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2010 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

Addendum: discusdegeneratie van de lumbale wervelkolom

Auteur : Koos van Nugteren

Gepubliceerd in: Orthopedische casustiek

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

Gedurende het leven ondergaat een tussenwervelschijf leeftijdsgerelateerde veranderingen die degeneratief van karakter zijn. Dit proces van degeneratie begint al in de tweede decade van het leven. 1 Als gevolg daarvan kunnen gemakkelijk afwijkingen ontstaan in de directe omgeving van de discus zoals instabiliteit of facetgewrichtsartrose. Men gaat ervan uit dat discusdegeneratie het begin vormt van een langdurig proces dat kan leiden tot lage rugpijn.
Voetnoten
1
Innervatie vindt plaats via de ramus ventralis en van de nervus sinuvertebralis (ook wel nervus recurrens genoemd) van het desbetreffende segment, maar ook van de vertakkingen van de daarboven en daaronder liggende segmenten.
 
2
Extrasegmentale pijn: pijn die wordt gevoeld in meerdere huidsegmenten.
 
3
Op fig. 1a-3 is een scherpe begrenzing zichtbaar tussen de nucleus pulposus en de annulus fibrosus. Deze begrenzing is in werkelijkheid – op volwassen leeftijd – minder abrupt en vervaagt naarmate mensen ouder worden. De figuren in dit hoofdstuk zijn sterk vereenvoudigd weergegeven uit educatief oogpunt.
 
4
Op fig. 1a-3 is een scherpe begrenzing zichtbaar tussen de nucleus pulposus en de annulus fibrosus. Deze begrenzing is in werkelijkheid – op volwassen leeftijd – minder abrupt en vervaagt naarmate mensen ouder worden. De figuren in dit hoofdstuk zijn sterk vereenvoudigd weergegeven uit educatief oogpunt.
 
5
Hetzelfde mechanisme wordt aangetroffen bij een gedegenereerde achillespees: men vermoedt dat ook hier pijn ontstaat door prikkeling van de zenuwen die de prolifererende bloedvaatjes begeleiden.
 
6
Collageenvezels type I zijn goed bestand tegen trekbelasting: ze vormen een belangrijk bestanddeel van pezen, gewrichtsbanden en kapsels.
 
7
De beide facetgewrichten tussen L5 en S1 staan vrijwel in een frontaal vlak, terwijl de zich erboven bevindende facetgewrichten meer in een sagittaal vlak staan.
 
8
Bewegingssegment: hiermee wordt bedoeld de discus inclusief de beide aangrenzende wervels.
 
9
De terminologie is nogal verwarrend: soms wordt een lichte uitpuiling zonder annulaire rupturen al een hernia genoemd. Meestal wordt de term ‘hernia’ gebruikt wanneer door extrusie van nucleair materiaal een of meer zenuwwortels worden gecomprimeerd en hierdoor uitvalsverschijnselen optreden. Het nucleaire materiaal is bij een extrusie buiten de discus getreden.
 
10
Meer dan 30% aldus Schaller B. (2004).
 
11
Voor uitgebreide informatie over polyethyleenslijtage van gewrichtsprothesen zie ook casus K 103 van Orthopedische Casuïstiek.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Addendum: discusdegeneratie van de lumbale wervelkolom
Auteur
Koos van Nugteren
Copyright
2010
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8803-5_28