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18-02-2016 | Original Article

An interpolated activity during the knowledge-of-results delay interval eliminates the learning advantages of self-controlled feedback schedules

Auteurs: Michael J. Carter, Diane M. Ste-Marie

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 2/2017

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Abstract

The learning advantages of self-controlled knowledge-of-results (KR) schedules compared to yoked schedules have been linked to the optimization of the informational value of the KR received for the enhancement of one’s error-detection capabilities. This suggests that information-processing activities that occur after motor execution, but prior to receiving KR (i.e., the KR-delay interval) may underlie self-controlled KR learning advantages. The present experiment investigated whether self-controlled KR learning benefits would be eliminated if an interpolated activity was performed during the KR-delay interval. Participants practiced a waveform matching task that required two rapid elbow extension-flexion reversals in one of four groups using a factorial combination of choice (self-controlled, yoked) and KR-delay interval (empty, interpolated). The waveform had specific spatial and temporal constraints, and an overall movement time goal. The results indicated that the self-controlled + empty group had superior retention and transfer scores compared to all other groups. Moreover, the self-controlled + interpolated and yoked + interpolated groups did not differ significantly in retention and transfer; thus, the interpolated activity eliminated the typically found learning benefits of self-controlled KR. No significant differences were found between the two yoked groups. We suggest the interpolated activity interfered with information-processing activities specific to self-controlled KR conditions that occur during the KR-delay interval and that these activities are vital for reaping the associated learning benefits. These findings add to the growing evidence that challenge the motivational account of self-controlled KR learning advantages and instead highlights informational factors associated with the KR-delay interval as an important variable for motor learning under self-controlled KR schedules.
Voetnoten
1
Although this idea was expressed by Chiviacowsky and Wulf (2005), the absence of yoked groups in their design posed a challenge for making conclusions regarding the relationship between choice over KR delivery and the timing of this decision with respect to the role of error estimation.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
An interpolated activity during the knowledge-of-results delay interval eliminates the learning advantages of self-controlled feedback schedules
Auteurs
Michael J. Carter
Diane M. Ste-Marie
Publicatiedatum
18-02-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 2/2017
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-016-0757-2