Skip to main content
Top

2014 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

8. Aanvullend onderzoek

Auteur : Petra van Nierop

Gepubliceerd in: Diagnostiek in de bekkenfysiotherapie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Inleiding

In dit hoofdstuk worden de aanvullende onderzoeksmethoden besproken die de bekkenfysiotherapeut tijdens het diagnostische proces tot haar beschikking heeft. Eerst het diagnostische ‘basispakket’: de EMG, de rectale en vaginale ballon, die elke bekkenfysiotherapeut in de opleiding leert hanteren. Vervolgens komen aanvullende diagnostische opties aan de beurt die niet door elke bekkenfysiotherapeut worden gebruikt en waarvoor aanvullende scholing noodzakelijk is: echografie, mictie-evaluatie en drukmeting.
Voetnoten
1
Kan worden waargenomen tijdens bekkenfysiotherapeutisch onderzoek, maar beoordeling hiervan ligt niet bij de bekkenfysiotherapeut.
 
2
1 mmHg = 13,595 mmH2O; 1 mmH2O = 9806,38 Pa = 0,9806 kPa.
 
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Vodusek D. Electromyography. In: Bø et al. Evidence-based Physical Therapy for the Pelvic Floor. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2007, 56–68. Vodusek D. Electromyography. In: Bø et al. Evidence-based Physical Therapy for the Pelvic Floor. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2007, 56–68.
3.
go back to reference Voorham-van der Zalm PJ, Voorham JC, Bos TW van den, Ouwerkerk TJ, Putter H, Wasser MN, Webb A, Deruiter MC, Pelger RC. Reliability and differentiation of pelvic floor muscle electromyography measurements in healthy volunteers using a new device: The multiple array probe Leiden (MAPLe). Neurourol Urodyn. 2012; Sep 12. Voorham-van der Zalm PJ, Voorham JC, Bos TW van den, Ouwerkerk TJ, Putter H, Wasser MN, Webb A, Deruiter MC, Pelger RC. Reliability and differentiation of pelvic floor muscle electromyography measurements in healthy volunteers using a new device: The multiple array probe Leiden (MAPLe). Neurourol Urodyn. 2012; Sep 12.
5.
go back to reference Hogen Esch F. Myofeedback – therapieboek. Delft: Enraf Nonius, 2004. Hogen Esch F. Myofeedback – therapieboek. Delft: Enraf Nonius, 2004.
6.
go back to reference Messelink et al. Standardization of Terminology of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function and Dysfunction: Report from the Pelvic Floor Clinical Assessment Group of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2005;24: 374–80. Messelink et al. Standardization of Terminology of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function and Dysfunction: Report from the Pelvic Floor Clinical Assessment Group of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2005;24: 374–80.
7.
go back to reference Bols E, Berghmans B, Bie R de, Govaert B, Wunnik B van, Heymans M, Hendriks E, Baeten C. Rectal balloon training as add-on therapy to pelvic floor muscle training in adults with fecal incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012 Jan;31(1):132–8.PubMedCrossRef Bols E, Berghmans B, Bie R de, Govaert B, Wunnik B van, Heymans M, Hendriks E, Baeten C. Rectal balloon training as add-on therapy to pelvic floor muscle training in adults with fecal incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012 Jan;31(1):132–8.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Bols E. Pelvic Pysiotherapy in Faecal incontinence, Proefschrift 2011. Bols E. Pelvic Pysiotherapy in Faecal incontinence, Proefschrift 2011.
9.
go back to reference Steensma A. Symposium Ultrasound Imaging of the Pelvic Floor. 2009. Steensma A. Symposium Ultrasound Imaging of the Pelvic Floor. 2009.
10.
go back to reference Teyhen D. Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging International Consensus Statement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36:A-1 – A-17. Teyhen D. Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging International Consensus Statement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36:A-1 – A-17.
11.
go back to reference Hoogstad V. Cursus NT-e. Functionele echografie van lage rug en bekken, 2012. Hoogstad V. Cursus NT-e. Functionele echografie van lage rug en bekken, 2012.
12.
go back to reference Hides J, Wilson S, Stanton W, McMahon S, Keto H, McMahon K, Bryant M, Richardson C. An MRI investigation into the function of the transversus abdominis muscle during “drawing-in” of the abdominal wall. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Mar 15;31(6):E175–8. Hides J, Wilson S, Stanton W, McMahon S, Keto H, McMahon K, Bryant M, Richardson C. An MRI investigation into the function of the transversus abdominis muscle during “drawing-in” of the abdominal wall. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Mar 15;31(6):E175–8.
13.
go back to reference Gebruikers- & Servicehandleiding Flowmaster – MMS, 2007. Gebruikers- & Servicehandleiding Flowmaster – MMS, 2007.
14.
go back to reference Siroky MB, Olsson CA, Krane RJ. The flow rate nomogram: I. Development. J Urol. 1979 Nov;122(5):665–8.PubMed Siroky MB, Olsson CA, Krane RJ. The flow rate nomogram: I. Development. J Urol. 1979 Nov;122(5):665–8.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Siroky MB, Olsson CA, Krane RJ. The flow rate nomogram: II. Clinical correlation. J Urol. 1980 Feb;123(2):208–10.PubMed Siroky MB, Olsson CA, Krane RJ. The flow rate nomogram: II. Clinical correlation. J Urol. 1980 Feb;123(2):208–10.PubMed
16.
go back to reference ICS Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function, 2002. ICS Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function, 2002.
17.
go back to reference Bø K, Finckenhagen HB. Vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength: inter-test reproducibility and comparison between palpation and vaginal squeeze pressure. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2001;80:883–7. Bø K, Finckenhagen HB. Vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength: inter-test reproducibility and comparison between palpation and vaginal squeeze pressure. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2001;80:883–7.
18.
go back to reference Frawley HC, Galea MP, Phillips BA, Sherburn M, Bø K. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment using different test positions and tools. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25(3):236–42.PubMedCrossRef Frawley HC, Galea MP, Phillips BA, Sherburn M, Bø K. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment using different test positions and tools. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25(3):236–42.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Kerschan-Schindl K, Uher E, Wiesinger G, Kaider A, Ebenbichler G, Nicolakis P, Kollmitzer J, Preisinger E, Fialka-Moser V. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength measurement in elderly incontinent women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21(1):42–7.PubMedCrossRef Kerschan-Schindl K, Uher E, Wiesinger G, Kaider A, Ebenbichler G, Nicolakis P, Kollmitzer J, Preisinger E, Fialka-Moser V. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength measurement in elderly incontinent women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21(1):42–7.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in continent and incontinent women using transperineal ultrasound, manual muscle testing and vaginal squeeze pressure measurements. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006 Nov;17(6):624–30.PubMedCrossRef Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in continent and incontinent women using transperineal ultrasound, manual muscle testing and vaginal squeeze pressure measurements. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006 Nov;17(6):624–30.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Sigurdardottir T, Steingrimsdottir T, Arnason A, Bø K. Test-retest intra-rater reliability of vaginal measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength using Myomed 932. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(8):939–43.PubMedCrossRef Sigurdardottir T, Steingrimsdottir T, Arnason A, Bø K. Test-retest intra-rater reliability of vaginal measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength using Myomed 932. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(8):939–43.PubMedCrossRef
1.
go back to reference Arab AM, Behbahani RB, Lorestani L, Azari A. Correlation of digital palpation and transabdominal ultrasound for assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction. J Man Manip Ther. 2009;17(3):e75–9.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral Arab AM, Behbahani RB, Lorestani L, Azari A. Correlation of digital palpation and transabdominal ultrasound for assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction. J Man Manip Ther. 2009;17(3):e75–9.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Auchincloss CC, McLean L. The reliability of surface EMG recorded from the pelvic floor muscles. J Neurosci Methods. 2009 Aug 30;182(1):85–96.PubMedCrossRef Auchincloss CC, McLean L. The reliability of surface EMG recorded from the pelvic floor muscles. J Neurosci Methods. 2009 Aug 30;182(1):85–96.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Batista EM, Conde DM, Do Amaral WN, Martinez EZ. Comparison of pelvic floor muscle strength between women undergoing vaginal delivery, cesarean section, and nulliparae using a perineometer and digital palpation. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;27(11):910–4.PubMedCrossRef Batista EM, Conde DM, Do Amaral WN, Martinez EZ. Comparison of pelvic floor muscle strength between women undergoing vaginal delivery, cesarean section, and nulliparae using a perineometer and digital palpation. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;27(11):910–4.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Bø K, Finckenhagen HB. Vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength: inter-test reproducibility and comparison between palpation and vaginal squeeze pressure. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 Oct;80(10):883–7.PubMedCrossRef Bø K, Finckenhagen HB. Vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle strength: inter-test reproducibility and comparison between palpation and vaginal squeeze pressure. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 Oct;80(10):883–7.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Bø K, Sherburn M, Allen T. Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of pelvic floor muscle activity when activated directly or via a transversus abdominis muscle contraction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003;22(6):582–8.PubMedCrossRef Bø K, Sherburn M, Allen T. Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of pelvic floor muscle activity when activated directly or via a transversus abdominis muscle contraction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003;22(6):582–8.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Botelho S, Pereira LC, Marques J, Lanza AH, Amorim CF, Palma P, Riccetto C. Is there correlation between electromyography and digital palpation as means of measuring pelvic floor muscle contractility in nulliparous, pregnant, and postpartum women? Neurourol Urodyn. 2012 Sep 28:420–3. Botelho S, Pereira LC, Marques J, Lanza AH, Amorim CF, Palma P, Riccetto C. Is there correlation between electromyography and digital palpation as means of measuring pelvic floor muscle contractility in nulliparous, pregnant, and postpartum women? Neurourol Urodyn. 2012 Sep 28:420–3.
7.
go back to reference Dietz HP, Erdmann M, Shek KL. Reflex contraction of the levator ani in women symptomatic for pelvic floor disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;40(2):215–8.PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP, Erdmann M, Shek KL. Reflex contraction of the levator ani in women symptomatic for pelvic floor disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;40(2):215–8.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Dietz HP, Jarvis SK, Vancaillie TG. The assessment of levator muscle strength: a validation of three ultrasound techniques. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2002;13(3):156–9; discussion 159.PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP, Jarvis SK, Vancaillie TG. The assessment of levator muscle strength: a validation of three ultrasound techniques. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2002;13(3):156–9; discussion 159.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Dietz HP, Moegni F, Shek KL. Diagnosis of levator avulsion injury: a comparison of three methods. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec;40(6):693–8.PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP, Moegni F, Shek KL. Diagnosis of levator avulsion injury: a comparison of three methods. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec;40(6):693–8.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Dietz HP, Nazemian K, Shek KL, Martin A. Can urodynamic stress incontinence be diagnosed by ultrasound? Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Jan 12:1399–403CrossRef Dietz HP, Nazemian K, Shek KL, Martin A. Can urodynamic stress incontinence be diagnosed by ultrasound? Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Jan 12:1399–403CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Dorey G, Speakman M, Feneley R, Swinkels A, Dunn C, Ewings P. Randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor muscle exercises and manometric biofeedback for erectile dysfunction. Br J Gen Pract. 2004 Nov;54(508):819–25.PubMedPubMedCentral Dorey G, Speakman M, Feneley R, Swinkels A, Dunn C, Ewings P. Randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor muscle exercises and manometric biofeedback for erectile dysfunction. Br J Gen Pract. 2004 Nov;54(508):819–25.PubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Dougherty MC, Bishop KR, Mooney RA, Gimotty PA, Landy LB. Variation in intravaginal pressure measurements. Nurs Res. 1991 Sep-Oct;40(5):282–5.PubMedCrossRef Dougherty MC, Bishop KR, Mooney RA, Gimotty PA, Landy LB. Variation in intravaginal pressure measurements. Nurs Res. 1991 Sep-Oct;40(5):282–5.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Enck P, Vodusek DB. Electromyography of pelvic floor muscles. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2006 Dec;16(6):568–77.PubMedCrossRef Enck P, Vodusek DB. Electromyography of pelvic floor muscles. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2006 Dec;16(6):568–77.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Frawley HC, Galea MP, Phillips BA, Sherburn M, Bø K. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment using different test positions and tools. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25(3):236–42.PubMedCrossRef Frawley HC, Galea MP, Phillips BA, Sherburn M, Bø K. Reliability of pelvic floor muscle strength assessment using different test positions and tools. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25(3):236–42.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Glazer HI, Romanzi L, Polaneczky M. Pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography. Reliability and clinical predictive validity. J Reprod Med. 1999 Sep;44(9):779–82.PubMed Glazer HI, Romanzi L, Polaneczky M. Pelvic floor muscle surface electromyography. Reliability and clinical predictive validity. J Reprod Med. 1999 Sep;44(9):779–82.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Grape HH, Dedering A, Jonasson AF. Retest reliability of surface electromyography on the pelvic floor muscles. Neurourol Urodyn. 2009;28(5):395–9.PubMedCrossRef Grape HH, Dedering A, Jonasson AF. Retest reliability of surface electromyography on the pelvic floor muscles. Neurourol Urodyn. 2009;28(5):395–9.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Harris ML, Hobson AR, Hamdy S, Thompson DG, Akkermans LM, Aziz Q. Neurophysiological evaluation of healthy human anorectal sensation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006 Nov;291(5):G950–8.PubMedCrossRef Harris ML, Hobson AR, Hamdy S, Thompson DG, Akkermans LM, Aziz Q. Neurophysiological evaluation of healthy human anorectal sensation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006 Nov;291(5):G950–8.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Henry SM, Teyhen DS. Ultrasound imaging as a feedback tool in the rehabilitation of trunk muscle dysfunction for people with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Oct;37(10):627–34.PubMedCrossRef Henry SM, Teyhen DS. Ultrasound imaging as a feedback tool in the rehabilitation of trunk muscle dysfunction for people with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Oct;37(10):627–34.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Hodges PW, Pengel LH, Herbert RD, Gandevia SC. Measurement of muscle contraction with ultrasound imaging. Muscle Nerve. 2003 Jun;27(6):682–92.PubMedCrossRef Hodges PW, Pengel LH, Herbert RD, Gandevia SC. Measurement of muscle contraction with ultrasound imaging. Muscle Nerve. 2003 Jun;27(6):682–92.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Isherwood PJ, Rane A. Comparative assessment of pelvic floor strength using a perineometer and digital examination. BJOG. 2000 Aug;107(8):1007–11.PubMedCrossRef Isherwood PJ, Rane A. Comparative assessment of pelvic floor strength using a perineometer and digital examination. BJOG. 2000 Aug;107(8):1007–11.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Neumann P, Gill V. Pelvic floor and abdominal muscle interaction: EMG activity and intra-abdominal pressure. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2002;13(2):125–32.PubMedCrossRef Neumann P, Gill V. Pelvic floor and abdominal muscle interaction: EMG activity and intra-abdominal pressure. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2002;13(2):125–32.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Pourmomeny AA, Emami MH, Amooshahi M, Adibi P. Comparing the efficacy of biofeedback and balloon-assisted training in the treatment of dyssynergic defecation. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Feb;25(2):89–92.PubMedPubMedCentral Pourmomeny AA, Emami MH, Amooshahi M, Adibi P. Comparing the efficacy of biofeedback and balloon-assisted training in the treatment of dyssynergic defecation. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Feb;25(2):89–92.PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference Sapsford RR, Richardson CA, Maher CF, Hodges PW. Pelvic floor muscle activity in different sitting postures in continent and incontinent women. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Sep;89(9):1741–7.PubMedCrossRef Sapsford RR, Richardson CA, Maher CF, Hodges PW. Pelvic floor muscle activity in different sitting postures in continent and incontinent women. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Sep;89(9):1741–7.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Sherburn M, Murphy CA, Carroll S, Allen TJ, Galea MP. Investigation of transabdominal real-time ultrasound to visualise the muscles of the pelvic floor. Aust J Physiother. 2005;51(3):167–70.PubMedCrossRef Sherburn M, Murphy CA, Carroll S, Allen TJ, Galea MP. Investigation of transabdominal real-time ultrasound to visualise the muscles of the pelvic floor. Aust J Physiother. 2005;51(3):167–70.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Sigurdardottir T, Steingrimsdottir T, Arnason A, Bø K. Test-retest intra-rater reliability of vaginal measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength using Myomed 932. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(8):939–43.PubMedCrossRef Sigurdardottir T, Steingrimsdottir T, Arnason A, Bø K. Test-retest intra-rater reliability of vaginal measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength using Myomed 932. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(8):939–43.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Smith MD, Coppieters MW, Hodges PW. Postural response of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles in women with and without incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(3):377–85.PubMedCrossRef Smith MD, Coppieters MW, Hodges PW. Postural response of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles in women with and without incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(3):377–85.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Teyhen DS, Gill NW, Whittaker JL, Henry SM, Hides JA, Hodges P. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the abdominal muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Aug;37(8):450–66.PubMedCrossRef Teyhen DS, Gill NW, Whittaker JL, Henry SM, Hides JA, Hodges P. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging of the abdominal muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007 Aug;37(8):450–66.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB. Levator plate movement during voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in subjects with incontinence and prolapse: a cross-sectional study and review. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2003 Jun;14(2):84–8.PubMedCrossRef Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB. Levator plate movement during voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in subjects with incontinence and prolapse: a cross-sectional study and review. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2003 Jun;14(2):84–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in continent and incontinent women using transperineal ultrasound, manual muscle testing and vaginal squeeze pressure measurements. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006 Nov;17(6):624–30.PubMedCrossRef Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in continent and incontinent women using transperineal ultrasound, manual muscle testing and vaginal squeeze pressure measurements. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006 Nov;17(6):624–30.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Comparison of transperineal and transabdominal ultrasound in the assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions and functional manoeuvres in continent and incontinent women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Jul;18(7):779–86.PubMedCrossRef Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Comparison of transperineal and transabdominal ultrasound in the assessment of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions and functional manoeuvres in continent and incontinent women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Jul;18(7):779–86.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Differences in muscle activation patterns during pelvic floor muscle contraction and Valsalva manoeuver. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25(2):148–55.PubMedCrossRef Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa NK, Neumann P. Differences in muscle activation patterns during pelvic floor muscle contraction and Valsalva manoeuver. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006;25(2):148–55.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa K, Neumann P, Court S. Assessment of pelvic floor movement using transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2005 Jul-Aug;16(4):285–92.PubMedCrossRef Thompson JA, O’Sullivan PB, Briffa K, Neumann P, Court S. Assessment of pelvic floor movement using transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2005 Jul-Aug;16(4):285–92.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Türker KS. Electromyography: some methodological problems and issues. Phys Ther. 1993 Oct;73(10):698–710.PubMed Türker KS. Electromyography: some methodological problems and issues. Phys Ther. 1993 Oct;73(10):698–710.PubMed
34.
go back to reference Voducek DB, Enck P. Neural Control of Pelvic Floor Muscles. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Fourth Edition, 2006, Chapter 40. Voducek DB, Enck P. Neural Control of Pelvic Floor Muscles. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Fourth Edition, 2006, Chapter 40.
35.
go back to reference Whittaker J. Ultrasound imaging for rehabilitation of the lumbopelvic region. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2007. Whittaker J. Ultrasound imaging for rehabilitation of the lumbopelvic region. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2007.
Metagegevens
Titel
Aanvullend onderzoek
Auteur
Petra van Nierop
Copyright
2014
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0283-3_8