Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

30-01-2019 | Original Paper

Age of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nepal

Auteurs: Rena Shrestha, Cheryl Dissanayake, Josephine Barbaro

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 6/2019

Abstract

The current study investigated the age of diagnosis (AoD) of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Nepal by using de-identified data on 246 children with a diagnosis of ASD registered at AutismCare Nepal Society from 2010 to 2015. The mean AoD in children was 58 months (range 14–187 months). Majority of children were male (76%), lived in the Kathmandu valley (75%), and were from upper caste groups (62%). The mean diagnostic age of ASD in Nepal is much later than the age at which a reliable diagnosis is possible, indicating the need to reduce the gap between the age at which it is possible to diagnose ASD, and the average age at which ASD is currently diagnosed.

vorige artikel Correction to: Fifteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of Adult Outcomes of Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Children Attending Centers in Five Regional Departments in France: The EpiTED Cohort

volgende artikel Criminal Behavior and School Discipline in Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth with Autism

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th text revised edn.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edn.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef

Antezana, L., Scarpa, A., Valdespino, A., Albright, J., & Richey, J. A. (2017). Rural trends in diagnosis and services for autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 590. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00590.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

AutismCare Nepal Society. (2018). Annual report (2016–2017). Retrieved from http://autismnepal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Annual-Report-of-ACNS.pdf.

Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., … Dowling, N. F. (2018). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 67(6), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1.CrossRefPubMedCentral

Barbaro, J., & Dissanayake, C. (2013). Early markers of autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers prospectively identified in the social attention and communication study. Autism, 17(1), 64–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361312442597.CrossRefPubMed

Barbaro, J., & Halder, S. (2016). Early identification of autism spectrum disorder: Current challenges and future global directions. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 3(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-016-0078-6.CrossRef

Bello-Mojeed, M. A., Bakare, M. O., & Munir, K. (2014). Identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Africa: Need for shifting research and public health focus. In V. B. Patel, V. R. Preedy, & C. R. Martin (Eds.), Comprehensive Guide to Autism (pp. 2437–2453). New York: Springer.CrossRef

Bent, C. A., Dissanayake, C., & Barbaro, J. (2015). Mapping the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in children aged under 7 years in Australia, 2010–2012. The Medical Journal of Australia, 202(6), 317–320.CrossRefPubMed

Bhandari, G. P., Angdembe, M. R., Dhimal, M., Neupane, S., & Bhusal, C. (2014). State of non-communicable diseases in Nepal. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bhandari, P., Shrestha, S. S., & Ghimire, D. J. (2007). Sociocultural and Geographical Disparities in Child Immunization in Nepal. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 22(1), 43–64.CrossRef

Bickel, J., Bridgemohan, C., Sideridis, G., & Huntington, N. (2015). Child and family characteristics associated with age of diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder in a tertiary care setting. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000117.CrossRef

Bravo Oro, A., Vázquez Briseño, J., Cuello García, C. A., Calderón Sepúlveda, R. F., Villalobos, H., A. M., & Esmer Sánchez, C. (2012). Early manifestations of autism spectrum disorders. Experience of 393 cases in a child neurological centre. Neurología (English Edition), 27(7), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.09.002.CrossRef

Brett, D., Warnell, F., McConachie, H., & Parr, J. R. (2016). Factors affecting age at ASD diagnosis in UK: No evidence that diagnosis age has decreased between 2004 and 2014. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46, 1974–1984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2716-6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2012). National population and housing census 2011. Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics.

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Population monograph of Nepal, Volume II (Economic Demography). Retrieved from http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf.

Chen, C.-Y., Liu, C.-Y., Su, W.-C., Huang, S.-L., & Lin, K.-M. (2008). Urbanicity-related variation in help-seeking and services utilization among preschool-age children with autism in Taiwan. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(3), 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0416-y.CrossRefPubMed

Clark, M. L. E., Vinen, Z., Barbaro, J., & Dissanayake, C. (2017). School age outcomes of children diagnosed early and later with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3279-x.CrossRefPubMed

Coo, H., Ouellette-Kuntz, H., Lam, M., Yu, C. T., et al. (2012). Correlates of age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in six Canadian regions. Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada, 32(2), 90–100.PubMed

Daley, T. C. (2004). From symptom recognition to diagnosis: Children with autism in urban India. Social Science & Medicine, 58(7), 1323–1335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00330-7.CrossRef

Daniels, A. M., & Mandell, D. S. (2014). Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review. Autism, 18(5), 583–597. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313480277.CrossRefPubMed

Dawson, G. (2008). Early behavioral intervention, brain plasticity, and the prevention of autism spectrum disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 20(3), 775–803. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579408000370.CrossRefPubMed

Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y.-J., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcín, C., … Fombonne, E. (2012). Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Autism Research, 5(3), 160–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.239.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Flanagan, H. E., Perry, A., & Freeman, N. L. (2012). Effectiveness of large-scale community-based intensive behavioral intervention: A waitlist comparison study exploring outcomes and predictors. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(2), 673–682.CrossRef

Fountain, C., King, M. D., & Bearman, P. S. (2011). Age of diagnosis for autism: Individual and community factors across 10 birth cohorts. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(6), 503–510. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.104588.CrossRefPubMed

Giarelli, E., Wiggins, L. D., Rice, C. E., Levy, S. E., Kirby, R. S., Pinto-Martin, J., & Mandell, D. (2010). Sex differences in the evaluation and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders among children. Disability and Health Journal, 3(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2009.07.001.CrossRefPubMed

Goli, S., Bhandari, P., Atla, U. M. R., & Chattopadhayay, A. (2017). Childhood mortality differentials by ecological region in Nepal. Population, Space and Place, 23(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1977.CrossRef

Gotham, K., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2009). Standardizing ADOS scores for a measure of severity in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(5), 693–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0674-3.CrossRefPubMed

IBM Corp. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0). Armonk, NYI:IBM Corp.

Idring, S., Rai, D., Dal, H., Dalman, C., Sturm, H., Zander, E., … Magnusson, C. (2012). Autism spectrum disorders in the Stockholm youth cohort: Design, prevalence and validity. PLoS ONE, 7(7), e41280. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041280.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Juneja, M., Mukherjee, S., & Sharma, S. (2005). A descriptive hospital based study of children with autism. Indian Pediatrics, 42(5), 453.PubMed

Kommu, J. V. S., Srinath, K. R.,G., Girimaji, S., Seshadri, S. C. P., Gopalakrishna, S., G., & Doddaballapura, K., S (2017). Profile of two hundred children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from a tertiary child and adolescent psychiatry centre. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.017.CrossRefPubMed

Lagunju, I. A., Bella-Awusah, T. T., & Omigbodun, O. O. (2014). Autistic disorder in Nigeria: Profile and challenges to management. Epilepsy & Behavior, 39, 126–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.08.020.CrossRef

Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H. Jr., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., … Rutter, M. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205–223.CrossRefPubMed

Mandell, D. S., Knashawn, H. M., Xie, M., Lindsay, M. S., Aubyn, J. L., C. S., & Steven, C. M. (2010). Age of diagnosis among medicaid-enrolled children with autism, 2001–2004. Psychiatric Services, 61(8), 822–829. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2010.61.8.822. doi.CrossRefPubMed

Mandell, D. S., Novak, M. M., & Zubritsky, C. D. (2005). Factors associated with age of diagnosis among children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 116(6), 1480–1486. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0185.CrossRefPubMed

Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, & ICF International. (2012). Nepal demographic and health survey 2011. Kathmandu: Ministry of Health and Population.

Montiel-Nava, C., Chacín, J. A., & González-Ávila, Z. (2017). Age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in Latino children: The case of Venezuelan children. Autism, 21(5), 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317701267.CrossRefPubMed

Pandey, J. P., Dhakal, M. R., Karki, S., Poudel, P., & Pradhan, M. S. (2013). Maternal and child health in Nepal: The effects of caste, ethnicity, and regional identity: Further analysis of the 2011 Nepal demographic and health survey. Calverton, MD: Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International.

Peters-Scheffer, N., Didden, R., Korzilius, H., & Matson, J. (2012). Cost comparison of early intensive behavioral intervention and treatment as usual for children with autism spectrum disorder in the Netherlands. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(6), 1763–1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.04.006.CrossRefPubMed

Petrou, A. M., Parr, J. R., & McConachie, H. (2018). Gender differences in parent-reported age at diagnosis of children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 50, 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.003.CrossRef

Preeti, K., Srinath, D., Seshadri, S., Girimaji, S. P., S. C., & Kommu, J. V. S. (2017). Lost time—Need for more awareness in early intervention of autism spectrum disorder. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 25, 13–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.021.CrossRef

Randall, M., Sciberras, E., Brignell, A., Ihsen, E., Efron, D., Dissanayake, C., & Williams, K. (2016). Autism spectrum disorder: Presentation and prevalence in a nationally representative Australian sample. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(3), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867415595287.CrossRef

Rosenberg, R. E., Landa, R., Law, J. K., Stuart, E. A., & Law, P. A. (2011). Factors affecting age at initial autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national survey. Autism Research and Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/874619.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shakya, D. R. (2010). Psychiatric morbidity profiles of child and adolescent psychiatry out-patients in a tertiary-care hospital. Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society, 30(2), 79–84.CrossRef

Shooshtari, A. A., Sadeghiyeh, T., Mohammadi, M. R., Ghanizadeh, A., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2009). Symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorder, a clinical sample. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 4(4), 165–169.

Shrestha, M., & Santangelo, S. (2014). Autism: Challenge in Nepal. In V. B. Patel, V. R. Preedy, & C. R. Martin (Eds.), Comprehensive Guide to Autism (pp. 2497–2507): New York: Springer.CrossRef

Shrestha, M., & Shrestha, R. (2014). Symptom recognition to diagnosis of autism in Nepal. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(6), 1483–1485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2005-6.CrossRefPubMed

Springer, P. E., van Toorn, R., Laughton, B., & Kidd, M. (2013). Characteristics of children with pervasive developmental disorders attending a developmental clinic in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Child Health, 7, 95–99.CrossRef

Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th edn.). USA: Pearson Education Limited.

Talero-Gutiérrez, C., Rodríguez, M., De La Rosa, D., Morales, G., & Vélez-Van-Meerbeke, A. (2012). Profile of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in an institution in Bogotá, Colombia. Neurología (English Edition), 27(2), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.03.001.CrossRef

Thapa, R. (2016). Retrospective descriptive study of cerebral palsy in Nepal. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(7), 2285–2291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2757-x.CrossRefPubMed

Tilahun, D., Hanlon, C., Fekadu, A., Tekola, B., Baheretibeb, Y., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2016). Stigma, explanatory models and unmet needs of caregivers of children with developmental disorders in a low-income African country: A cross-sectional facility-based survey. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1.CrossRef

Tulachan, P., Chapagain, M., Kunwar, A., & Sharma, V. (2014). Psychiatric morbidity pattern in a child and adolescent guidance clinic. Journal of Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal, 1(1), 20–23.CrossRef

Valicenti-McDermott, M., Hottinger, K., Seijo, R., & Shulman, L. (2012). Age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. The Journal of Pediatrics, 161(3), 554–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.012.CrossRefPubMed

Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P. J. M., van Eeten, E., Groen, W. B., Van Deurzen, P. A., Oosterling, I. J., & Van der Gaag, R. J. (2014). Gender and age differences in the core triad of impairments in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 627–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1913-9.CrossRefPubMed

Vivanti, G., Barbaro, J., Hudry, K., Dissanayake, C., & Prior, M. (2013). Intellectual development in autism spectrum disorders: New insights from longitudinal studies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 354. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00354.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Williams, E., Thomas, K., Sidebotham, H., & Emond, A. (2008). Prevalence and characteristics of autistic spectrum disorders in the ALSPAC cohort. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(9), 672–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03042.x. doi.CrossRef

World Health Organization. (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Titel: Age of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nepal
Auteurs: Rena Shrestha
Cheryl Dissanayake
Josephine Barbaro
Publicatiedatum: 30-01-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03884-7

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2019

Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM)

EEG Abnormalities as a Neurophysiological Biomarker of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Cohort Study

Brief Report: Estimating the Dental Age of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Brief Report: Acoustic Evidence for Increased Articulatory Stability in the Speech of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Correction to: Fifteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of Adult Outcomes of Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Children Attending Centers in Five Regional Departments in France: The EpiTED Cohort

Psychotropic Medication Use for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder who Receive Services and Supports Through Adult Developmental Disability Services in the United States