Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 4/2007

01-12-2007

A Systematic Review of the Relationship between High School Dropout and Substance Use

Auteurs: Loraine Townsend, Alan J. Flisher, Gary King

Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review | Uitgave 4/2007

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

A systematic review of peer-reviewed, empirical literature published between 1990 and 2006 was undertaken to determine whether existing research could provide evidence, and a deeper understanding of the relationship between dropping out of high school and the use of substances such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis/marijuana and other illicit drugs. Forty-six articles were reviewed. The review describes the heterogeneity of theoretical frameworks employed, as well as the limited ability of any one to adequately explain the relationship between high school dropout and substance use. A refinement of the many confounding and mediating variables into coherent conceptual categories would aid more robust theory building and theory integration. In spite of differences in dropout definitions and diverse measures of substance use across studies, the main findings point to a largely consistent relationship between dropping out of high school and substance use. However, socially disadvantaged and poor persons, dropouts, and drug users are over-represented in some of the loss to follow-up groups in longitudinal studies surveyed. More rigorous mechanisms to retain participants in longitudinal studies should be employed. Suggestions for future research include comparisons between urban and rural populations, employing qualitative research methods, and research in developing countries, which have the least favourable school outcomes and a dearth of research on high school dropout.
Voetnoten
1
Defined by the Education For All Monitoring Report 2002 as the “Number of pupils enrolled in a given level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the relevant official age group. The GER can be higher than 100% as a result of grade repetition and entry at younger and older ages than the typical grade-level age”.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Alcohol Policies Project. (2003). Key findings on adolescent alcohol use from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse and the Parents’ Resource Institute for Drug Education Survey. USA: Center for Science in the Public Interest. Alcohol Policies Project. (2003). Key findings on adolescent alcohol use from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse and the Parents’ Resource Institute for Drug Education Survey. USA: Center for Science in the Public Interest.
go back to reference Aloise-Young, P. A., & Chavez, E. L. (2002). Not all school dropouts are the same: Ethnic differences in the relation between reason for leaving school and adolescent substance use. Psychology in Schools, 39, 539–547.CrossRef Aloise-Young, P. A., & Chavez, E. L. (2002). Not all school dropouts are the same: Ethnic differences in the relation between reason for leaving school and adolescent substance use. Psychology in Schools, 39, 539–547.CrossRef
go back to reference Aloise-Young, P. A., Cruikshank, C., & Chavez, E. L. (2002). Cigarette smoking and perceived health in school dropouts: A comparison of Mexican American and non-Hispanic white adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 6, 497–507.CrossRef Aloise-Young, P. A., Cruikshank, C., & Chavez, E. L. (2002). Cigarette smoking and perceived health in school dropouts: A comparison of Mexican American and non-Hispanic white adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 6, 497–507.CrossRef
go back to reference Arellano, C. M., Chavez, E. L., & Deffenbacher, J. L. (1998). Alcohol use and academic status among Mexican American and white non-Hispanic adolescents. Adolescence, 33, 751–760.PubMed Arellano, C. M., Chavez, E. L., & Deffenbacher, J. L. (1998). Alcohol use and academic status among Mexican American and white non-Hispanic adolescents. Adolescence, 33, 751–760.PubMed
go back to reference Battin-Pearson, S., Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Hill, K. G., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, D. (2000). Predictors of early high school dropout: A test of five theories. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 568–582.CrossRef Battin-Pearson, S., Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Hill, K. G., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, D. (2000). Predictors of early high school dropout: A test of five theories. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 568–582.CrossRef
go back to reference Beauvais, F., Chavez, E. L., Oetting, E. R., Deffenbacher, J. L., & Cornell, G. R. (1996). Drug use, violence, and victimization among white American, Mexican American, and American Indian dropouts, students with academic problems and students in good academic standing. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 292–299.CrossRef Beauvais, F., Chavez, E. L., Oetting, E. R., Deffenbacher, J. L., & Cornell, G. R. (1996). Drug use, violence, and victimization among white American, Mexican American, and American Indian dropouts, students with academic problems and students in good academic standing. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 292–299.CrossRef
go back to reference Brasseux, C., Guagliardo, M. F., and D'Angelo, L. (1997). Validity of self-reporting marijuana use in an adolescent population. Podium presentation, Annual Meeting of the Society of Adolescent Medicine, San Francisco, March 1997 Brasseux, C., Guagliardo, M. F., and D'Angelo, L. (1997). Validity of self-reporting marijuana use in an adolescent population. Podium presentation, Annual Meeting of the Society of Adolescent Medicine, San Francisco, March 1997
go back to reference Bray, J. W., Zarkin, G. A., Ringwalt, C., & Junfeng, Q. I. (2000). The relationship between marijuana initiation and dropping out of high school. Health Economics, 9, 9–18.PubMedCrossRef Bray, J. W., Zarkin, G. A., Ringwalt, C., & Junfeng, Q. I. (2000). The relationship between marijuana initiation and dropping out of high school. Health Economics, 9, 9–18.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brook, J. S., & Balka, E. B. (1999). The risks for late adolescence of early adolescent marijuana use. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1549–1554. Brook, J. S., & Balka, E. B. (1999). The risks for late adolescence of early adolescent marijuana use. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1549–1554.
go back to reference Brooks-Gunn, J., Guo, G., & Furstenberg, F. F. (1993). Who drops out of and who continues beyond high school? A 20-year follow-up of black urban youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, 271–294.CrossRef Brooks-Gunn, J., Guo, G., & Furstenberg, F. F. (1993). Who drops out of and who continues beyond high school? A 20-year follow-up of black urban youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, 271–294.CrossRef
go back to reference Crum, R. M., Helzer, J. E., & Anthony, J. C. (1993). Level of education and alcohol abuse and dependence in adulthood: A further inquiry. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 830–837.PubMed Crum, R. M., Helzer, J. E., & Anthony, J. C. (1993). Level of education and alcohol abuse and dependence in adulthood: A further inquiry. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 830–837.PubMed
go back to reference Crum, R. M., Ensminger, M. E., Ro, M. J., & McCord, J. (1998). The association of educational achievement and school dropout with risk of alcoholism: A twenty-five year prospective study of inner-city children. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 318–326.PubMed Crum, R. M., Ensminger, M. E., Ro, M. J., & McCord, J. (1998). The association of educational achievement and school dropout with risk of alcoholism: A twenty-five year prospective study of inner-city children. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 318–326.PubMed
go back to reference Dee, T. S., & Evans, W. N. (2003). Teen drinking and educational attainment: Evidence from two-sample instrumental variables estimates. Journal of Labor Economics, 21, 178–209.CrossRef Dee, T. S., & Evans, W. N. (2003). Teen drinking and educational attainment: Evidence from two-sample instrumental variables estimates. Journal of Labor Economics, 21, 178–209.CrossRef
go back to reference Dekkers, H., & Driessen, G. (1997). An evaluation of the educational priority policy in relation to early school leaving. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 23(3), 209–230.CrossRef Dekkers, H., & Driessen, G. (1997). An evaluation of the educational priority policy in relation to early school leaving. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 23(3), 209–230.CrossRef
go back to reference Drapela, L.A. (2006). Investigating the effects of family, peer, and school domains on postdropout drug use. Youth & Society, 37, 316–347.CrossRef Drapela, L.A. (2006). Investigating the effects of family, peer, and school domains on postdropout drug use. Youth & Society, 37, 316–347.CrossRef
go back to reference Eggert, L. L., & Herting, J. R. (1993). Drug involvement among potential dropouts and "typical" youth. Journal of Drug Education, 23, 31–55.PubMed Eggert, L. L., & Herting, J. R. (1993). Drug involvement among potential dropouts and "typical" youth. Journal of Drug Education, 23, 31–55.PubMed
go back to reference Ellickson, P., Bui, K., Bell, R., & McGuigan, K. A. (1998). Does early drug use increase the risk of dropping out of high school? Journal of Drug Issues, 28, 357. Ellickson, P., Bui, K., Bell, R., & McGuigan, K. A. (1998). Does early drug use increase the risk of dropping out of high school? Journal of Drug Issues, 28, 357.
go back to reference Ellickson, P., Saner, H. S., & McGuigan, M. S. (1997). Profiles of violent youth: Substance use and other concurrent problems. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 985–991.PubMed Ellickson, P., Saner, H. S., & McGuigan, M. S. (1997). Profiles of violent youth: Substance use and other concurrent problems. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 985–991.PubMed
go back to reference Ensminger, M. E., Lamkin, R. P., and Jacobson, N. (1996). School leaving: A longitudinal perspective incluing neighbourhood effects. Child Development 67: 1400–2416CrossRef Ensminger, M. E., Lamkin, R. P., and Jacobson, N. (1996). School leaving: A longitudinal perspective incluing neighbourhood effects. Child Development 67: 1400–2416CrossRef
go back to reference Ensminger, M. E., Lamkin, R. P., & Jacobson, N. (2006). School leaving: A longitudinal perspective including neighborhood effects. Child Development, 67, 2400–2416.CrossRef Ensminger, M. E., Lamkin, R. P., & Jacobson, N. (2006). School leaving: A longitudinal perspective including neighborhood effects. Child Development, 67, 2400–2416.CrossRef
go back to reference Escobedo, L.G., & Peddicord, J. P. (1996). Smoking prevalence in US birth cohorts: The influence of gender and education. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 231–236.PubMed Escobedo, L.G., & Peddicord, J. P. (1996). Smoking prevalence in US birth cohorts: The influence of gender and education. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 231–236.PubMed
go back to reference Fagan, J., & Pabon, E. (1990). Contributions of delinquency and substance use to school dropout among inner-city youths. Youth and Society, 21, 303–354.CrossRef Fagan, J., & Pabon, E. (1990). Contributions of delinquency and substance use to school dropout among inner-city youths. Youth and Society, 21, 303–354.CrossRef
go back to reference Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1997). Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults. Addiction, 92, 279–296.PubMedCrossRef Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1997). Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults. Addiction, 92, 279–296.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fergusson, D. M., Lynskey, M. T., & Horwood, L. J. (1996). The short-term consequences of early onset cannabis use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 499.PubMedCrossRef Fergusson, D. M., Lynskey, M. T., & Horwood, L. J. (1996). The short-term consequences of early onset cannabis use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 499.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Beautrais, A. L. (2003). Cannabis and educational achievement. Addiction, 98, 1681–1692.PubMedCrossRef Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Beautrais, A. L. (2003). Cannabis and educational achievement. Addiction, 98, 1681–1692.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fine, M. (1991). Framing dropouts: Notes on the politics of an urban school. Albany: State University of New York Press. Fine, M. (1991). Framing dropouts: Notes on the politics of an urban school. Albany: State University of New York Press.
go back to reference Flisher, A. J., & Chalton, D. O. (1995). High-school dropouts in a working-class South African community: Selected characteristics and risk-taking behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 105–121.CrossRef Flisher, A. J., & Chalton, D. O. (1995). High-school dropouts in a working-class South African community: Selected characteristics and risk-taking behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 105–121.CrossRef
go back to reference Flisher, A. J., Evans, J., Muller, M., & Lombard, C. (2004). Test-retest reliability of self-reported adolescent risk behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 207–212.PubMedCrossRef Flisher, A. J., Evans, J., Muller, M., & Lombard, C. (2004). Test-retest reliability of self-reported adolescent risk behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 207–212.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Flisher, A., Townsend, L., Chikobvu, P., Lombard, C., & King, G. (2004). Substance use and high school dropout. Poster presentation at the American Public Health Association 132nd annual meeting, Washington DC, November 6–10, 2004. Flisher, A., Townsend, L., Chikobvu, P., Lombard, C., & King, G. (2004). Substance use and high school dropout. Poster presentation at the American Public Health Association 132nd annual meeting, Washington DC, November 6–10, 2004.
go back to reference Franklin, C. (1992). Family and individual patters in a group of middle-class dropout youths. Social Work, 37, 338–344. Franklin, C. (1992). Family and individual patters in a group of middle-class dropout youths. Social Work, 37, 338–344.
go back to reference Franklin, C., & Streeter, C. L. (1995). Assessment of middle class youth at risk to dropout: School, psychological and family correlates. Children and Youth Services Review, 17(3), 433–448.CrossRef Franklin, C., & Streeter, C. L. (1995). Assessment of middle class youth at risk to dropout: School, psychological and family correlates. Children and Youth Services Review, 17(3), 433–448.CrossRef
go back to reference Fuller, C. M., Vlahov, D., Ompad, D. C., Shah, N., Arria, A., & Strathdee, S. A. (2002). High-risk behaviors associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case–control study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 66, 189–198.PubMedCrossRef Fuller, C. M., Vlahov, D., Ompad, D. C., Shah, N., Arria, A., & Strathdee, S. A. (2002). High-risk behaviors associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: a case–control study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 66, 189–198.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gabhain, S. N., & François, Y. (2000). Substance use. In C. Currie, K. Hurrelmann, W. Settertobulte, R. Smith, & J. Todd (Eds.), Health and health behaviour among young people (pp. 97–114). Copenhagen: WHO. Gabhain, S. N., & François, Y. (2000). Substance use. In C. Currie, K. Hurrelmann, W. Settertobulte, R. Smith, & J. Todd (Eds.), Health and health behaviour among young people (pp. 97–114). Copenhagen: WHO.
go back to reference Garnier, H. E., Stein, J. A., & Jacobs, J. K. (1997). The process of dropping out of high school: A 19-year perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 34, 395–419.CrossRef Garnier, H. E., Stein, J. A., & Jacobs, J. K. (1997). The process of dropping out of high school: A 19-year perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 34, 395–419.CrossRef
go back to reference Gfroerer, J. C., Greenblatt, J. C., & Wright, D. A. (1997). Substance use in the US college-age population: Differences according to educational status and living arrangement. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 62–65.PubMedCrossRef Gfroerer, J. C., Greenblatt, J. C., & Wright, D. A. (1997). Substance use in the US college-age population: Differences according to educational status and living arrangement. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 62–65.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gfroerer, J., Wright, D., & Kopstein, A. (1997). Prevalence of youth substance use: The impact of methodological differences between two national survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 47, 19–30.PubMedCrossRef Gfroerer, J., Wright, D., & Kopstein, A. (1997). Prevalence of youth substance use: The impact of methodological differences between two national survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 47, 19–30.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Green, K. M., & Ensminger, M. E. (2006). Adult social behavioral effects of heavy adolescent marijuana use among African Americans. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1168–1178.PubMedCrossRef Green, K. M., & Ensminger, M. E. (2006). Adult social behavioral effects of heavy adolescent marijuana use among African Americans. Developmental Psychology, 42, 1168–1178.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Guagliardo, M. F., Huang, Z., Hicks, J., & D’Angelo, L. (1998). Increased drug use among old-for-grade and dropout urban adolescents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15, 42–48.PubMedCrossRef Guagliardo, M. F., Huang, Z., Hicks, J., & D’Angelo, L. (1998). Increased drug use among old-for-grade and dropout urban adolescents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15, 42–48.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaplan, H. B., & Liu, X. (1994). A longitudinal analysis of mediating variables in the drug use—dropping out relationship. Criminology, 32, 415–439.CrossRef Kaplan, H. B., & Liu, X. (1994). A longitudinal analysis of mediating variables in the drug use—dropping out relationship. Criminology, 32, 415–439.CrossRef
go back to reference Kogan, S. M., Luo, Z., Brody, G. H., & McBride Murry, V. (2005). The influence of high school dropout on substance use among African American youth. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 4, 35–51.PubMedCrossRef Kogan, S. M., Luo, Z., Brody, G. H., & McBride Murry, V. (2005). The influence of high school dropout on substance use among African American youth. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 4, 35–51.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., & Perez, C. M. (1997). The interrelationship between substance use and precocious transitions to adult statuses. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, 87–103.PubMedCrossRef Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., & Perez, C. M. (1997). The interrelationship between substance use and precocious transitions to adult statuses. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, 87–103.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lahey, K. (2003). The cost of dropping out: The economic impact of early school leaving. Australia: Business Council of Australia. Lahey, K. (2003). The cost of dropping out: The economic impact of early school leaving. Australia: Business Council of Australia.
go back to reference Lynskey, M., & Hall, W. (2000). The effects of adolescent cannabis use on educational attainment: A review. Addiction, 95, 1621–1630.PubMedCrossRef Lynskey, M., & Hall, W. (2000). The effects of adolescent cannabis use on educational attainment: A review. Addiction, 95, 1621–1630.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lynskey, M. T., Coffey, C., Degenhardt, L., Carlin, J. B., & Patton, G. (2003). A longitudinal study of the effects of adolescent cannabis use on high school completion. Addiction, 98, 685–692.PubMedCrossRef Lynskey, M. T., Coffey, C., Degenhardt, L., Carlin, J. B., & Patton, G. (2003). A longitudinal study of the effects of adolescent cannabis use on high school completion. Addiction, 98, 685–692.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Marieke, L., Van Til, R.J., & Cohen, P. (2001). Prevalence of alcohol use in Utrecht in 1997. Amsterdam, Holland: Centrum Voor Drugsonderzoek. Marieke, L., Van Til, R.J., & Cohen, P. (2001). Prevalence of alcohol use in Utrecht in 1997. Amsterdam, Holland: Centrum Voor Drugsonderzoek.
go back to reference McCluskey, C. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., & Rodriguez, M. L. (2002). Early substance use and school achievement: An examination of Latino, white and African American youth. Journal of Drug Issues, 32, 921–944. McCluskey, C. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., & Rodriguez, M. L. (2002). Early substance use and school achievement: An examination of Latino, white and African American youth. Journal of Drug Issues, 32, 921–944.
go back to reference Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, D., Battin-Pearson, S., & Hill, K. (2002). Mediational and deviance theories of late high school failure: Process roles of structural strains, academic competence, and general versus specific problem behaviors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 172–186.CrossRef Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, D., Battin-Pearson, S., & Hill, K. (2002). Mediational and deviance theories of late high school failure: Process roles of structural strains, academic competence, and general versus specific problem behaviors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 172–186.CrossRef
go back to reference Obot, I. S., & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Association of school dropout with recent and past injecting drug use among African American adults. Addictive Behaviors, 24, 701–705.PubMedCrossRef Obot, I. S., & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Association of school dropout with recent and past injecting drug use among African American adults. Addictive Behaviors, 24, 701–705.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Obot, I. S., & Anthony, J. C. (2000). School dropout and injecting drug use in a national sample of white non-Hispanic American adults. Journal of Drug Education, 30, 145–155.PubMedCrossRef Obot, I. S., & Anthony, J. C. (2000). School dropout and injecting drug use in a national sample of white non-Hispanic American adults. Journal of Drug Education, 30, 145–155.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Obot, I. S., Hubbard, S., & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Level of education and injecting drug use among African Americans. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 55, 177–182.PubMedCrossRef Obot, I. S., Hubbard, S., & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Level of education and injecting drug use among African Americans. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 55, 177–182.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pollard, J. A., Hawkins, J. D., & Arthur, M. W. (1999). Risk and protection: Are both necessary to understand diverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence? Social Work Research, 23, 145–158. Pollard, J. A., Hawkins, J. D., & Arthur, M. W. (1999). Risk and protection: Are both necessary to understand diverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence? Social Work Research, 23, 145–158.
go back to reference Register, C. A., Williams, D. R., & Grimes, P. W. (2001). Adolescent drug use and educational attainment. Education Economics, 9, 1–18.CrossRef Register, C. A., Williams, D. R., & Grimes, P. W. (2001). Adolescent drug use and educational attainment. Education Economics, 9, 1–18.CrossRef
go back to reference Roebuck, M. C., French, M. T., & Dennis, M. L. (2004). Adolescent marijuana use and school attendance. Economics of Education Review, 23, 133–141.CrossRef Roebuck, M. C., French, M. T., & Dennis, M. L. (2004). Adolescent marijuana use and school attendance. Economics of Education Review, 23, 133–141.CrossRef
go back to reference Rosenthal, B. S. (1998). Non-school correlates of dropout: An integrative review of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 20(5), 413–433.CrossRef Rosenthal, B. S. (1998). Non-school correlates of dropout: An integrative review of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 20(5), 413–433.CrossRef
go back to reference Rumberger, R. W. (1995). Dropping out of middle school: A multilevel analysis of students and schools. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 583–625.CrossRef Rumberger, R. W. (1995). Dropping out of middle school: A multilevel analysis of students and schools. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 583–625.CrossRef
go back to reference Shacklock, G., Smyth, J., & Wilson, N. (1998). Conceptualising and capturing voices in dropout research. Paper presented to the annual meeting of the Australian Association for Research in Education, Adelaide, November-December, 1998. Accessed 30 June 2005 from [http://www.aare.edu.au/98pap/sha98187.htm] Shacklock, G., Smyth, J., & Wilson, N. (1998). Conceptualising and capturing voices in dropout research. Paper presented to the annual meeting of the Australian Association for Research in Education, Adelaide, November-December, 1998. Accessed 30 June 2005 from [http://​www.​aare.​edu.​au/​98pap/​sha98187.​htm]
go back to reference Smyth, J. (2005). An argument for new understandings and explanations of early school leaving that go beyond the conventional. London Review of Education, 3(2), 117–130.CrossRef Smyth, J. (2005). An argument for new understandings and explanations of early school leaving that go beyond the conventional. London Review of Education, 3(2), 117–130.CrossRef
go back to reference Smyth, J., & Hattam, R. (2001). ‘Voiced’ research as a sociology for understanding ‘dropping out’ of school. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 22(3), 401–415.CrossRef Smyth, J., & Hattam, R. (2001). ‘Voiced’ research as a sociology for understanding ‘dropping out’ of school. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 22(3), 401–415.CrossRef
go back to reference Swaim, R. C., Bates, S. C., & Chavez, E. L. (1998). Structural equation socialization model of substance use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23, 128–138.PubMedCrossRef Swaim, R. C., Bates, S. C., & Chavez, E. L. (1998). Structural equation socialization model of substance use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23, 128–138.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tanner, J., Davies, S., & O’Grady, B. (1999). Whatever happened to yesterday’s rebels? Longitudinal effects of youth delinquency on education and employment. Social Problems, 46, 250–267.CrossRef Tanner, J., Davies, S., & O’Grady, B. (1999). Whatever happened to yesterday’s rebels? Longitudinal effects of youth delinquency on education and employment. Social Problems, 46, 250–267.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, M. Q., Fitzhugh, E. C., Eddy, J. M., & Westerfield, R. C. (1998). School dropouts’ attitudes and beliefs about smoking. Psychological Reports, 82, 984–986.PubMedCrossRef Wang, M. Q., Fitzhugh, E. C., Eddy, J. M., & Westerfield, R. C. (1998). School dropouts’ attitudes and beliefs about smoking. Psychological Reports, 82, 984–986.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wichstrøm, L. (1998). Alcohol intoxication and school dropout. Drug and Alcohol Review, 17, 413–421.PubMedCrossRef Wichstrøm, L. (1998). Alcohol intoxication and school dropout. Drug and Alcohol Review, 17, 413–421.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Yamada, T., Kendix, M., & Yamada, T. (1996). The impact of alcohol consumption and marijuana use on high school graduation. Health Economics, 5, 77–92.PubMedCrossRef Yamada, T., Kendix, M., & Yamada, T. (1996). The impact of alcohol consumption and marijuana use on high school graduation. Health Economics, 5, 77–92.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zimmerman, M. A., & Maton, K. I. (1992). Life-style and substance use among male African-American urban adolescents: A cluster analytic approach. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 121–138.PubMedCrossRef Zimmerman, M. A., & Maton, K. I. (1992). Life-style and substance use among male African-American urban adolescents: A cluster analytic approach. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 121–138.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
A Systematic Review of the Relationship between High School Dropout and Substance Use
Auteurs
Loraine Townsend
Alan J. Flisher
Gary King
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2007
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review / Uitgave 4/2007
Print ISSN: 1096-4037
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2827
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-007-0023-7