Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 3/2009

01-06-2009 | Original Paper

Ambiguous Loss and Posttraumatic Stress in School-Age Children of Prisoners

Auteurs: Erika London Bocknek, Jessica Sanderson, Preston A. Britner IV

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 3/2009

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

We describe a sample of school-age children of incarcerated parents enrolled in a federally funded mentoring program. A mixed methods approach was applied to discern key themes related to caregiver incarceration. Results demonstrated a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress as well as high rates of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Descriptions of children’s stress and coping behaviors in response to the ambiguous loss associated with parental incarceration are presented. Further, implications for similar mentoring programs are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4–18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4–18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M., Verhulst, F. C., Baron, G. D., & Akkerhuis, G. W. (1987). Epidemiological comparisons of American and Dutch children: I. Behavioral/emotional problems and competencies reported by parents for ages 4 to 16. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 317–325.PubMedCrossRef Achenbach, T. M., Verhulst, F. C., Baron, G. D., & Akkerhuis, G. W. (1987). Epidemiological comparisons of American and Dutch children: I. Behavioral/emotional problems and competencies reported by parents for ages 4 to 16. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 317–325.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beckerman, A. (1998). Charting a course: Meeting the challenge of permanency planning for children with incarcerated mothers. Child Welfare, 77, 513–530.PubMed Beckerman, A. (1998). Charting a course: Meeting the challenge of permanency planning for children with incarcerated mothers. Child Welfare, 77, 513–530.PubMed
go back to reference Boss, P. (1999). Ambiguous loss. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Boss, P. (1999). Ambiguous loss. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
go back to reference Boss, P. (2002). Family stress management: A contextual approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Boss, P. (2002). Family stress management: A contextual approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Boss, P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations: Special issue on ambiguous loss, 56, 105–111. Boss, P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations: Special issue on ambiguous loss, 56, 105–111.
go back to reference Boss, P., Greenberg, J., & Pearce-McCall, D. (1990). Measurement of boundary ambiguity in families. Station Bulletin (593–1990). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station. Boss, P., Greenberg, J., & Pearce-McCall, D. (1990). Measurement of boundary ambiguity in families. Station Bulletin (593–1990). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Agricultural Experiment Station.
go back to reference Carroll, J. S., Olson, C. D., & Buckmiller, N. (2007). Family boundary ambiguity: A 30-year review of theory, research, and measurement. Family Relations: Special issue on ambiguous loss, 56, 210–230. Carroll, J. S., Olson, C. D., & Buckmiller, N. (2007). Family boundary ambiguity: A 30-year review of theory, research, and measurement. Family Relations: Special issue on ambiguous loss, 56, 210–230.
go back to reference Dunst, C. J., Jenkins, V., & Trivette, C. M. (1984). Family Support Scale: Reliability and validity. Wellness Perspectives: Journal of Individual, Family, and Community Wellness, 1, 45–52. Dunst, C. J., Jenkins, V., & Trivette, C. M. (1984). Family Support Scale: Reliability and validity. Wellness Perspectives: Journal of Individual, Family, and Community Wellness, 1, 45–52.
go back to reference Eddy, J. M., & Reid, J. B. (2003). The adolescent children of incarcerated parents: A developmental perspective. In J. Travis & M. Waul (Eds.), Prisoners once removed: The impact of incarceration and reentry on children, families, and communities (pp. 233–258). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. Eddy, J. M., & Reid, J. B. (2003). The adolescent children of incarcerated parents: A developmental perspective. In J. Travis & M. Waul (Eds.), Prisoners once removed: The impact of incarceration and reentry on children, families, and communities (pp. 233–258). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
go back to reference Epstein, M. H., & Sharma, J. (1998). Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale: A strength-based approach to assessment. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Epstein, M. H., & Sharma, J. (1998). Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale: A strength-based approach to assessment. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
go back to reference Fletcher, K. E. (1993). The spectrum of posttraumatic responses in children. San Antonio: Presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Fletcher, K. E. (1993). The spectrum of posttraumatic responses in children. San Antonio: Presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
go back to reference Fritsch, T. A., & Burkhead, J. D. (1981). Behavioral reactions of children to parental absence due to imprisonment. Family Relations, 30, 83–88. doi:10.2307/584240.CrossRef Fritsch, T. A., & Burkhead, J. D. (1981). Behavioral reactions of children to parental absence due to imprisonment. Family Relations, 30, 83–88. doi:10.​2307/​584240.CrossRef
go back to reference Genty, P. M. (1998). Permanency planning in the context of parental incarceration: Legal issues and recommendations. Special issue on children with parents in prison. Child Welfare, 127, 543–559. Genty, P. M. (1998). Permanency planning in the context of parental incarceration: Legal issues and recommendations. Special issue on children with parents in prison. Child Welfare, 127, 543–559.
go back to reference Gjone, H., & Stevenson, J. (1997). The association between internalizing and externalizing behavior in childhood and early adolescence: Genetic or environmental common influences? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 277–286. doi:10.1023/A:1025708318528.PubMedCrossRef Gjone, H., & Stevenson, J. (1997). The association between internalizing and externalizing behavior in childhood and early adolescence: Genetic or environmental common influences? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 277–286. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1025708318528.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Greenwald, R., & Rubin, A. (1999). Assessment of posttraumatic symptoms in children: Development and preliminary validation of parent and child scales. Research on Social Work Practice, 9, 61–75.CrossRef Greenwald, R., & Rubin, A. (1999). Assessment of posttraumatic symptoms in children: Development and preliminary validation of parent and child scales. Research on Social Work Practice, 9, 61–75.CrossRef
go back to reference Harman, J. J., Smith, V. E., & Egan, L. C. (2007). The impact of incarceration on intimate relationship. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 794–815.CrossRef Harman, J. J., Smith, V. E., & Egan, L. C. (2007). The impact of incarceration on intimate relationship. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 794–815.CrossRef
go back to reference Henriques, Z. W. (1982). Imprisoned mothers and their children: A descriptive and analytical study. Washington, DC: University Press of America. Henriques, Z. W. (1982). Imprisoned mothers and their children: A descriptive and analytical study. Washington, DC: University Press of America.
go back to reference Kampfner, C. J. (1995). Posttraumatic stress reactions in children of imprisoned mothers. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 89–102). New York: Lexington Books. Kampfner, C. J. (1995). Posttraumatic stress reactions in children of imprisoned mothers. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 89–102). New York: Lexington Books.
go back to reference Lee, R. E., & Whiting, J. B. (2007). Foster children’s expressions of ambiguous loss. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 35, 417–428. Lee, R. E., & Whiting, J. B. (2007). Foster children’s expressions of ambiguous loss. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 35, 417–428.
go back to reference Mackintosh, V. H., Myers, B. J., & Kennon, S. S. (2006). Children of incarcerated mothers and their caregivers: Factors affecting the quality of their relationship. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15, 581–596. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9030-4.CrossRef Mackintosh, V. H., Myers, B. J., & Kennon, S. S. (2006). Children of incarcerated mothers and their caregivers: Factors affecting the quality of their relationship. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15, 581–596. doi:10.​1007/​s10826-006-9030-4.CrossRef
go back to reference Martinez, P., & Richters, J. E. (1993). The NIMH community violence project, II: Children’s distress symptoms associated with violence exposure. Psychiatry, 56, 22–35.PubMed Martinez, P., & Richters, J. E. (1993). The NIMH community violence project, II: Children’s distress symptoms associated with violence exposure. Psychiatry, 56, 22–35.PubMed
go back to reference McAdoo, H. P. (2002). African-American families. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 47–58). New York: The Guilford Press. McAdoo, H. P. (2002). African-American families. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 47–58). New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Mumola, C. (2000). Incarcerated parents and their children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Mumola, C. (2000). Incarcerated parents and their children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
go back to reference Parke, R. D., & Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (2003). The effects of parental incarceration on children: Perspectives, promises, and policies. In J. Travis & M. Waul (Eds.), Prisoners once removed: The impact of incarceration and reentry on children, families, and communities (pp. 189–232). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. Parke, R. D., & Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (2003). The effects of parental incarceration on children: Perspectives, promises, and policies. In J. Travis & M. Waul (Eds.), Prisoners once removed: The impact of incarceration and reentry on children, families, and communities (pp. 189–232). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
go back to reference Ruchkin, V., Henrich, C. C., Jones, S. M., Vermeiren, R., & Schwab-Stone, M. (2007). Violence exposure and psychopathology in urban youth: The mediating role of posttraumatic stress. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 578–593. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9114-7.PubMedCrossRef Ruchkin, V., Henrich, C. C., Jones, S. M., Vermeiren, R., & Schwab-Stone, M. (2007). Violence exposure and psychopathology in urban youth: The mediating role of posttraumatic stress. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 578–593. doi:10.​1007/​s10802-007-9114-7.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Seymour, C. (1998). Children with parents in prison: Child welfare policy, program, and practice. Special issue on children with parents in prison. Child Welfare, 127, 469–494. Seymour, C. (1998). Children with parents in prison: Child welfare policy, program, and practice. Special issue on children with parents in prison. Child Welfare, 127, 469–494.
go back to reference Stanton, A. M. (1980). When mothers go to jail. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company. Stanton, A. M. (1980). When mothers go to jail. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.
Metagegevens
Titel
Ambiguous Loss and Posttraumatic Stress in School-Age Children of Prisoners
Auteurs
Erika London Bocknek
Jessica Sanderson
Preston A. Britner IV
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2009
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 3/2009
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9233-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2009

Journal of Child and Family Studies 3/2009 Naar de uitgave