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09-05-2015 | Original Article

Age-related differences in the P3 amplitude in change blindness

Auteurs: Katharina Bergmann, Anna-Lena Schubert, Dirk Hagemann, Andrea Schankin

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 4/2016

Abstract

Observers often miss visual changes in the environment when they co-occur with other visual disruptions. This phenomenon is called change blindness. Previous research has shown that change blindness increases with age. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of post-perceptual stimulus processing in age differences. Therefore, the P3 component of the event-related potential was measured while younger, middle-aged, and older participants performed a change detection task under different task demands. Older adults detected fewer changes than younger adults, even when the task was very easy. Detected changes elicited greater P3 amplitudes than undetected changes in younger adults. This effect was reduced or even absent for middle-aged and older participants, irrespective of task demands. Because this P3 effect is supposed to reflect participants’ confidence in change detection, less confidence in own responses may explain the decline of change detection performance in normal aging.

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An analysis with extreme age groups, i.e., with the outer quartiles of the age distribution (N = 19 per age group), yielded similar results: when highlighted change positions were analyzed, the main effect of age group did not reach significance, F(1,35) < 1.0. Participants’ age group and the type of change (detected, undetected, and no changes) interacted with one another, F(2,70) = 7.5, p = 0.002, ε = 0.921, ω ² = 0.157. Participants’ age group and the experimental condition did not interact with each other, F(1,35) = 1.3, p = 0.257, ω ² = 0.008. The three-way interaction of age group with change type and condition was not significant, F(2,70) < 1.0.

In this analysis we only compare the 4-mudsplash condition with the 8-mudsplash condition (both presented in Block 2), but did not include the 6-mudsplash (presented in Block 1), to avoid a confound between the number of mudsplashes with the way of presentation. Because in Block 2 the 4-mudsplash and the 8-mudsplash condition were presented mixed together, i.e., the number of mudsplashes was not predictable from trial to trial, task demands increased in general and participants’ uncertainty might be higher than in Block 1.

Similar results were found when the number of mudsplashes was analyzed with extreme age groups, i.e., with the outer quartiles of the age distribution (N = 19 per age group). The main effect of age group did not reach significance, F(1,34) = 1.0. Participants’ age group and the type of change (detected, undetected, and no changes) interacted with one another, F(2,68) = 13.0, p < 0.001, ε = 0.619, ω ² = 0.261. Participants’ age group and the experimental condition did not interact with each other, F(1,34) < 1.0. The three-way interaction of age group with change type and condition was not significant, F(2,68) = 1.1, p = 0.336, ε = 0.999, ω ² = 0.003.

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Titel: Age-related differences in the P3 amplitude in change blindness
Auteurs: Katharina Bergmann
Anna-Lena Schubert
Dirk Hagemann
Andrea Schankin
Publicatiedatum: 09-05-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-015-0669-6

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