Top

Mindfulness

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

27-10-2020 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Age-related differences in instructed positive reappraisal and mindful attention

Auteurs: Brooke Brady, Craig Gonsalvez, Ian I. Kneebone, Ella Wufong, Phoebe E. Bailey

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 3/2021

Abstract

Objectives

The present study assessed age-related differences in the success of instructed mindful attention and positive reappraisal, as well as trait affect and emotion regulation.

Methods

Young and older adults were instructed to regulate their emotions while viewing frightening and amusing films using three separate instructions (just watch, positive reappraisal, or mindful attention). Participants rated the strength of their experience of the target emotion (fear or amusement) and success in following the instruction to regulate. Electrodermal activity was recorded continuously, and facial electromyography measured positive and negative facial expression. Trait measures of affect and emotion regulation were also administered.

Results

Electrodermal activity provided strong evidence that young adults successfully regulate fear using mindful attention and positive reappraisal relative to a just watch condition. Older adults’ electrodermal activity is was constant across conditions, and lower than young adults’ in the just watch condition, suggesting general hyporeactivity to fear. Subjective data suggest that young, but not older, adults successfully downregulate amusement using mindful attention.

Conclusion

These findings provide some evidence for emotion regulation benefits in young relative to older age. However, these youthful benefits may reflect reduced initial reactivity among older adults.

vorige artikel Applying Generalizability Theory to the Self-Compassion Scale to Examine State and Trait Aspects and Generalizability of Assessment Scores

volgende artikel Compassion for Oneself and Others Protects the Mental Health of First Responders

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Bailey, P. E., & Henry, J. D. (2009). Subconscious facial expression mimicry is preserved in older adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 24(4), 995–1000. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015789. CrossRefPubMed

Bohlmeijer, E., Ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011). Psychometric properties of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. Assessment, 18(3), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111408231. CrossRefPubMed

Brady, B., Kneebone, I. I., Denson, N., & Bailey, P. E. (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of age-related differences in instructed emotion regulation success. PeerJ, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6051.

Brady, B., Kneebone, I. I., & Bailey, P. E. (2019a). Validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in older community-dwelling adults. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12203. CrossRef

Brady, B., Kneebone, I. I., & Bailey, P. E. (2019b). Validation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire among community-dwelling older Adaults. Mindfulness, 10(3), 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0994-0. CrossRef

Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: a theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/2F0003-066X.54.3.165. CrossRef

Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2007). Emotion regulation and ageing. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 307-327). New York: The Guilford Press.

Cutler, S. J. (2001). Crime (against and by the elderly). In G. L. Maddox (Ed.), The encyclopedia of aging (3rd ed., pp. 260–262). New York: Springer.

de Frias, C. M., & Whyne, E. (2015). Stress on health-related quality of life in older adults: the protective nature of mindfulness. Aging & Mental Health, 19(3), 201–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.924090. CrossRef

Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010). A preliminary investigation of the effects of experimentally induced mindfulness on emotional responding to film clips. Emotion, 10(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017162. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Pimley, S., & Novacek, J. (1987). Age differences in stress and coping processes. Psychology and Aging, 2(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.2.2.171. CrossRefPubMed

Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Geiger, P. J., Boggero, I. A., Brake, C. A., Caldera, C. A., Combs, H. L., Peters, J. R., & Baer, R. A. (2016). Mindfulness-based interventions for older adults: a review of the effects on physical and emotional well-being. Mindfulness, 7(2), 296-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0444-1.

Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271. CrossRef

Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781. CrossRef

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348. CrossRefPubMed

Hofer, M., & Allemand, M. (2017). Dispositional and situational emotion regulation in younger and older adults. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 30, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000171. CrossRef

Hohaus, L. C., & Spark, J. (2013). Getting better with age: do mindfulness & psychological well-being improve in old age? European Psychiatry, 28, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(13)77295-X. CrossRef

Hsieh, S., Schubert, S., Hoon, C., Mioshi, E., & Hodges, J. R. (2013). Validation of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 36(3-4), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351671. CrossRefPubMed

Isaacowitz, D. M., Livingstone, K. M., & Castro, V. L. (2017). Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception. Current Opinion in Psychology, 17, 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.06.013. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion Press

Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., et al. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005. CrossRefPubMed

Kunzmann, U., Kappes, C., & Wrosch, C. (2014). Emotional aging: a discrete emotions perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00380.

Labouvie-Vief, G. (2009). Dynamic integration theory: Emotion, cognition, and equilibrium in later life. In V. L. Bengston, D. Gans, N. M. Pulney, & M. Silverstein (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (pp. 277–293). New York: Springer Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1037/11882-009

Labuschagne, I., Pedder, D. J., Henry, J. D., Terrett, G., & Rendell, P. G. (2020). Age differences in emotion regulation and facial muscle reactivity to emotional films. Gerontology, 66(1), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501584. CrossRefPubMed

Lalot, F., Delplanque, S., & Sander, D. (2014). Mindful regulation of positive emotions: a comparison with reappraisal and expressive suppression. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00243. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lohani, M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2014). Age differences in managing response to sadness elicitors using attentional deployment, positive reappraisal and suppression. Cognition and Emotion, 28(4), 678–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.853648. CrossRefPubMed

Mackinnon, A., Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., & Rodgers, B. (1999). A short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: evaluation of factorial validity and invariance across demographic variables in a community sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(3), 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00251-7. CrossRef

Mallya, S., & Fiocco, A. J. (2016). Effects of mindfulness training on cognition and well-being in healthy older adults. Mindfulness, 7(2), 453-465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0468-6.

Nowlan, J. S., Wuthrich, V. M., & Rapee, R. M. (2015). Positive reappraisal in older adults: a systematic literature review. Aging and Mental Health, 19, 475–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.954528. CrossRefPubMed

Pavlov, S. V., Reva, N. V., Loktev, K. V., Tumyalis, A. V., Korenyok, V. V., & Aftanas, L. I. (2014). The temporal dynamics of cognitive reappraisal: cardiovascular consequences of downregulation of negative emotion and upregulation of positive emotion. Psychophysiology, 51, 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12159. CrossRefPubMed

Pedder, D. J., Terrett, G., Bailey, P. E., Henry, J. D., Ruffman, T., & Rendell, P. G. (2016). Reduced facial reactivity as a contributor to preserved emotion regulation in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 31(1), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039985. CrossRefPubMed

Prakash, R. S., De Leon, A. A., Patterson, B., Schirda, B. L., & Janssen, A. L. (2014). Mindfulness and the ageing brain: a proposed paradigm shift. Frontiers in Ageing Neuroscience, 6, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00120. CrossRef

Prakash, R. S., Hussain, M. A., & Schirda, B. (2015). The role of emotion regulation and cognitive control in the association between mindfulness disposition and stress. Psychology and Aging, 30(1), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038544

Raes, A. K., Bruyneel, L., Loeys, T., Moerkerke, B., & De Raedt, R. (2013). Mindful attention and awareness mediate the association between age and negative affect. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt074. CrossRef

Rand, D. G., Kraft-Todd, G., & Gruber, J. (2015). The collective benefits of feeling good and letting go: positive emotion and (dis)inhibition interact to predict cooperative behavior. PloS One, 10(1), e0117426. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117426. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Reed, A. E., Chan, L., & Mikels, J. A. (2014). Meta-analysis of the age-related positivity effect: age differences in preferences for positive over negative information. Psychology and Aging, 29(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035194. CrossRefPubMed

Rejeski, W. J. (2008). Mindfulness: reconnecting the body and mind in geriatric medicine and gerontology. The Gerontologist, 48(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/48.2.135. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2011). Is timing everything? Temporal considerations in emotion regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15, 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868310395778. CrossRefPubMed

Shiota, M. N., & Levenson, R. W. (2009). Effects of ageing on experimentally instructed detached reappraisal, positive reappraisal, and emotional behavior suppression. Psychology & Aging, 24(4), 890–900. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017896. CrossRef

Slutsky, J., Rahl, H., Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Mindfulness, emotion regulation, and social threat. In J. C. Karremans & E. K. Papies (Eds.), Mindfulness in Social Psychology (pp. 79–93). New York: Routledge.

Teper, R., Segal, Z. V., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Inside the mindful mind: how mindfulness enhances emotion regulation through improvements in executive control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 449–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413495869. CrossRef

Vieillard, S., Harm, J., & Bigand, E. (2015). Expressive suppression and enhancement during music-elicited emotions in younger and older adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00011. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063 - 1070.

Titel: Age-related differences in instructed positive reappraisal and mindful attention
Auteurs: Brooke Brady
Craig Gonsalvez
Ian I. Kneebone
Ella Wufong
Phoebe E. Bailey
Publicatiedatum: 27-10-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 3/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01523-2

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2021

Facets of Mindfulness as Predictors of Emotional Distress Among Chinese Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Applying Generalizability Theory to Differentiate Between Trait and State in the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS)

Realization Is Here and Now

Dispositional Mindfulness Moderates the Relationship Between Family Risks and Chinese Parents’ Mental Health

Yoga v Health Education for Attentional Processes Relevant to Major Depressive Disorder

Positive Shifts in Emotion Evaluation Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in Remitted Depressed Participants