Introduction
Method
Procedure
Participants
Material
Data Analysis
Quality Assurance
Sample
Countries | WHO-regions | N (%) |
---|---|---|
Sweden | Europe | 33 (27) |
Germany (Dresden + Marburg) | Europe | 26 (21) |
Brazil | The Americas | 15 (12) |
Denmark | Europe | 12 (10) |
Saudi Arabia | Eastern Mediterranean | 11 (9) |
Greece | Europe | 6 (5) |
Italy | Europe | 6 (5) |
Japan | Western Pacific | 6 (5) |
Portugal | Europe | 6 (5) |
Argentina | The Americas | 1 (1) |
Socio-demographic variables | N (%) | Gender (female/male) N (%) | Age M (SD) Range |
---|---|---|---|
Age group | |||
Children with ASD (age 4–12) | 46 (38) | 10/36 (22/78) | 8.3 (2.4) 4–12 |
Adolescents with ASD (age 13–17) | 39 (32) | 6/33 (15/85) | 15.1 (1.5) 13–17 |
Adults with ASD (age 18+) | 37 (30) | 16/21 (43/57) | 33.1 (10.7) 18–55 |
Marital status | |||
Single | 112 (92) | ||
Divorced/separated | 4 (4) | ||
Married | 3 (2) | ||
Othera | 3 (2) | ||
Education levelb | |||
Primary/high school studies | 81 (66) | ||
Vocational education | 13 (11) | ||
Higher education (e.g., college or university studies) | 10 (8) | ||
Otherc | 17 (14) | ||
Missing data | 1 (1) | ||
Working status | |||
Student | 80 (65) | ||
Supported employment | 6 (5) | ||
Part-time employment | 2 (2) | ||
Sickness-benefits | 2 (2) | ||
Unemployment | 2 (2) | ||
Combined forms of employment | 15 (12) | ||
Other | 15 (12) | ||
Living situation | |||
Living with parents | 98 (81) | ||
Living independently | 16 (13) | ||
Living with partner | 3 (2) | ||
Other living situationd | 4 (3) | ||
Combined living situations | 1 (1) |
Results
ICF-CY Category Ratings
Second-level category | ICF-CY chapter | na (%) |
---|---|---|
d110 watching | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 41 (33) |
d115 listening | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 55 (45) |
d130 copying | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 56 (45) |
d132 acquiring information | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 55 (45) |
d140 learning to read | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 36 (29) |
d145 learning to write | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 37 (30) |
d150 learning to calculate | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 44 (36) |
d160 focusing attention | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 99 (81) |
d161 directing attention | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 89 (72) |
d163 thinking | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 58 (47) |
d166 reading | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 48 (39) |
d172 calculating | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 54 (44) |
d175 solving problems | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 77 (63) |
d177 making decisions | d1 Learning and applying knowledge | 81 (66) |
d210 undertaking a single task | d2 General tasks and demands | 80 (65) |
d220 undertaking multiple tasks | d2 General tasks and demands | 86 (70) |
d230 carrying out daily routine | d2 General tasks and demands | 75 (61) |
d240 handling stress and other psychological demands | d2 General tasks and demands | 101 (82) |
d250 managing one’s own behavior | d2 General tasks and demands | 88 (72) |
d310 communicating with receiving-spoken messages | d3 Communication | 80 (65) |
d315 communicating with receiving-nonverbal messages | d3 Communication | 87 (71) |
d330 speaking | d3 Communication | 66 (54) |
d335 producing nonverbal messages | d3 Communication | 89 (72) |
d350 conversation | d3 Communication | 95 (77) |
d360 using telecommunication devices and techniques | d3 Communication | 51 (41) |
d430 lifting and carrying objects | d4 Mobility | 22 (18) |
d440 fine hand use | d4 Mobility | 51 (41) |
d446 fine foot use | d4 Mobility | 28 (22) |
d450 walking | d4 Mobility | 13 (10) |
d455 moving around | d4 Mobility | 27 (22) |
d465 moving around using equipment | d4 Mobility | 35 (28) |
d470 using transportation | d4 Mobility | 37 (30) |
d475 driving | d4 Mobility | 17 (13) |
d510 washing oneself | d5 Self-care | 50 (40) |
d520 caring for body parts | d5 Self-care | 66 (54) |
d530 toileting | d5 Self-care | 35 (28) |
d540 dressing | d5 Self-care | 43 (35) |
d550 eating | d5 Self-care | 30 (24) |
d560 drinking | d5 Self-care | 23 (18) |
d570 looking after one’s health | d5 Self-care | 71 (58) |
d571 looking after one’s safety | d5 Self-care | 54 (44) |
d620 acquisition of goods and services | d6 Domestic life | 47 (38) |
d630 preparing meals | d6 Domestic life | 61 (50) |
d640 doing housework | d6 Domestic life | 72 (59) |
d660 assisting others | d6 Domestic life | 61 (50) |
d710 basic interpersonal interactions | d7 Interpersonal interactions and relationships | 104 (85) |
d720 complex interpersonal interactions | d7 Interpersonal interactions and relationships | 106 (86) |
d730 relating with strangers | d7 Interpersonal interactions and relationships | 77 (63) |
d740 formal relationships | d7 Interpersonal interactions and relationships | 79 (64) |
d750 informal social relationships | d7 Interpersonal interactions and relationships | 92 (75) |
d760 family relationships | d7 Interpersonal interactions and relationships | 69 (56) |
d770 intimate relationships | d7 Interpersonal interactions and relationships | 30 (24) |
d810 informal education | d8 Major life areas | 39 (31) |
d820 school education | d8 Major life areas | 58 (47) |
d845 acquiring, keeping and terminating a job | d8 Major life areas | 23 (18) |
d850 remunerative employment | d8 Major life areas | 23 (18) |
d860 basic economic transactions | d8 Major life areas | 31 (25) |
d870 economic self-sufficiency | d8 Major life areas | 19 (15) |
d880 engagement in play | d8 Major life areas | 69 (56) |
d910 community life | d9 Community, social and civic life | 64 (52) |
d920 recreation and leisure | d9 Community, social and civic life | 83 (68) |
d930 religion and spirituality | d9 Community, social and civic life | 26 (21) |
d940 human rights | d9 Community, social and civic life | 32 (26) |
d950 political life and citizenship | d9 Community, social and civic life | 26 (21) |
Second-level category | ICF-CY chapter | na (%) |
---|---|---|
b114 orientation functions | b1 Mental functions | 50 (40) |
b117 intellectual functions | b1 Mental functions | 39 (31) |
b122 global psychosocial functions | b1 Mental functions | 108 (88) |
b125 dispositions and intra-personal functions | b1 Mental functions | 106 (86) |
b126 temperament and personality functions | b1 Mental functions | 95 (77) |
b130 energy and drive functions | b1 Mental functions | 89 (72) |
b134 sleep functions | b1 Mental functions | 48 (39) |
b140 attention functions | b1 Mental functions | 105 (86) |
b144 memory functions | b1 Mental functions | 48 (39) |
b147 psychomotor functions | b1 Mental functions | 70 (57) |
b152 emotional functions | b1 Mental functions | 100 (81) |
b156 perceptual functions | b1 Mental functions | 37 (30) |
b160 thought functions | b1 Mental functions | 56 (45) |
b163 basic cognitive functions | b1 Mental functions | 41 (33) |
b164 higher-level cognitive functions | b1 Mental functions | 91 (74) |
b167 mental functions of language | b1 Mental functions | 67 (54) |
b172 calculation functions | b1 Mental functions | 56 (45) |
b180 experience of self and time functions | b1 Mental functions | 70 (57) |
b210 seeing functions | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 21 (17) |
b230 hearing functions | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 32 (26) |
b235 vestibular functions | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 33 (27) |
b250 taste functions | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 17 (13) |
b255 smell functions | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 22 (18) |
b265 touch function | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 36 (29) |
b270 sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 39 (31) |
b280 sensation of pain | b2 Sensory functions and pain | 54 (44) |
b310 voice functions | b3 Voice and speech functions | 22 (18) |
b320 articulation functions | b3 Voice and speech functions | 34 (27) |
b330 fluency and rhythm of speech functions | b3 Voice and speech functions | 65 (53) |
b435 immunological system functions | b4 Functions of the cardiovascular, hematological, immunological and respiratory systems | 18 (14) |
b515 digestive functions | b5 Functions of the digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems | 14 (11) |
b525 defecation functions | b5 Functions of the digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems | 22 (18) |
b530 weight maintenance functions | b5 Functions of the digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems | 21 (17) |
b620 urination functions | b6 Genitourinary and reproductive functions | 14 (11) |
b640 sexual functions | b6 Genitourinary and reproductive functions | 14 (11) |
b710 mobility of joint functions | b7 Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions | 14 (11) |
b735 muscle tone functions | b7 Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions | 32 (26) |
b760 control of voluntary movement functions | b7 Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions | 34 (27) |
b765 involuntary movement functions | b7 Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions | 41 (33) |
b770 gait pattern functions | b7 Neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions | 22 (18) |
Second-level category | ICF-CY chapter | na (%) |
---|---|---|
e110 products or substances for personal consumption | e1 Products and technology | 38 (31) |
e115 products and technology for personal use in daily living | e1 Products and technology | 59 (48) |
e120 products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation | e1 Products and technology | 22 (18) |
e125 products and technology for communication | e1 Products and technology | 54 (44) |
e150 design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for public use | e1 Products and technology | 15 (12) |
e155 design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for private use | e1 Products and technology | 13 (10) |
e165 assets | e1 Products and technology | 14 (11) |
e225 climate | e2 Natural environment and human-made changes to environment | 31 (25) |
e240 light | e2 Natural environment and human-made changes to environment | 27 (23) |
e250 sound | e2 Natural environment and human-made changes to environment | 69 (56) |
e310 immediate family | e3 Support and relationships | 103 (84) |
e315 extended family | e3 Support and relationships | 52 (42) |
e320 friends | e3 Support and relationships | 47 (38) |
e325 acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbors and community members | e3 Support and relationships | 45 (36) |
e330 people in positions of authority | e3 Support and relationships | 56 (45) |
e340 personal care providers and personal assistants | e3 Support and relationships | 46 (37) |
e355 health professionals | e3 Support and relationships | 87 (71) |
e360 other professionals | e3 Support and relationships | 57 (46) |
e410 individual attitudes of immediate family members | e4 Attitudes | 93 (76) |
e420 individual attitudes of friends | e4 Attitudes | 39 (31) |
e425 individual attitudes of acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbors and community members | e4 Attitudes | 40 (32) |
e440 individual attitudes of personal care providers and personal assistants | e4 Attitudes | 38 (31) |
e450 individual attitudes of health professionals | e4 Attitudes | 73 (59) |
e455 individual attitudes of other professionals | e4 Attitudes | 44 (36) |
e460 societal attitudes | e4 Attitudes | 50 (40) |
e465 social norms, practices and ideologies | e4 Attitudes | 43 (35) |
e525 housing services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 27 (23) |
e535 communication services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 47 (38) |
e540 transportation services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 34 (27) |
e550 legal services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 36 (29) |
e570 social security services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 56 (45) |
e575 general social support services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 53 (43) |
e580 health services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 70 (57) |
e585 education and training services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 44 (36) |
e590 labor and employment services, systems and policies | e5 Services, systems and policies | 29 (24) |