Age-Specific Mental Health Profiles of Combat Veterans: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Disorders

The aim of this study was to examine how current age group (18–30, 31–50, 50 + years) is associated with PTSD symptoms, chronicity and social adaptation among US combat veterans. The methodology consisted of a cross-sectional survey of 100 combat veterans using the PCL-5 scale and thematic analysis of open-ended responses to compare coping strategies, vulnerability and social adjustment across age groups. The results showed that age significantly shaped the manifestation and persistence of PTSD symptoms. All participants demonstrated PTSD indicators on the PCL-5, but younger veterans (18–30) reported the highest levels of psychological vulnerability (score 4.2) and limited coping strategies. Middle-aged veterans showed comparatively lower vulnerability (score 3.6) but the highest level of family stress (score 4.5), indicating strain linked to family and professional responsibilities. Older veterans (50+) reported the lowest vulnerability (score 2.9) yet continued to experience notable family stress (score 3.8), often accompanied by long-term traumatic memories and challenges accessing support. Qualitative findings confirmed distinct age-related patterns: younger veterans relied on avoidance and struggled with emotion regulation; middle-aged participants faced tension between resilience, caregiving duties and work demands; and older veterans showed declining resilience, with symptoms aggravated by health issues and isolation. These results indicate that PTSD evolves differently across the life span and highlight the need for age-specific interventions that reinforce coping resources, social support and prevent chronicity.