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Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research 5/2012

01-09-2012 | Original Article

A successive-conditionalization approach to disjunctive and syllogistic reasoning

Auteurs: In-mao Liu, Ting-hsi Chou

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 5/2012

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Abstract

With p and q each standing for a familiar event, a disjunctive statement, “either p or q”, seems quite different from its material conditional, “if not p then q”. The notions of sufficiency and necessity seem specific to conditional statements. It is surprising, however, to find that perceived sufficiency and necessity affect disjunctive reasoning in the way they affect conditional reasoning. With B and C each standing for a category name, a universal statement, “all B are C”, seems stronger than its logically equivalent conditional statement, “if B then C”. However, the effects of perceived sufficiency or necessity were found to be as pronounced in conditional reasoning as in syllogistic reasoning. Furthermore, two experiments also showed that (a) MP (modus ponens)-comparable disjunctive reasoning was as difficult as MT (modus tollens)-comparable disjunctive reasoning, and that (b) MT-comparable syllogisms were easier to solve than MT problems in conditional reasoning.
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Metagegevens
Titel
A successive-conditionalization approach to disjunctive and syllogistic reasoning
Auteurs
In-mao Liu
Ting-hsi Chou
Publicatiedatum
01-09-2012
Uitgeverij
Springer-Verlag
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 5/2012
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0363-2

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