Top

Optie A:

Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
Optie B:

Deel de link per e-mail
Link delen

vorige artikel Mindful Parenting, Parenting Cognitions, and Pa...

volgende artikel Differential Susceptibility to the Benefits of ...

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

16-02-2019 | ORIGINAL PAPER | Uitgave 2/2021

Affective Neural Mechanisms of a Parenting-Focused Mindfulness Intervention

Tijdschrift:: Mindfulness > Uitgave 2/2021

Auteurs:: Caitlin C. Turpyn, Tara M. Chaplin, Sarah Fischer, James C. Thompson, John R. Fedota, Ruth A. Baer, Alexandra M. Martelli

» Toegang tot de volledige tekst krijgen

Belangrijke opmerkingen

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Abstract

Objectives

Behavioral evidence suggests that parenting-focused mindfulness interventions can improve parenting practices and enhance family wellbeing, potentially operating through altered emotional processing in parents. However, the mechanisms through which parent mindfulness interventions achieve their positive benefits have not yet been empirically tested, a knowledge which is key to refine and maximize intervention effects. Thus, as part of a randomized controlled trial, the present study examined the affective mechanisms of an 8-week parenting-focused mindfulness intervention, the Parenting Mindfully (PM) intervention, versus a minimal-intervention Parent Education control.

Methods

Twenty highly stressed mothers of adolescents completed pre- and post-intervention behavioral and fMRI sessions, in which mothers completed a parent-adolescent conflict interaction, fMRI emotion task, and fMRI resting state scan. Mothers reported on their mindful parenting, and maternal emotional reactivity to the parent-adolescent conflict task was assessed via observed emotion expression, self-reported negative emotion, and salivary cortisol reactivity.

Results

Results indicated that the PM intervention increased brain responsivity in the left posterior insula in response to negative affective stimuli and altered resting state functional connectivity in regions involved in self-reference, behavioral regulation, and social-emotional processing. Changes in mothers’ brain function and connectivity were associated with increased mindful parenting and decreased emotional reactivity to the parent-adolescent conflict task.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that mindfulness-based changes in maternal emotional awareness at the neurobiological level are associated with decreased emotional reactivity in parenting interactions, illuminating potential neurobiological targets for future parent-focused intervention.

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Hier inloggen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Met BSL Psychologie Totaal blijf je als professional steeds op de hoogte van de nieuwste ontwikkelingen binnen jouw vak. Met het online abonnement heb je toegang tot een groot aantal boeken, protocollen, vaktijdschriften en e-learnings op het gebied van psychologie en psychiatrie. Zo kun je op je gemak en wanneer het jou het beste uitkomt verdiepen in jouw vakgebied.

Meer informatie

Abraham, E., Hendler, T., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2016). Network integrity of the parental brain in infancy supports the development of children’s social competencies. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11, 1707–1718. PubMedPubMedCentral

Allen, M., Dietz, M., Blair, K. S., van Beek, M., Rees, G., Vestergaard-Poulsen, P., et al. (2012). Cognitive-affective neural plasticity following active-controlled mindfulness intervention. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 15601–15610. PubMed

Atzil, S., Hendler, T., & Feldman, R. (2011). Specifying the neurobiological basis of human attachment: brain, hormones, and behavior in synchronous and intrusive mothers. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36, 2603–2615. PubMedPubMedCentral

Bariola, E., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2011). Child and adolescent emotion regulation: the role of parental emotion regulation and expression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 198–212. PubMed

Behzadi, Y., Restom, K., Liau, J., & Liu, T. T. (2007). A component based noise correction method (CompCor) for BOLD and perfusion based fMRI. Neuroimage, 37, 90–101. PubMedPubMedCentral

Benn, R., Akiva, T., Arel, S., & Roeser, R. W. (2012). Mindfulness training effects for parents and educators of children with special needs. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1476–1487. PubMed

Bögels, S. M., Hellemans, J., van Deursen, S., Römer, M., & van der Meulen, R. (2014). Mindful parenting in mental health care: effects on parental and child psychopathology, parental stress, parenting, coparenting, and marital functioning. Mindfulness, 5, 536–551.

Braden, B. B., Pipe, T. B., Smith, R., Glaspy, T. K., Deatherage, B. R., & Baxter, L. C. (2016). Brain and behavior changes associated with an abbreviated 4-week mindfulness-based stress reduction course in back pain patients. Brain and Behavior, 6, 1–13.

Buss, K. A., Hill Goldsmith, H., & Davidson, R. J. (2005). Cardiac reactivity is associated with changes in negative emotion in 24-month-olds. Developmental Psychobiology, 46, 118–132. PubMed

Cauda, F., D’agata, F., Sacco, K., Duca, S., Geminiani, G., & Vercelli, A. (2011). Functional connectivity of the insula in the resting brain. Neuroimage, 55, 8–23. PubMed

Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009). Mindful emotion regulation: an integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 560–572. PubMed

Chaplin, T. M., Sinha, R., Simmons, J. A., Healy, S. M., Mayes, L. C., Hommer, R. E., & Crowley, M. J. (2012). Parent–adolescent conflict interactions and adolescent alcohol use. Addictive Behaviors, 37, 605–612. PubMedPubMedCentral

Chaplin, T. M., Hansen, A., Simmons, J., Mayes, L. C., Hommer, R. E., & Crowley, M. J. (2014). Parental–adolescent drug use discussions: physiological responses and associated outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55, 730–735.

Chaplin, T. M., Turpyn, C. C., Fischer, S., Martelli, A. M., Ross, C. E., Leichtweis, R. N., et al. (2018). Parenting-focused mindfulness intervention reduces stress and improves parenting in highly stressed mothers of adolescents. Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1026-9.

Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Greenberg, M. T., & Nix, R. L. (2010). Changing parent’s mindfulness, child management skills and relationship quality with their youth: results from a randomized pilot intervention trial. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 203–217. PubMed

Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Nix, R. L., Greenberg, M. T., Gayles, J. G., Bamberger, K. T., . . . Demi, M. A. (2015). Integrating mindfulness with parent training: effects of the mindfulness-enhanced strengthening families program. Developmental Psychology, 51, 26–35.

Cole, P. M., Barrett, K. C., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1992). Emotion displays in two-year-olds during mishaps. Child Development, 63, 314–324. PubMed

Crandall, A., Deater-Deckard, K., & Riley, A. W. (2015). Maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting: a conceptual framework. Developmental Review, 36, 105–126. PubMed

Deater-Deckard, K. (1998). Parenting stress and child adjustment: some old hypotheses and new questions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 314–332.

Deen, B., Koldewyn, K., Kanwisher, N., & Saxe, R. (2015). Functional organization of social perception and cognition in the superior temporal sulcus. Cerebral Cortex, 25, 4596–4609. PubMed

Dekeyser, M., Raes, F., Leijssen, M., Leysen, S., & Dewulf, D. (2008). Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1235–1245.

Desbordes, G., Negi, L. T., Pace, T. W., Wallace, B. A., Raison, C. L., & Schwartz, E. L. (2012). Effects of mindful-attention and compassion meditation training on amygdala response to emotional stimuli in an ordinary, non-meditative state. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 1–15.

Doll, A., Hölzel, B. K., Boucard, C. C., Wohlschläger, A. M., & Sorg, C. (2015). Mindfulness is associated with intrinsic functional connectivity between default mode and salience networks. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 1–11.

Duncan, L. G. (2007). Assessment of mindful parenting among parents of early adolescents: development and validation of the interpersonal mindfulness in parenting scale. Unpublished dissertation.

Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). Pilot study to gauge acceptability of a mindfulness-based, family-focused preventive intervention. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 30, 605–618. PubMedPubMedCentral

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial action coding system: a technique for the measurement of facial movement. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Elmadih, A., Wan, M. W., Downey, D., Elliott, R., Swain, J. E., & Abel, K. M. (2016). Natural variation in maternal sensitivity is reflected in maternal brain responses to infant stimuli. Behavioral Neuroscience, 130, 500–510. PubMed

Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011). Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 85–93. PubMed

Fan, Y., Duncan, N. W., de Greck, M., & Northoff, G. (2011). Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 903–911.

Farb, N. A., Segal, Z. V., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., Fatima, Z., & Anderson, A. K. (2007). Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2, 313–322. PubMedPubMedCentral

Farb, N. A., Anderson, A. K., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., & Segal, Z. V. (2010). Minding one’s emotions: mindfulness training alters the neural expression of sadness. Emotion, 10, 25–33. PubMedPubMedCentral

Farb, N. A., Segal, Z. V., & Anderson, A. K. (2012). Mindfulness meditation training alters cortical representations of interoceptive attention. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8, 15–26. PubMedPubMedCentral

Felver, J. C., Tipsord, J. M., Morris, M. J., Racer, K. H., & Dishion, T. J. (2017). The effects of mindfulness-based intervention on children’s attention regulation. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21, 872–881. PubMed

Gillham, J. E., Reivich, K. J., Freres, D. R., Chaplin, T. M., Shatté, A. J., Samuels, B., ... & Seligman, M. E. (2007). School-based prevention of depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled study of the effectiveness and specificity of the Penn Resiliency Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 9–19.

Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10, 83–91. PubMedPubMedCentral

Gupta, S. K. (2011). Intention-to-treat concept: a review. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 2, 109. PubMedPubMedCentral

Haase, L., May, A. C., Falahpour, M., Isakovic, S., Simmons, A. N., Hickman, S. D., ... & Paulus, M. P. (2015). A pilot study investigating changes in neural processing after mindfulness training in elite athletes. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 229.

Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 537–559. PubMed

Hölzel, B. K., Hoge, E. A., Greve, D. N., Gard, T., Creswell, J. D., Brown, K. W., ... & Lazar, S. W. (2013). Neural mechanisms of symptom improvements in generalized anxiety disorder following mindfulness training. NeuroImage: Clinical, 2, 448–458.

Izard, C. E. (1972). Patterns of emotions: a new analysis of anxiety and depression. New York: Academic Press.

Izard, C. E. (1979). The maximally discriminative facial movement coding system (MAX). Newark, DE: University of Delaware, Instructional Resource Center.

Jenkinson, M., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E., Woolrich, M. W., & Smith, S. M. (2012). FSL. Neuroimage, 62, 782–790. PubMed

Johnson, D. C., Thom, N. J., Stanley, E. A., Haase, L., Simmons, A. N., Shih, P. A. B., et al. (2014). Modifying resilience mechanisms in at-risk individuals: a controlled study of mindfulness training in marines preparing for deployment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 844–853.

Kabat-Zinn, J., & Hanh, T. N. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delacourt.

Kim, P., Strathearn, L., & Swain, J. E. (2016). The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans. Hormones and Behavior, 77, 113–123. PubMed

Kim, P., Capistrano, C. G., Erhart, A., Gray-Schiff, R., & Xu, N. (2017). Socioeconomic disadvantage, neural responses to infant emotions, and emotional availability among first-time new mothers. Behavioural Brain Research, 325, 188–196. PubMedPubMedCentral

Kirk, U., Gu, X., Harvey, A. H., Fonagy, P., & Montague, P. R. (2014). Mindfulness training modulates value signals in ventromedial prefrontal cortex through input from insular cortex. Neuroimage, 100, 254–262. PubMedPubMedCentral

Kirk, U., Gu, X., Sharp, C., Hula, A., Fonagy, P., & Montague, P. R. (2016). Mindfulness training increases cooperative decision making in economic exchanges: evidence from fMRI. NeuroImage, 138, 274–283. PubMedPubMedCentral

Laneri, D., Krach, S., Paulus, F. M., Kanske, P., Schuster, V., Sommer, J., & Müller-Pinzler, L. (2017). Mindfulness meditation regulates anterior insula activity during empathy for social pain. Human Brain Mapping, 38, 4034–4046. PubMedPubMedCentral

Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical Report A-8. Gainesville: University of Florida.

Laurent, H. K., & Ablow, J. C. (2012). The missing link: mothers’ neural response to infant cry related to infant attachment behaviors. Infant Behavior and Development, 35, 761–772. PubMed

Laursen, B., Coy, K. C., & Collins, W. A. (1998). Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence: a meta-analysis. Child Development, 69, 817–832. PubMedPubMedCentral

Lenzi, D., Trentini, C., Pantano, P., Macaluso, E., Iacoboni, M., Lenzi, G. L., & Ammaniti, M. (2009). Neural basis of maternal communication and emotional expression processing during infant preverbal stage. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 1124–1133. PubMed

Li, Y., Jakary, A., Gillung, E., Eisendrath, S., Nelson, S. J., Mukherjee, P., & Luks, T. (2016). Evaluating metabolites in patients with major depressive disorder who received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and healthy controls using short echo MRSI at 7 Tesla. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, 29, 523–533.

Lutz, A., Brefczynski-Lewis, J., Johnstone, T., & Davidson, R. J. (2008). Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: effects of meditative expertise. PLoS One, 3, e1897. PubMedPubMedCentral

Lutz, J., Herwig, U., Opialla, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., ... & Brühl, A. B. (2014). Mindfulness and emotion regulation—an fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9, 776–785.

Maliken, A. C., & Katz, L. F. (2013). Exploring the impact of parental psychopathology and emotion regulation on evidence-based parenting interventions: a transdiagnostic approach to improving treatment effectiveness. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16, 173–186. PubMed

Martorell, G. A., & Bugental, D. B. (2006). Maternal variations in stress reactivity: implications for harsh parenting practices with very young children. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 641. PubMed

May, L. M., Reinka, M. A., Tipsord, J. M., Felver, J. C., & Berkman, E. T. (2016). Parenting an early adolescent: a pilot study examining neural and relationship quality changes of a mindfulness intervention. Mindfulness, 7, 1203–1213.

Menon, V. (2015). Salience network. In A. W. Toga (Ed.), Brain mapping: an encyclopedia reference (Vol. 2, pp. 597–611). Cambridge: Academic Press.

Michalska, K. J., Decety, J., Liu, C., Chen, Q., Martz, M. E., Jacob, S., ... Lahey, B. B. (2014). Genetic imaging of the association of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms with positive maternal parenting. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 21.

Musser, E. D., Kaiser-Laurent, H., & Ablow, J. C. (2012). The neural correlates of maternal sensitivity: an fMRI study. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 428–436. PubMedPubMedCentral

National Institute on Drug Abuse (2012). Family checkup: positive parenting prevents drug abuse. Washington, DC.

Neece, C. L. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for parents of young children with developmental delays: implications for parental mental health and child behavior problems. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27, 174–186. PubMed

Opialla, S., Lutz, J., Scherpiet, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., ... & Brühl, A. B. (2015). Neural circuits of emotion regulation: a comparison of mindfulness-based and cognitive reappraisal strategies. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 265, 45–55.

Prinz, R. J., Foster, S., Kent, R. N., & O’Leary, K. D. (1979). Multivariate assessment of conflict in distressed and nondistressed mother-adolescent dyads. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 691–700. PubMedPubMedCentral

Rounsaville, B. J., Carroll, K. M., & Onken, L. S. (2001). A stage model of behavioral therapies research: getting started and moving on from stage I. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8, 133–142.

Rudolph, K. D., Troop-Gordon, W., & Granger, D. A. (2010). Peer victimization and aggression: moderation by individual differences in salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 843–856. PubMedPubMedCentral

Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2012). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford Press.

Sheeber, L., Hops, H., Alpert, A., Davis, B., & Andrews, J. (1997). Family support and conflict: prospective relations to adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 333–344. PubMed

Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S., Fisher, B. C., Wahler, R. G., Mcaleavey, K., ... & Sabaawi, M. (2006). Mindful parenting decreases aggression, noncompliance, and self-injury in children with autism. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 14, 169–177.

Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S., Singh, J., Curtis, W. J., Wahler, R. G., & McAleavey, K. M. (2007). Mindful parenting decreases aggression and increases social behavior in children with developmental disabilities. Behavior Modification, 31, 749–771. PubMed

Singh, N. N., Singh, A. N., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, J., Winton, A. S., & Adkins, A. D. (2010). Mindfulness training for parents and their children with ADHD increases the children’s compliance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 157–166.

Steinberg, L., & Silk, J. S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1: Children and parenting (pp. 103–133). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc..

Swain, J. E. (2011). The human parental brain: in vivo neuroimaging. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 35, 1242–1254. PubMed

Swain, J. E., Ho, S. S., Rosenblum, K. L., Morelen, D., Dayton, C. J., & Muzik, M. (2017). Parent–child intervention decreases stress and increases maternal brain activity and connectivity during own baby-cry: an exploratory study. Development and Psychopathology, 29, 535–553. PubMedPubMedCentral

Sze, J. A., Gyurak, A., Yuan, J. W., & Levenson, R. W. (2010). Coherence between emotional experience and physiology: does body awareness training have an impact? Emotion, 10, 803–814. PubMedPubMedCentral

Tang, Y. Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015). The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16, 213. PubMed

Taren, A. A., Gianaros, P. J., Greco, C. M., Lindsay, E. K., Fairgrieve, A., Brown, K. W., ... & Creswell, J. D. (2015). Mindfulness meditation training alters stress-related amygdala resting state functional connectivity: a randomized controlled trial. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10, 1758–1768.

Taylor, V. A., Grant, J., Daneault, V., Scavone, G., Breton, E., Roffe-Vidal, S., ... & Beauregard, M. (2011). Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators. Neuroimage, 57, 1524–1533.

Van der Oord, S., Bögels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2012). The effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with ADHD and mindful parenting for their parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 139–147. PubMed

Wan, M. W., Downey, D., Strachan, H., Elliott, R., Williams, S. R., & Abel, K. M. (2014). The neural basis of maternal bonding. PLoS One, 9, e88436. PubMedPubMedCentral

Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., & Nieto-Castanon, A. (2012). Conn: a functional connectivity toolbox for correlated and anticorrelated brain networks. Brain Connectivity, 2, 125–141. PubMed

Young, K. S., van der Velden, A. M., Craske, M. G., Pallesen, K. J., Fjorback, L., Roepstorff, A., & Parsons, C. E. (2018). The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on brain activity: a systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 424–433.

Titel: Affective Neural Mechanisms of a Parenting-Focused Mindfulness Intervention
Auteurs:: Caitlin C. Turpyn
Tara M. Chaplin
Sarah Fischer
James C. Thompson
John R. Fedota
Ruth A. Baer
Alexandra M. Martelli
Publicatiedatum: 16-02-2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01118-6
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Tijdschrift: Mindfulness
Uitgave 2/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Affective Neural Mechanisms of a Parenting-Focused Mindfulness Intervention

Publisher’s Note

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Publisher’s Note

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2021

Parent Mindfulness, Parenting, and Child Psychopathology in China

Mindful Parenting Interventions for the Postpartum Period: Acceptance and Preferences of Mothers with and Without Depressive Symptoms

Correction to: A Pilot Randomized Trial of a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention for Child Welfare-Involved Families

Mindful Parenting: Perspectives on the Heart of the Matter

Does Mothers’ Self-Reported Mindful Parenting Relate to the Observed Quality of Parenting Behavior and Mother-Child Interaction?

Differential Susceptibility to the Benefits of Mindful Parenting Depending on Child Dispositional Mindfulness