Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-08-2015 | Original Article

Age Differences in Interpretation Bias in Community and Comorbid Depressed and Anxious Samples

Auteurs: Dusanka Tadic, Viviana M. Wuthrich, Ronald M. Rapee

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2015

Abstract

Negative interpretation biases have been associated with clinical depression and anxiety. However, ageing is associated with a positivity effect, in which older adults have a positive interpretation bias compared to younger adults. Few studies have compared interpretation biases in younger and older adults and fewer have made this comparison in clinical samples with anxiety and depression. This study conducted a signal detection analysis to assess differences in interpretation biases to ambiguous sentences in a control and a depressed and anxious sample of younger (18–30 years) and older (60+ years) adults. Participants completed an interpretation bias task in which they were presented with unambiguous neutral sentences and ambiguous sentences related to threat. In addition, participants completed a recognition memory task to assess sensitivity and response biases to threat. Clinical anxiety and depression was associated with a negative interpretation bias; however, there were no significant differences in sensitivity or response bias on the recognition memory task. Older age was associated with a positive interpretation bias. Compared to younger adults, older adults showed a positive interpretation bias for ambiguous sentences, and greater sensitivity towards neutral sentences. In contrast, younger adults showed a negative interpretation bias, as well as a response bias towards threatening sentences.

vorige artikel Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety, and Attentional Bias to Threat: Assessing the Psychometric Properties of Response Time Measures

volgende artikel Feeling Good and Taking a Chance? Associations of Hypomania Risk with Cognitive and Behavioral Risk Taking

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

The same younger and older clinical (comorbid depression and anxiety) and community groups completed the Expectancy Task and the Interpretation bias task reported here. The tasks were completed in randomised order between participants. Full results of the Expectancy Task are reported elsewhere (in preparation; Tadic et al. 2015a).

Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 176–181. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176.CrossRef

Beard, C., & Amir, N. (2009). Interpretation in social anxiety: When meaning preceded ambiguity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(4), 406–415. doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9235-0.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International University Press.

Beevers, C. G., Wells, T. T., Ellis, A. J., & Fischer, K. (2009). Identification of emotionally ambiguous interpersonal stimuli among dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(3), 283–290. doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9198-6.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Belzer, K., & Schneier, F. (2004). Comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders: Issues in conceptualization, assessment, and treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 10(5), 296–306.PubMedCrossRef

Berna, C., Lang, T. J., Goodwin, G. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2011). Developing a measure of interpretation bias for depressed mood: An ambiguous scenarios test. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 349–354. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.005.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Blanco, C., Rubio, J., Wall, M., Wang, S., Jiu, C. J., & Kendler, K. S. (2014). Risk factors for anxiety disorders: Common and specific effects in a national sample. Depression and Anxiety, 31, 756–764.PubMedCrossRef

Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Scehdule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

Brown, T. A., Korotitsch, W., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical samples. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 79–89. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00068-X.PubMedCrossRef

Cabeleira, C., Bucks, R., Teachman, B. A., & MacLeod, C. (2010). Emotional appraisal of ambiguous scenarios in older and younger adults. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the World Congress of Behavioral and Cognitive therapies, Boston, MA.

Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165–181. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165.PubMedCrossRef

Carstensen, L. L., & Mikels, J. A. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 117–121. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00348.x.CrossRef

Charles, S. T., Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003). Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 310–324. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.2.310.CrossRef

Dunn, V. K., & Sacco, W. P. (1989). Psychometric evaluation of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale using an elderly community sample. Psychology and Aging, 4(1), 125. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.4.1.125.PubMedCrossRef

Eysenck, M. W., Mogg, K., May, J., Richards, A., & Mathews, A. (1991). Bias in interpretation of ambiguous sentences related to threat in anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(2), 144–150. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.2.144.PubMedCrossRef

Goncalves, D. C., & Byrne, G. J. (2013). Who worries most? Worry prevalence and patterns across the lifespan. [Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study]. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(1), 41–49. doi:10.1002/gps.3788 PubMedCrossRef

Hindash, A. H. C., & Amir, N. (2012). Negative interpretation bias in individuals with depressive symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 502–511. doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9397-4.CrossRef

Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2000). Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(4), 705–712. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.705.PubMedCrossRef

Kendall, P. C., & Ingram, R. E. (1987). The future for cognitive assessment of anxiety: Let’s get specific. In L. Michelson & L. M. Ascher (Eds.), Anxiety and stress disorders: Cognitive-behavioral assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., Gatz, M., & Pedersen, N. L. (2007). The sources of co-morbidity between major depression and generalised anxiety disorder in a Swedish national twin sample. Psychological Medicine, 37, 453–462.PubMedCrossRef

Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 617–627. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Knight, B. G., Maines, M. L., & Robinson, G. S. (2002). The effects of sad mood on memory in older adults: A test of the mood congruence effect. Psychology and Aging, 17, 653–661. doi:10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.653.PubMedCrossRef

Kvaal, K., McDougall, F. A., Brayne, C., Matthews, F. E., Dewey, M. E., & MRC CFAS. (2008). Co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive disorders in a community sample of older people: Results from the MRC CFAS (Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 229–237. doi:10.1002/gps.1867.PubMedCrossRef

Lawson, C., & MacLeod, C. (1999). Depression and the interpretation of ambiguity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 463–474. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00131-4.PubMedCrossRef

Lawson, C., MacLeod, C., & Hammond, G. (2002). Interpretation revealed in the blink of an eye: Depressive bias in the resolution of ambiguity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 321–328. doi:10.1037//0021-843x.111.2.321.PubMedCrossRef

Lee, L. O., & Knight, B. G. (2009). Attentional bias for threat in older adults: Moderation of the positivity bias by trait anxiety and stimulus modality. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 741–747. doi:10.1037/a0016409.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Leigland, L. A., Schulz, L. E., & Janowsky, J. S. (2004). Age related changes in emotional memory. Neurobiology of Aging, 25, 1117–1124. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.10.015.PubMedCrossRef

Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.

MacLeod, C., & Cohen, I. L. (1993). Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguity: A text comprehension study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 238–247. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.102.2.238.PubMedCrossRef

Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003). Aging and attentional biases for emotional faces. Psychological Science, 14, 409–415. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.01455.PubMedCrossRef

Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 496–502. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.005.PubMedCrossRef

Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000). Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(4), 602–615. doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.4.602.PubMedCrossRef

Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 167–195. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916.PubMedCrossRef

McNichol, D. (1972). A primer of signal detection theory. London: Allen & Unwin Ltd.

Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Arnold, R., & Hodges, J. R. (2006). The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): A brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(11), 1078–1085. doi:10.1002/gps.1610.PubMedCrossRef

Mogg, K., Bradbury, K. E., & Bradley, B. P. (2006). Interpretation of ambiguous information in clinical depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(10), 1411–1419. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.008.PubMedCrossRef

Pachana, N. A., Byrne, G. J., Siddle, H., Koloski, N., Harley, E., & Arnold, E. (2007). Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. International Psychogeriatrics, 19(1), 103–114. doi:10.1017/S1041610206003504.PubMedCrossRef

Parmelee, P. A., Lawton, M. P., & Katz, I. R. (1989). Psychometric properties of the Geriatric Depression Scale among the institutionalized aged. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1(4), 331–338. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.4.331.CrossRef

Scheibe, S., & Carstensen, L. L. (2010). Emotional aging: Recent findings and future trends. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65B(2), 135–144. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp132.PubMedCentralCrossRef

Steinman, S. A., Smyth, F. L., Bucks, R. S., MacLeod, C., & Teachman, B. A. (2013). Anxiety-linked expectancy bias across the adult lifespan. Cognition and Emotion, 27(2), 345–355. doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.711743.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Tadic, D., Cabeleira, C. M., Bucks, R., MacLeod, C., Wuthrich, V. M., & Rapee, R. M. (2015a). Age differences in negative expectancy bias in co-morbid depression and anxiety. Manuscript in preparation.

Tadic, D., Wuthrich, V., Rapee, R., Kangas, M., & Taylor, A. (2015b). Age differences in emotion regulation. Manuscript in preparation.

Teachman, B. A., & Gordon, T. (2009). Age differences in anxious responding: Older and calmer, unless the trigger is physical. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 703–714. doi:10.1037/a0016813.PubMedCrossRef

Wenzlaff, R. M., & Eisenberg, A. N. (2001). Mental control after dysphoria: Evidence of a suppressed, depressive bias. Behavior Therapy, 32, 27–45. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(01)80042-3.CrossRef

Wisco, B. E., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Interpretation bias and depressive symptoms: The role of self-relevance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(11), 1113–1122. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.08.004.PubMedCrossRef

Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37–49. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4.CrossRef

Titel: Age Differences in Interpretation Bias in Community and Comorbid Depressed and Anxious Samples
Auteurs: Dusanka Tadic
Viviana M. Wuthrich
Ronald M. Rapee
Publicatiedatum: 01-08-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9676-6

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2015

The Role of Early Experience and Cognitive Vulnerability: Presenting a Unified Model of the Etiology of Panic

Modeling the Neuroanatomical and Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Cognitive Insight in Non-clinical Subjects

Contextual Influences on Distress Intolerance: Priming Effects on Behavioral Persistence

The Use of Motivation Enhancement Therapy to Increase Utilization of a Preventative Intervention for Anxiety Sensitivity

Validation of a Self-Report Measure of Self-Efficacy in Contamination Fear: The Contamination Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES)

Perceived Emotion Control Moderates the Relationship Between Neuroticism and Generalized Anxiety Disorder