König, Caspar Goeke, Tobias Meilinger, Peter König

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 3/2019

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Theories of Enactivism propose an action-oriented approach to understand human cognition. So far, however, empirical evidence supporting these theories has been sparse. Here, we investigate whether spatial navigation based on allocentric reference frames that are independent of the observer’s physical body can be understood within an action-oriented approach. Therefore, we performed three experiments testing the knowledge of the absolute orientation of houses and streets towards north, the relative orientation of two houses and two streets, respectively, and the location of houses towards each other in a pointing task. Our results demonstrate that under time pressure, the relative orientation of two houses can be retrieved more accurately than the absolute orientation of single houses. With infinite time for cognitive reasoning, the performance of the task using house stimuli increased greatly for the absolute orientation and surpassed the slightly improved performance in the relative orientation task. In contrast, with streets as stimuli participants performed under time pressure better in the absolute orientation task. Overall, pointing from one house to another house yielded the best performance. This suggests, first, that orientation and location information about houses are primarily coded in house-to-house relations, whereas cardinal information is deduced via cognitive reasoning. Second, orientation information for streets is preferentially coded in absolute orientations. Thus, our results suggest that spatial information about house and street orientation is coded differently and that house orientation and location is primarily learned in an action-oriented way, which is in line with an enactive framework for human cognition.
Literatuur
go back to reference Burte, H., & Hegarty, M. (2012). Revisiting the Relationship between Allocentric-Heading Recall and Self-Reported Sense of Direction. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 162–167). Burte, H., & Hegarty, M. (2012). Revisiting the Relationship between Allocentric-Heading Recall and Self-Reported Sense of Direction. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 162–167).
go back to reference Byrne, P., Becker, S., & Burgess, N. (2007). Remembering the past and imagining the future: a neural model of spatial memory and imagery. Psychological Review, 114, 340–375.CrossRef Byrne, P., Becker, S., & Burgess, N. (2007). Remembering the past and imagining the future: a neural model of spatial memory and imagery. Psychological Review, 114, 340–375.CrossRef
go back to reference Gibson, J. J. (1977). Perceiving (pp. 67–82). Acting and Knowing: Toward an ecological psychology. the theory of affordances. Gibson, J. J. (1977). Perceiving (pp. 67–82). Acting and Knowing: Toward an ecological psychology. the theory of affordances.
go back to reference Gibson, J. J. (1979). The Theory of Affordances. In The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (pp. 127–143). Gibson, J. J. (1979). The Theory of Affordances. In The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (pp. 127–143).
go back to reference Greenauer, N., & Waller, D. (2008). Intrinsic array structure is neither necessary nor sufficient for nonegocentric coding of spatial layouts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(5), 1015–1021. doi:10.3758/PBR.15.5.1015.CrossRef Greenauer, N., & Waller, D. (2008). Intrinsic array structure is neither necessary nor sufficient for nonegocentric coding of spatial layouts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(5), 1015–1021. doi:10.​3758/​PBR.​15.​5.​1015.CrossRef
go back to reference Haith, M. M., & Benson, J. B. A. (1998). Infant Cognition. In D. Kuhn & R. Siegler (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (5th edition) volume 2: Cognition, perception, and language. Hoboken: Wiley. Haith, M. M., & Benson, J. B. A. (1998). Infant Cognition. In D. Kuhn & R. Siegler (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (5th edition) volume 2: Cognition, perception, and language. Hoboken: Wiley.
go back to reference Ishikawa, T., & Montello, D. R. (2006). Spatial knowledge acquisition from direct experience in the environment: Individual differences in the development of metric knowledge and the integration of separately learned places. Cognitive Psychology, 52(2), 93–129. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.08.003.CrossRefPubMed Ishikawa, T., & Montello, D. R. (2006). Spatial knowledge acquisition from direct experience in the environment: Individual differences in the development of metric knowledge and the integration of separately learned places. Cognitive Psychology, 52(2), 93–129. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cogpsych.​2005.​08.​003.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kelly, J. W., Avraamides, M. N., & Loomis, J. M. (2007). Sensorimotor alignment effects in the learning environment and in novel environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(6), 1092–1107. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.33.6.1092.CrossRefPubMed Kelly, J. W., Avraamides, M. N., & Loomis, J. M. (2007). Sensorimotor alignment effects in the learning environment and in novel environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(6), 1092–1107. doi:10.​1037/​0278-7393.​33.​6.​1092.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kelly, J. W., & McNamara, T. P. (2008). Spatial memories of virtual environments: How egocentric experience, intrinsic structure, and extrinsic structure interact. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 322–327.CrossRef Kelly, J. W., & McNamara, T. P. (2008). Spatial memories of virtual environments: How egocentric experience, intrinsic structure, and extrinsic structure interact. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 322–327.CrossRef
go back to reference Klatzky, R. (1998). Allocentric and egocentric spatial representations: Definitions, distinctions, and interconnections. In Spatial cognition - An interdisciplinary approach to representation and processing of spatial knowledge (pp. 1–17). doi:10.1007/3-540-69342-4 (September 1997). Klatzky, R. (1998). Allocentric and egocentric spatial representations: Definitions, distinctions, and interconnections. In Spatial cognition - An interdisciplinary approach to representation and processing of spatial knowledge (pp. 1–17). doi:10.​1007/​3-540-69342-4 (September 1997).
go back to reference König, S. U., Schumann, F., Keyser, J., Goeke, C., Krause, C., Wache, S., et al. (2016). Learning new sensorimotor contingencies: effects of long-term use of sensory augmentation on the brain and conscious perception. Plos One, 11, 1–35. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166647.CrossRef König, S. U., Schumann, F., Keyser, J., Goeke, C., Krause, C., Wache, S., et al. (2016). Learning new sensorimotor contingencies: effects of long-term use of sensory augmentation on the brain and conscious perception. Plos One, 11, 1–35. doi:10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0166647.CrossRef
go back to reference Loomis, J. M., Klatzky, R. L., Golledge, R. G., Cicinelli, J. G., Pellegrino, J. W., & Fry, P. A. (1993). Nonvisual navigation by blind and sighted: assessment of path integration ability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122(1), 73–91. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.1.73.CrossRef Loomis, J. M., Klatzky, R. L., Golledge, R. G., Cicinelli, J. G., Pellegrino, J. W., & Fry, P. A. (1993). Nonvisual navigation by blind and sighted: assessment of path integration ability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122(1), 73–91. doi:10.​1037/​0096-3445.​122.​1.​73.CrossRef
go back to reference Maye, A., & Engel, A. K. (2011). A discrete computational model of sensorimotor contingencies for object perception and control of behavior. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. doi:10.1109/ICRA.2011.5979919.CrossRef Maye, A., & Engel, A. K. (2011). A discrete computational model of sensorimotor contingencies for object perception and control of behavior. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. doi:10.​1109/​ICRA.​2011.​5979919.CrossRef
go back to reference Maye, A., & Engel, A. K. (2012). Time scales of sensorimotor contingencies. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (vol. 7366 LNAI, pp. 240–249). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31561-9_27. Maye, A., & Engel, A. K. (2012). Time scales of sensorimotor contingencies. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (vol. 7366 LNAI, pp. 240–249). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-31561-9_​27.
go back to reference McNamara, T. P. (2002). How are the Locations of Objects in the Environment Represented in Memory? In C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel, & K. F. Wender (Eds.), Spatial Cognition III: Routes and Navigation, Human Memory and Learning, Spatial Representation and Spatial Learning (pp. 174–191). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/3-540-45004-1_11. McNamara, T. P. (2002). How are the Locations of Objects in the Environment Represented in Memory? In C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel, & K. F. Wender (Eds.), Spatial Cognition III: Routes and Navigation, Human Memory and Learning, Spatial Representation and Spatial Learning (pp. 174–191). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.​1007/​3-540-45004-1_​11.
go back to reference McNamara, T. P., Rump, B., & Werner, S. (2003). Egocentric and geocentric frames of reference in memory of large-scale space. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(3), 589–595. doi:10.3758/BF03196519.CrossRef McNamara, T. P., Rump, B., & Werner, S. (2003). Egocentric and geocentric frames of reference in memory of large-scale space. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(3), 589–595. doi:10.​3758/​BF03196519.CrossRef
go back to reference Meilinger, T. (2008b). Strategies of orientation in environmental spaces. biological cybernetics. Tübingen: MPI for Biological Cybernetics. Meilinger, T. (2008b). Strategies of orientation in environmental spaces. biological cybernetics. Tübingen: MPI for Biological Cybernetics.
go back to reference Meilinger, T., Riecke, B. E., & Bülthoff, H. H. (2014). Local and global reference frames for environmental spaces. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 67(3), 1–28. doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.821145. Meilinger, T., Riecke, B. E., & Bülthoff, H. H. (2014). Local and global reference frames for environmental spaces. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 67(3), 1–28. doi:10.​1080/​17470218.​2013.​821145.
go back to reference Moffat, S. D., Hampson, E., & Hatzipantelis, M. (1998). Navigation in a “Virtual” maze: sex differences and correlation with psychometric measures of spatial ability in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19(519), 73–87. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(97)00104-9.CrossRef Moffat, S. D., Hampson, E., & Hatzipantelis, M. (1998). Navigation in a “Virtual” maze: sex differences and correlation with psychometric measures of spatial ability in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19(519), 73–87. doi:10.​1016/​S1090-5138(97)00104-9.CrossRef
go back to reference Mou, W., McNamara, T. P., Rump, B., & Xiao, C. (2006). Roles of egocentric and allocentric spatial representations in locomotion and reorientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(6), 1274–1290. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1274.CrossRefPubMed Mou, W., McNamara, T. P., Rump, B., & Xiao, C. (2006). Roles of egocentric and allocentric spatial representations in locomotion and reorientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(6), 1274–1290. doi:10.​1037/​0278-7393.​32.​6.​1274.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Newhouse, P., Newhouse, C., & Astur, R. S. (2007). Sex differences in visual-spatial learning using a virtual water maze in pre-pubertal children. Behavioural Brain Research, 183(1), 1–7.CrossRef Newhouse, P., Newhouse, C., & Astur, R. S. (2007). Sex differences in visual-spatial learning using a virtual water maze in pre-pubertal children. Behavioural Brain Research, 183(1), 1–7.CrossRef
go back to reference Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. Cambridge: MIT Press. Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. Cambridge: MIT Press.
go back to reference O’Keefe, J. (1991). An allocentric spatial model for the Hippocampal cognitive map. Hippocampus, 1, 230–235.CrossRef O’Keefe, J. (1991). An allocentric spatial model for the Hippocampal cognitive map. Hippocampus, 1, 230–235.CrossRef
go back to reference O’Regan, J. K. (2011). Why red doesn’t sound like a bell: Understanding the feel of consciousness. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef O’Regan, J. K. (2011). Why red doesn’t sound like a bell: Understanding the feel of consciousness. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1967). The child’s conception of space. New York: FJ Langdon & JL Lunzer, Trans. Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1967). The child’s conception of space. New York: FJ Langdon & JL Lunzer, Trans.
go back to reference Poucet, B. (1993). Spatial cognitive maps in animals: New hypotheses on their structure and neural mechanisms. Psychological Review, 100, 163–182.CrossRef Poucet, B. (1993). Spatial cognitive maps in animals: New hypotheses on their structure and neural mechanisms. Psychological Review, 100, 163–182.CrossRef
go back to reference Richardson, A. E., Montello, D. R., & Hegarty, M. (1999). Spatial knowledge acquisition from maps and from navigation in real and virtual environments. Memory & Cognition, 27(4), 741–750. doi:10.3758/BF03211566.CrossRef Richardson, A. E., Montello, D. R., & Hegarty, M. (1999). Spatial knowledge acquisition from maps and from navigation in real and virtual environments. Memory & Cognition, 27(4), 741–750. doi:10.​3758/​BF03211566.CrossRef
go back to reference Sargent, J., Dopkins, S., Philbeck, J., & Modarres, R. (2008). Spatial memory during progressive disorientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(3), 602.CrossRef Sargent, J., Dopkins, S., Philbeck, J., & Modarres, R. (2008). Spatial memory during progressive disorientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(3), 602.CrossRef
go back to reference Shelton, A. L., & McNamara, T. P. (1997). Multiple views of spatial memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(1), 102–106.CrossRef Shelton, A. L., & McNamara, T. P. (1997). Multiple views of spatial memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(1), 102–106.CrossRef
go back to reference Sholl, M. J. (1987). Cognitive maps as orienting schemata. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 13(4), 615.PubMed Sholl, M. J. (1987). Cognitive maps as orienting schemata. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 13(4), 615.PubMed
go back to reference Sholl, M. J., Kenny, R. J., & DellaPorta, K. A. (2006). Allocentric-heading recall and its relation to self-reported sense-of-direction. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(3), 516.CrossRef Sholl, M. J., Kenny, R. J., & DellaPorta, K. A. (2006). Allocentric-heading recall and its relation to self-reported sense-of-direction. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32(3), 516.CrossRef
go back to reference Siegel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975). The development of spatial representations of large scale environments. Adv. Child Develop. Behav., 10, 9–55.CrossRef Siegel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975). The development of spatial representations of large scale environments. Adv. Child Develop. Behav., 10, 9–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Street, W. N., & Wang, R. F. (2014). Differentiating spatial memory from spatial transformations. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 602–608. doi:10.1037/a0035279.CrossRefPubMed Street, W. N., & Wang, R. F. (2014). Differentiating spatial memory from spatial transformations. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 602–608. doi:10.​1037/​a0035279.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Trullier, O., Wiener, S. I., Berthoz, A., & Meyer, J. A. (1997). Biologically based artificial navigation systems: Review and prospects. Progress in Neurobiology, 51, 483–544.CrossRef Trullier, O., Wiener, S. I., Berthoz, A., & Meyer, J. A. (1997). Biologically based artificial navigation systems: Review and prospects. Progress in Neurobiology, 51, 483–544.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, R. F., & Spelke, E. S. (2002). Human spatial representation: insights from animals. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(9), 376–382.CrossRef Wang, R. F., & Spelke, E. S. (2002). Human spatial representation: insights from animals. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(9), 376–382.CrossRef
go back to reference Woolley, D. G., Vermaercke, B., de Beeck, H. O., Wagemans, J., Gantois, I., D’Hooge, R., et al. (2010). Sex differences in human virtual water maze performance: Novel measures reveal the relative contribution of directional responding and spatial knowledge. Behavioural Brain Research, 208(2), 408–414.CrossRef Woolley, D. G., Vermaercke, B., de Beeck, H. O., Wagemans, J., Gantois, I., D’Hooge, R., et al. (2010). Sex differences in human virtual water maze performance: Novel measures reveal the relative contribution of directional responding and spatial knowledge. Behavioural Brain Research, 208(2), 408–414.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Are allocentric spatial reference frames compatible with theories of Enactivism?
Auteurs
Sabine U. König
Caspar Goeke
Tobias Meilinger
Peter König
Publicatiedatum
02-08-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-017-0899-x