Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

08-07-2017 | S.I. : Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Amygdala Volume Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Anxiety

Auteurs: John D. Herrington, Brenna B. Maddox, Connor M. Kerns, Keiran Rump, Julie A. Worley, Jennifer C. Bush, Alana J. McVey, Robert T. Schultz, Judith S. Miller

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 12/2017

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that longstanding findings of abnormal amygdala morphology in ASD may be related to symptoms of anxiety. To test this hypothesis, fifty-three children with ASD (mean age = 11.9) underwent structural MRI and were divided into subgroups to compare those with at least one anxiety disorder diagnosis (n = 29) to those without (n = 24) and to a typically developing control group (TDC; n = 37). Groups were matched on age and intellectual level. The ASD and anxiety group showed decreased right amygdala volume (controlled for total brain volume) relative to ASD without anxiety (p = .04) and TDCs (p = .068). Results suggest that youth with ASD and co-occurring anxiety have a distinct neurodevelopmental trajectory.

vorige artikel Anxiety and ASD: Current Progress and Ongoing Challenges

volgende artikel How Anxious Do You Think I Am? Relationship Between State and Trait Anxiety in Children With and Without ASD During Social Tasks

Aggleton, J. P., & Passingham, R. E. (1981). Syndrome produced by lesions of the amygdala in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 95(6), 961–977.CrossRefPubMed

Amaral, D. G. (2002). The primate amygdala and the neurobiology of social behavior: implications for understanding social anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 51(1), 11–17.CrossRefPubMed

Amaral, D. G., Bauman, M. D., & Schumann, C. M. (2003). The amygdala and autism: implications from non-human primate studies. Genes, Brain, and Behavior, 2(5), 295–302.CrossRefPubMed

Avants, B. B., Tustison, N. J., Stauffer, M., Song, G., Wu, B., & Gee, J. C. (2014). The Insight ToolKit image registration framework. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. doi:10.3389/fninf.2014.00044.PubMedPubMedCentral

Aylward, E. H., Minshew, N. J., Goldstein, G., Honeycutt, N. A., Augustine, A. M., Yates, K. O., … Pearlson, G. D. (1999). MRI volumes of amygdala and hippocampus in non-mentally retarded autistic adolescents and adults. Neurology, 53(9), 2145–2150.CrossRefPubMed

Baas, D., Aleman, A., & Kahn, R. (2004). Lateralization of amygdala activation: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies. Brain Research Reviews, 45(2), 96–103.CrossRefPubMed

Bauman, M. D., Lavenex, P., Mason, W. A., Capitanio, J. P., & Amaral, D. G. (2004a). The development of mother-infant interactions after neonatal amygdala lesions in rhesus monkeys. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 24(3), 711–721. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3263-03.2004.CrossRef

Bauman, M. D., Lavenex, P., Mason, W. A., Capitanio, J. P., & Amaral, D. G. (2004b). The development of social behavior following neonatal amygdala lesions in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(8), 1388–1411. doi:10.1162/0898929042304741.CrossRefPubMed

Bickart, K. C., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2014). The amygdala as a hub in brain networks that support social life. Neuropsychologia, 63, 235–248. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.013.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bickart, K. C., Hollenbeck, M. C., Barrett, L. F., & Dickerson, B. C. (2012). Intrinsic amygdala-cortical functional connectivity predicts social network size in humans. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(42), 14729–14741. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1599-12.2012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bickart, K. C., Wright, C. I., Dautoff, R. J., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2011). Amygdala volume and social network size in humans. Nature Neuroscience, 14(2), 163–164. doi:10.1038/nn.2724.

Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 545–553. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018.CrossRefPubMed

Blackmon, K., Barr, W. B., Carlson, C., Devinsky, O., Dubois, J., Pogash, D., … Thesen, T. (2011). Structural evidence for involvement of a left amygdala-orbitofrontal network in subclinical anxiety. Psychiatry Research, 194(3), 296–303. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.05.007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brothers, L. (1990). The social brain: A project for integrating primate behaviour and neurophysiology in a new domain. Concepts in Neuroscience, 1, 27–51.

Brown, S., & Schafer, E. A. (1888). An investigation into the functions of the occipital and temporal lobes of the monkey’s brain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, 179, 303–327.CrossRef

Carper, R. A., Moses, P., Tigue, Z. D., & Courchesne, E. (2002). Cerebral lobes in autism: Early hyperplasia and abnormal age effects. NeuroImage, 16(4), 1038–1051.CrossRefPubMed

Chandler, S., Charman, T., Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., … Pickles, A. (2007). Validation of the social communication questionnaire in a population cohort of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(10), 1324–1332. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31812f7d8d.CrossRef

Courchesne, E., Karns, C. M., Davis, H. R., Ziccardi, R., Carper, R. A., Tigue, Z. D., … Courchesne, R. Y. (2001). Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder: An MRI study. Neurology, 57(2), 245–254.CrossRefPubMed

De Bellis, M. D., Casey, B. J., Dahl, R. E., Birmaher, B., Williamson, D. E., Thomas, K. M., … Ryan, N. D. (2000). A pilot study of amygdala volumes in pediatric generalized anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 48(1), 51–57.CrossRefPubMed

Elliot, C. (2007). The differential abilities scale, Second Edition (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments, Inc.

Entis, J. J., Doerga, P., Barrett, L. F., & Dickerson, B. C. (2012). A reliable protocol for the manual segmentation of the human amygdala and its subregions using ultra-high resolution MRI. NeuroImage, 60(2), 1226–1235. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.073.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fein, G., & Fein, D. (2013). Subcortical volumes are reduced in short-term and long-term abstinent alcoholics but not those with a comorbid stimulant disorder. NeuroImage Clinical, 3, 47–53. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.06.018.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fein, G., Greenstein, D., Cardenas, V. A., Cuzen, N. L., Fouche, J.-P., Ferrett, H., … Stein, D. J. (2013). Cortical and subcortical volumes in adolescents with alcohol dependence but without substance or psychiatric comorbidities. Psychiatry Research, 214(1), 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.06.001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fisler, M. S., Federspiel, A., Horn, H., Dierks, T., Schmitt, W., Wiest, R., … Soravia, L. M. (2013a). Spider phobia is associated with decreased left amygdala volume: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 70. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fisler, M. S., Federspiel, A., Horn, H., Dierks, T., Schmitt, W., Wiest, R., … Soravia, L. M. (2013b). Spider phobia is associated with decreased left amygdala volume: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 70. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gerritsen, L., Rijpkema, M., van Oostrom, I., Buitelaar, J., Franke, B., Fernández, G., & Tendolkar, I. (2012). Amygdala to hippocampal volume ratio is associated with negative memory bias in healthy subjects. Psychological Medicine, 42(2), 335–343. doi:10.1017/S003329171100122X.CrossRefPubMed

Hayano, F., Nakamura, M., Asami, T., Uehara, K., Yoshida, T., Roppongi, T., … Hirayasu, Y. (2009). Smaller amygdala is associated with anxiety in patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63(3), 266–276. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01960.x.CrossRefPubMed

Hazlett, H. C., Poe, M., Gerig, G., Smith, R. G., Provenzale, J., Ross, A., … Piven, J. (2005). Magnetic resonance imaging and head circumference study of brain size in autism: birth through age 2 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(12), 1366–1376.CrossRefPubMed

Haznedar, M. M., Buchsbaum, M. S., Wei, T. C., Hof, P. R., Cartwright, C., Bienstock, C. A., & Hollander, E. (2000). Limbic circuitry in patients with autism spectrum disorders studied with positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(12), 1994–2001. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.1994.CrossRefPubMed

Herrington, J. D., Miller, J. S., Pandey, J., & Schultz, R. T. (2016). Anxiety and social deficits have distinct relationships with amygdala function in autism spectrum disorder. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(6), 907–914. doi:10.1093/scan/nsw015.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Herrington, J. D., Maddox, B. B., McVey, A. J., Franklin, M. E., Yerys, B. E., Miller, J. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2017). Negative valence in autism spectrum disorder: The relationship between amygdala activity, selective attention, and co-occurring anxiety. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.03.009.

Herz, D. M., Haagensen, B. N., Christensen, M. S., Madsen, K. H., Rowe, J. B., Løkkegaard, A., & Siebner, H. R. (2015). Abnormal dopaminergic modulation of striato-cortical networks underlies levodopa-induced dyskinesias in humans. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 138(Pt 6), 1658–1666. doi:10.1093/brain/awv096.CrossRef

Howard, M. A., Cowell, P. E., Boucher, J., Broks, P., Mayes, A., Farrant, A., & Roberts, N. (2000). Convergent neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence of an amygdala hypothesis of autism. Neuroreport, 11(13), 2931–2935.CrossRefPubMed

Juranek, J., Filipek, P. A., Berenji, G. R., Modahl, C., Osann, K., & Spence, M. A. (2006). Association between amygdala volume and anxiety level: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in autistic children. Journal of Child Neurology, 21(12), 1051–1058.CrossRefPubMed

Kazama, A. M., Heuer, E., Davis, M., & Bachevalier, J. (2012). Effects of neonatal amygdala lesions on fear learning, conditioned inhibition, and extinction in adult macaques. Behavioral Neuroscience, 126(3), 392–403. doi:10.1037/a0028241.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kerns, C. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2012). The presentation and classification of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 19(4), 323–347. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12009.

Kerns, C. M., Kendall, P. C., Berry, L., Souders, M. C., Franklin, M. E., Schultz, R. T., … Herrington, J. (2014). Traditional and atypical presentations of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11), 2851–2861. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2141-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kerns, C. M., Maddox, B. B., Kendall, P. C., Rump, K., Berry, L., Schultz, R. T., … Miller, J. (2015). Brief measures of anxiety in non-treatment-seeking youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 19(8), 969–979. doi:10.1177/1362361314558465.CrossRefPubMed

Kling, A. S., & Brothers, L. A. (1992). The amygdala and social behavior. In The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction (pp. 353–377). New York, NY: Wiley-Liss.

Kluver, H., & Bucy, P. (1939). Preliminary analysis of functions of the temporal lobes in monkeys. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 42(6), 979–1000.CrossRef

Le Couteur, A., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (2003). The autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., & Risi, S. (2002). Autism diagnostic observation schedule. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., Risi, S., Gotham, K., & Bishop, S. L. (2012). Autism diagnostic observation schedule (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Massana, G., Serra-Grabulosa, J. M., Salgado-Pineda, P., Gastó, C., Junqué, C., Massana, J., … Salamero, M. (2003). Amygdalar atrophy in panic disorder patients detected by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage, 19(1), 80–90.CrossRefPubMed

Mazefsky, C. A., Herrington, J., Siegel, M., Scarpa, A., Maddox, B. B., Scahill, L., & White, S. W. (2013). The role of emotion regulation in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(7), 679–688. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.006.CrossRef

Mazefsky, C. A., & Herrington, J. D. (2014). Autism and anxiety: etiologic factors and transdiagnostic processes. In T. E. Davis III, S. W. White & T. H. Ollendick (Eds.), Handbook of Autism and Anxiety (pp. 91–106). New York, NY : Springer.

Milham, M. P., Nugent, A. C., Drevets, W. C., Dickstein, D. P., Leibenluft, E., Ernst, M., … Pine, D. S. (2005). Selective reduction in amygdala volume in pediatric anxiety disorders: A voxel-based morphometry investigation. Biological Psychiatry, 57(9), 961–966. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.038.CrossRefPubMed

Morey, R. A., Petty, C. M., Xu, Y., Pannu Hayes, J., Wagner, H. R., Lewis, D. V., … McCarthy, G. (2009). A comparison of automated segmentation and manual tracing for quantifying hippocampal and amygdala volumes. NeuroImage, 45(3), 855–866. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.033.CrossRefPubMed

Morey, R. A., Selgrade, E. S., Wagner, H. R., Huettel, S. A., Wang, L., & McCarthy, G. (2010). Scan-rescan reliability of subcortical brain volumes derived from automated segmentation. Human Brain Mapping. doi:10.1002/hbm.20973.PubMedPubMedCentral

Mosconi, M. W., Cody-Hazlett, H., Poe, M. D., Gerig, G., Gimpel-Smith, R., & Piven, J. (2009). Longitudinal study of amygdala volume and joint attention in 2- to 4-year-old children with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(5), 509–516. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.19.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mueller, S. C., Aouidad, A., Gorodetsky, E., Goldman, D., Pine, D. S., & Ernst, M. (2013). Gray matter volume in adolescent anxiety: an impact of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val(66)Met polymorphism? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(2), 184–195. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.11.016.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Munson, J., Dawson, G., Abbott, R., Faja, S., Webb, S. J., Friedman, S. D., … Dager, S. R. (2006). Amygdalar volume and behavioral development in autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(6), 686–693. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.686.CrossRefPubMed

Nacewicz, B. M., Dalton, K. M., Johnstone, T., Long, M. T., McAuliff, E. M., Oakes, T. R., … Davidson, R. J. (2006). Amygdala volume and nonverbal social impairment in adolescent and adult males with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(12), 1417–1428.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Patenaude, B., Smith, S. M., Kennedy, D. N., & Jenkinson, M. (2011). A Bayesian model of shape and appearance for subcortical brain segmentation. NeuroImage, 56(3), 907–922. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.046.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pierce, K., Müller, R. A., Ambrose, J., Allen, G., & Courchesne, E. (2001). Face processing occurs outside the fusiform “face area” in autism: evidence from functional MRI. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 124(10), 2059–2073.CrossRef

Prather, M. D., Lavenex, P., Mauldin-Jourdain, M. L., Mason, W. A., Capitanio, J. P., Mendoza, S. P., & Amaral, D. G. (2001). Increased social fear and decreased fear of objects in monkeys with neonatal amygdala lesions. Neuroscience, 106(4), 653–658.CrossRefPubMed

Qin, S., Young, C. B., Duan, X., Chen, T., Supekar, K., & Menon, V. (2014). Amygdala subregional structure and intrinsic functional connectivity predicts individual differences in anxiety during early childhood. Biological Psychiatry, 75(11), 892–900. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.006.CrossRefPubMed

Sacco, R., Gabriele, S., & Persico, A. M. (2015). Head circumference and brain size in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 234(2), 239–251. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.016.CrossRefPubMed

Schumann, C. M., Bloss, C. S., Barnes, C. C., Wideman, G. M., Carper, R. A., Akshoomoff, N., … Courchesne, E. (2010). Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of cortical development through early childhood in autism. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 30(12), 4419–4427. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5714-09.2010.CrossRef

Schumann, C. M., Hamstra, J., Goodlin-Jones, B. L., Lotspeich, L. J., Kwon, H., Buonocore, M. H., … Amaral, D. G. (2004). The amygdala is enlarged in children but not adolescents with autism; the hippocampus is enlarged at all ages. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 24(28), 6392–6401. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1297-04.2004.CrossRef

Schumann, C. M., & Nordahl, C. W. (2011). Bridging the gap between MRI and postmortem research in autism. Brain Research, 1380, 175–186. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.061.CrossRefPubMed

Silverman, W. K., Saavedra, L. M., & Pina, A. A. (2001). Test-retest reliability of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(8), 937–944.CrossRefPubMed

Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Charman, T., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., & Baird, G. (2008). Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), 921–929. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f.CrossRefPubMed

Smith, S. M. (2002). Fast robust automated brain extraction. Human Brain Mapping, 17(3), 143–155. doi:10.1002/hbm.10062.CrossRefPubMed

Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen-Berg, H., … Matthews, P. M. (2004). Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. NeuroImage, 23, S208–S219.CrossRefPubMed

Sparks, B. F., Friedman, S. D., Shaw, D. W., Aylward, E. H., Echelard, D., Artru, A. A., … Dager, S. R. (2002). Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Neurology, 59(2), 184–192.CrossRefPubMed

Stanfield, A. C., McIntosh, A. M., Spencer, M. D., Philip, R., Gaur, S., & Lawrie, S. M. (2008). Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies. European Psychiatry, 23(4), 289–299. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.006.CrossRefPubMed

Sukhodolsky, D. G., Scahill, L., Gadow, K. D., Arnold, L. E., Aman, M. G., McDougle, C. J., … Vitiello, B. (2008). Parent-rated anxiety symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders: frequency and association with core autism symptoms and cognitive functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(1), 117–128.CrossRefPubMed

Swanson, L. W., & Petrovich, G. D. (1998). What is the amygdala? Trends in Neurosciences, 21(8), 323–331.CrossRefPubMed

Tustison, N. J., Avants, B. B., Cook, P. A., Zheng, Y., Egan, A., Yushkevich, P. A., & Gee, J. C. (2010). N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 29(6), 1310–1320. doi:10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tyszka, J. M., & Pauli, W. M. (2016). In vivo delineation of subdivisions of the human amygdaloid complex in a high-resolution group template: In Vivo Amygdala Subdivisions. Human Brain Mapping. doi:10.1002/hbm.23289.PubMedPubMedCentral

van der Plas, E. A. A., Boes, A. D., Wemmie, J. A., Tranel, D., & Nopoulos, P. (2010). Amygdala volume correlates positively with fearfulness in normal healthy girls. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(4), 424–431. doi:10.1093/scan/nsq009.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

van Steensel, F. J. A., Bögels, S. M., & Perrin, S. (2011). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), 302–317. doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0097-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Whalen, P. J., & Phelps, E. A. (Eds.). (2009). The human amygdala. New York: Guilford Press.

Winkler, A. M., Ridgway, G. R., Webster, M. A., Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2014). Permutation inference for the general linear model. NeuroImage, 92, 381–397. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060.CrossRef

Wood, J. J., & Gadow, K. D. (2010). Exploring the nature and function of anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorders. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17(4), 281–292. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01220.x.

Yang, R. J., Mozhui, K., Karlsson, R.-M., Cameron, H. A., Williams, R. W., & Holmes, A. (2008). Variation in mouse basolateral amygdala volume is associated with differences in stress reactivity and fear learning. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(11), 2595–2604. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301665.CrossRef

Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005). Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23(2–3), 143–152. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Amygdala Volume Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Anxiety
Auteurs: John D. Herrington
Brenna B. Maddox
Connor M. Kerns
Keiran Rump
Julie A. Worley
Jennifer C. Bush
Alana J. McVey
Robert T. Schultz
Judith S. Miller
Publicatiedatum: 08-07-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 12/2017
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3206-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2017

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a School-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Intervention for Anxiety in Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Open Access
S.I. : Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders

The Stability of Self-Reported Anxiety in Youth with Autism Versus ADHD or Typical Development

S.I. : Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Anxiety and ASD: Current Progress and Ongoing Challenges

Editorial

Anxiety and Attentional Bias to Threat in Children at Increased Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Open Access
S.I. : Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Brief Report: Postsecondary Work and Educational Disruptions for Youth on the Autism Spectrum

Brief Report

Typical Pubertal Timing in an Australian Population of Girls and Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Original Paper