Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

18-09-2017

An Examination of PAI Clinical Descriptors and Correlates in an Outpatient Sample: Tailoring of Interpretive Statements

Auteurs: Richard Rogers, Margot M. Williams, Darby B. Winningham, Allyson J. Sharf

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 2/2018

Abstract

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey 1991, 2007) was designed to evaluate patterns of psychopathology utilizing validity, clinical, treatment, and interpersonal scales. Its psychometric strengths include easily read items, gradations of responses, and extensive validation. The primary focus of the current study is to examine item-level clinical correlates to inform interpretation. For external validity, the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ; Zimmerman 2002) was utilized by examining individual items and subscales. The investigation used archival data from 192 outpatients. The most specific and detailed clinical correlates were found for PAI mood disorder scales. Several other clinical scales, such as Schizophrenia (SCZ), had comparatively few clinical correlates. The current findings underscore the need to further validate PAI external correlates in order to augment PAI statements.

vorige artikel Reliable and Valid Coding of Thin Slices of Video Footage: Applicability to the Assessment of Mother-Child Interactions

volgende artikel Assessing Alexithymia: Psychometric Properties and Factorial Invariance of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in Nonclinical and Psychiatric Samples

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

On average, ANX subscales evidence substantial correlations (rs > .50) with 14.67 other PAI scales and subscales.

None had large or very large effect sizes.

To put this in perspective, the earlier research (Graham et al. 1999) used correlations as low as |.20| as empirical correlates.

These standards correspond to Cohen’s ds of 0.75, 1.25, and 1.50, respectively.

Due to very small cell sizes (i.e., n < 5), Asian American and Other identified ethnicities were excluded from this analysis.

Therapy clients with uncomplicated diagnoses are not typically administered the PAI and other psychological measures.

For the sake of simplicity, the term “substantial” will be used to describe correlations with moderate or larger effect sizes.

Personal communication, Leslie C. Morey, April 21, 2017, as part of a consultation to the __ [name redacted] research team at __ [university’s name].

Aikman, G. G., & Souheaver, G. T. (2008). Use of the personality assessment inventory (PAI) in neuropsychological testing of psychiatric outpatients. Applied Neuropsychology, 15, 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/09084280802324283.CrossRefPubMed

Ambrosini, P. J., Metz, C., Prabucki, K., & Lee, J. (1989). Videotape reliability of the third revised edition of the K-SADS. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 723–728. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198909000-00013.CrossRef

American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education, & Joint Committee on Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA, APA, NCME & JCSEPT) (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: Author.

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.

Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2003). Assessing personality and psychopathology with self-report inventories. In J. R. Graham & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Assessment psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 553–577). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc..

Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2012). Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Butcher, J. N., & Williams, C. L. (2012). Problems with using the MMPI–2–RF in forensic evaluations: A clarification to Ellis. Journal of Child Custody: Research, Issues, and Practices, 9, 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/15379418.2012.748347.CrossRef

Butcher, J. N., Williams, C. L., Graham, J. R., Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Archer, R. P., & Kaemmer, B. (1992). Manual for the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the adolescent version of the MMPI. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Cashel, M. L., Rogers, R., Sewell, K. W., & Holliman, N. B. (1998). Preliminary validation of the MMPI-A for a male delinquent sample: An investigation of clinical correlates and discriminant validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 71, 49–69.CrossRefPubMed

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

Dahlstrom, W. G., Welsh, G. S., & Dahlstrom, L. E. (1972). An MMPI handbook, volume 1: Clinical interpretation (rev. ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Edens, J. F., Cruise, K. R., & Buffington-Vollum, J. K. (2001). Forensic and correctional applications of the personality assessment inventory. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 19, 519–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.457.CrossRef

Fava, M., Alpert, J. E., Carmin, C. N., Wisniewski, S. R., Trivedi, M. H., Biggs, et al. (2004). Clinical correlates and symptom patterns of anxious depression among patients with major depressive disorder in STARD. Psychological Medicine, 34, 1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002612.CrossRefPubMed

First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1996). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, clinician version (SCID-CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.

Gibbons, R. D., Rush, A. J., & Immekus, J. C. (2009). On the psychometric validity of the domains of the PDSQ: An illustration of the bi-factor item response theory model. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.04.013.CrossRefPubMed

Gignac, G. E., & Szodorai, E. T. (2016). Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.069.CrossRef

Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & McNulty, J. L. (1997). Empirical correlates of low scores on MMPI–2 scales in an outpatient mental health setting. Psychological Assessment, 9(4), 386–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.386.CrossRef

Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & McNulty, J. L. (1999). MMPI-2 correlates for outpatient community mental health settings. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Greene, R. L. (2011). The MMPI-2/MMPI-2-RF: An interpretive manual (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Gynther, M. D., Altman, H., & Sletten, I. W. (1973). Replicated correlates of MMPI two-point code types: The Missouri actuarial system. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 263–289. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197307)29:3<263::AID-JCLP2270290302>3.0.CO;2-R.CrossRefPubMed

Hemphill, J. F. (2003). Interpreting the magnitudes of correlation coefficients. American Psychologist, 58(1), 78–79. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.78.CrossRefPubMed

Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617.

Morey, L. C. (1989/1990). Personality assessment inventory: Version SV. Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Morey, L. C. (1991). Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual. Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Morey, L. C. (1996). An interpretive guide to the personality assessment inventory (PAI). Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Morey, L. C. (2007). Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual (2nd ed.). Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Nichols, D. S. (2006). The trials of separating bath water from baby: A review and critique of the MMPI-2 restructured clinical scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 121–138. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8702_02.CrossRefPubMed

Open Science Collaboration (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), 1–8.CrossRef

Pek, J., & Flora, D. B. (2017). Reporting effect sizes in original psychological research: A discussion and tutorial. Psychological Methods, https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000126.

Rogers, R. (2008). Detection strategies for malingering and defensiveness. In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (3rd ed., pp. 14–35). New York: Guilford.

Rogers, R., & Bender, S. D. (2013). Evaluation of malingering and related response styles. In R. K. Otto (Ed.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology: Forensic psychology (2nd ed.; vol. 11; pp. 517-539). New York: Wiley.

Rogers, R., & Sewell, K. W. (2006). MMPI-2 at the crossroads: Aging technology or radical retrofitting? Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 175–178. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8702_06.CrossRefPubMed

Siefert, C. J., Sinclair, S. J., Kehl-Fie, K. A., & Blais, M. A. (2009). An item-level psychometric analysis of the personality assessment inventory: Clinical scales in a psychiatric inpatient unit. Assessment, 16(4), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109333756.CrossRefPubMed

Slavin-Mulford, J., Sinclair, S. J., Stein, M., Malone, J., Bello, I., & Blais, M. A. (2012). External validity of the personality assessment inventory (PAI) in a clinical sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.681817.CrossRefPubMed

Sletten, I. W., Ulett, G., Altman, H., & Sundland, D. (1970). The Missouri standard system of psychiatry (SSOP): Computer generated diagnosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 23, 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750010075014.CrossRefPubMed

Waszczuk, M. A., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Gamez, W., & Watson, D. (2017). Hierarchical structure of emotional disorders: From individual symptoms to the spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(5), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000264.CrossRefPubMed

Zimmerman, M. (2002). Psychiatric diagnostic screening questionnaire manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

Zimmerman, M., & Chelminski, I. (2006). A scale to screen for DSM-IV Axis I disorders in psychiatric out-patients: Performance of the psychiatric diagnostic screening questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 36(11), 1601–1611. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706008257.CrossRefPubMed

Zimmerman, M., & Mattia, J. I. (1999). The reliability and validity of a screening questionnaire for 13 DSM-IV Axis I disorders (the psychiatric diagnostic screening questionnaire) in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60, 677–683. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v60n1006.CrossRefPubMed

Zimmerman, M., & Mattia, J. I. (2001). The psychiatric diagnostic screening questionnaire: Development, reliability and validity. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42, 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1053/comp.2001.23126.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: An Examination of PAI Clinical Descriptors and Correlates in an Outpatient Sample: Tailoring of Interpretive Statements
Auteurs: Richard Rogers
Margot M. Williams
Darby B. Winningham
Allyson J. Sharf
Publicatiedatum: 18-09-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 2/2018
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-017-9627-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2018

Assessing Alexithymia: Psychometric Properties and Factorial Invariance of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in Nonclinical and Psychiatric Samples

Intraindividual Dynamic Network Analysis – Implications for Clinical Assessment

Open Access

The Psychometric Properties of an Internet-Administered Version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) in a Sample of Dutch Adults

Open Access

Experiencing Adverse Social Relationships: the Development and Validation of a Self-Report Scale that Measures Individuals’ Histories of Social Punishment (HoSP)

Heterogeneity in the Strength of the Relation Between Social Support and Post-Trauma Psychopathology

Development of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale - Short Version (SCAS-S)

Open Access