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01-08-2012 | Original Article

Appraisals of Stressful Life Events as a Genetically-Linked Mechanism in the Stress–Depression Relationship

Auteurs: Christopher C. Conway, Constance Hammen, Emmanuel P. Espejo, Naomi R. Wray, Jake M. Najman, Patricia A. Brennan

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2012

Abstract

Variation in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been linked to various cognitive-affective indices of stress sensitivity hypothesized to underlie vulnerability to depression. The current study examined the association of 5-HTTLPR with appraisals of naturally occurring acute life stressors in a community sample of 384 youth at elevated risk for depression due to oversampling for maternal depression. Interview measures administered at youth age 20 were used to assess subjective and objective (assigned by an independent rating team) appraisals of the negative impact of recent acute stressful life events. The presence of at least one S allele was associated with elevated subjective appraisals of the negative impact of acute stressors (P = 0.03). Consistent with an endophenotype perspective, support was found for a 5-HTTLPR-stress appraisals-depression mediation model both concurrently and longitudinally. Results indicate that enhanced stress sensitivity may act as an intermediate phenotype through which 5-HTTLPR affects risk for depression.

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In an attempt to minimize the confounding influences of population stratification, analyses were conducted among Caucasians only (i.e., 93% of the genotyped sample). The significance and overall pattern of results were unaltered.

Preliminary analyses were conducted in which subjective negative impact ratings were the dependent variable in a linear regression model and objective ratings were entered as a covariate. This method is similar analytically to the standardized residual approach employed here (Cole et al. 1998) and the pattern of results was equivalent across analyses. Thus, for ease of presentation, only results from analyses using residuals as the dependent variable are reported.

We examined potential confounding effects of variability in the time elapsed between data collection points. Analyses showed that the length of the interval between assessments did not moderate the influence of appraisals (b = 0.02, SE = 0.05, P = 0.80) or 5-HTTLPR (b = 0.03, SE = 0.11, P = 0.82) on BDI. These results suggested that the varying length of time between assessments of the mediator and outcome was unlikely to bias parameter estimates.

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Titel: Appraisals of Stressful Life Events as a Genetically-Linked Mechanism in the Stress–Depression Relationship
Auteurs: Christopher C. Conway
Constance Hammen
Emmanuel P. Espejo
Naomi R. Wray
Jake M. Najman
Patricia A. Brennan
Publicatiedatum: 01-08-2012
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2012
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9368-9

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