Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 6/2009

01-12-2009 | Original Paper

A Retrospective Examination of the Role of Parental Anxious Rearing Behaviors in Contributing to Intolerance of Uncertainty

Auteurs: Kimberly R. Zlomke, John N. Young

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 6/2009

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Worry is a central component to anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is an identified factor contributing to worry. It has been noted that parenting behaviors play a role in the anxious development of youth, specifically with regard to these constructs. We sought to examine the relationship of parenting behaviors in the development of IU. Internet-based assessments of current anxiety, worry, and depression were correlated with retrospective reports of parental behavior. It was found that IU was significantly correlated with worry, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, in several mediation analyses, it was noted that IU was a mediator between perceived anxious rearing and both worry and anxiety, but not depression. The implications of these results and internet-based methodology are discussed, particularly in terms of the novel findings from IU mediation analyses.
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, 4th edition-text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: Author.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, 4th edition-text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: Author.CrossRef
go back to reference Anderson, J. C., Williams, S., McGee, R., & Silva, P. A. (1987). DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children: Prevalence in a large sample from the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 69–76.PubMed Anderson, J. C., Williams, S., McGee, R., & Silva, P. A. (1987). DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children: Prevalence in a large sample from the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 69–76.PubMed
go back to reference Arrindell, W. A., Emmelkamp, P. M., Monsma, A., & Brilman, E. (1983). The role of perceived parental rearing practices in the etiology of phobic disorders: A controlled study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 183–187. doi:10.1192/bjp.143.2.183.CrossRefPubMed Arrindell, W. A., Emmelkamp, P. M., Monsma, A., & Brilman, E. (1983). The role of perceived parental rearing practices in the etiology of phobic disorders: A controlled study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 183–187. doi:10.​1192/​bjp.​143.​2.​183.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). New York: Guildford Press. Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). New York: Guildford Press.
go back to reference Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.CrossRefPubMed Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​51.​6.​1173.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Barrett, P. M., Rapee, R. M., Dadds, M. R., & Ryan, S. M. (1996). Family enhancement of cognitive style in anxious and aggressive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 187–203. doi:10.1007/BF01441484.CrossRefPubMed Barrett, P. M., Rapee, R. M., Dadds, M. R., & Ryan, S. M. (1996). Family enhancement of cognitive style in anxious and aggressive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 187–203. doi:10.​1007/​BF01441484.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bruch, M. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (1994). Differences in perceptions of parental and personal characteristics between generalized and nongeneralized social phobics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8, 155–168. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(94)90013-2.CrossRef Bruch, M. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (1994). Differences in perceptions of parental and personal characteristics between generalized and nongeneralized social phobics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8, 155–168. doi:10.​1016/​0887-6185(94)90013-2.CrossRef
go back to reference Castro, J., Toro, J., Van der Ende, J., & Arrindell, W. A. (1993). Exploring the feasibility of assessing perceived parental rearing styles in Spanish children with the EMBU. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 39, 47–57. doi:10.1177/002076409303900105.CrossRefPubMed Castro, J., Toro, J., Van der Ende, J., & Arrindell, W. A. (1993). Exploring the feasibility of assessing perceived parental rearing styles in Spanish children with the EMBU. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 39, 47–57. doi:10.​1177/​0020764093039001​05.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., & Daleiden, E. L. (2009). Mapping evidence-based treatments for children and adolescents: Application of the distillation and matching model to 615 treatments from 322 randomized trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, in press. Chorpita, B. F., & Daleiden, E. L. (2009). Mapping evidence-based treatments for children and adolescents: Application of the distillation and matching model to 615 treatments from 322 randomized trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, in press.
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., Daleiden, E. L., & Weisz, J. R. (2005). Identifying and selecting the common elements of evidence based interventions: A distillation and matching model. Mental Health Services Research, 5, 5–20. doi:10.1007/s11020-005-1962-6.CrossRef Chorpita, B. F., Daleiden, E. L., & Weisz, J. R. (2005). Identifying and selecting the common elements of evidence based interventions: A distillation and matching model. Mental Health Services Research, 5, 5–20. doi:10.​1007/​s11020-005-1962-6.CrossRef
go back to reference Dadds, M. R. (2002). Learning and intimacy in families of anxious children. In R. J. McMahon & R. D. Peters (Eds.), The effects of parental dysfunction on children (pp. 87–104). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. Dadds, M. R. (2002). Learning and intimacy in families of anxious children. In R. J. McMahon & R. D. Peters (Eds.), The effects of parental dysfunction on children (pp. 87–104). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
go back to reference De Man, A. F. (1986). Parental control in child rearing and trait anxiety in young adults. Psychological Reports, 48, 366–367. De Man, A. F. (1986). Parental control in child rearing and trait anxiety in young adults. Psychological Reports, 48, 366–367.
go back to reference Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 551–558. doi:10.1023/A:1005553414688.CrossRef Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 551–558. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1005553414688.CrossRef
go back to reference Dugas, M. J., Hedayati, M., Karavidas, A., Buhr, K., Francis, K., & Phillips, N. A. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: Evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 57–70.CrossRef Dugas, M. J., Hedayati, M., Karavidas, A., Buhr, K., Francis, K., & Phillips, N. A. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and information processing: Evidence of biased recall and interpretations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 57–70.CrossRef
go back to reference Eastburg, M., & Johnson, W. B. (1990). Shyness and perceptions of parental behavior. Psychological Reports, 55, 804–810. Eastburg, M., & Johnson, W. B. (1990). Shyness and perceptions of parental behavior. Psychological Reports, 55, 804–810.
go back to reference Gerlsma, C., Arrindell, W. A., Van der Veen, N., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (1991). A parental rearing style questionnaire for use with adolescents: Psychometric evaluation of the EMBU-A. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 1245–1253.CrossRef Gerlsma, C., Arrindell, W. A., Van der Veen, N., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (1991). A parental rearing style questionnaire for use with adolescents: Psychometric evaluation of the EMBU-A. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 1245–1253.CrossRef
go back to reference Gerlsma, C., Emmelkamp, P. M., & Arrindell, W. A. (1990). Anxiety, depression, and perception of early parenting: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 251–277.CrossRef Gerlsma, C., Emmelkamp, P. M., & Arrindell, W. A. (1990). Anxiety, depression, and perception of early parenting: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 251–277.CrossRef
go back to reference Gerlsma, C., Kramer, J. J. A. M., Scholing, A., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1994). The influence of mood on memories of parental rearing practices. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 159–172.PubMed Gerlsma, C., Kramer, J. J. A. M., Scholing, A., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1994). The influence of mood on memories of parental rearing practices. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 159–172.PubMed
go back to reference Gruner, K., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999). The relationship between anxious rearing behaviours and anxiety disorders symptomatology in normal children. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 30, 27–35. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(99)00004-X.CrossRefPubMed Gruner, K., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999). The relationship between anxious rearing behaviours and anxiety disorders symptomatology in normal children. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 30, 27–35. doi:10.​1016/​S0005-7916(99)00004-X.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.599.CrossRefPubMed Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599–610. doi:10.​1037/​0022-006X.​65.​4.​599.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kashani, J. H., & Orvaschel, H. (1988). Anxiety disorders in mid-adolescence: A community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 960–964.PubMed Kashani, J. H., & Orvaschel, H. (1988). Anxiety disorders in mid-adolescence: A community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 960–964.PubMed
go back to reference Ladouceur, R., Talbot, F., & Dugas, M. J. (1997). Behavioral expressions of intolerance of uncertainty in worry. Behavior Modification, 21, 355–371.CrossRefPubMed Ladouceur, R., Talbot, F., & Dugas, M. J. (1997). Behavioral expressions of intolerance of uncertainty in worry. Behavior Modification, 21, 355–371.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343.CrossRefPubMed Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Masia, C. L., & Morris, T. L. (1998). Parental factors associated with social anxiety: Methodological limitations and suggestions for integrated behavioral research. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 211–228.CrossRef Masia, C. L., & Morris, T. L. (1998). Parental factors associated with social anxiety: Methodological limitations and suggestions for integrated behavioral research. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 211–228.CrossRef
go back to reference Molina, S., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and associated characteristics. In G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspective on theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 265–283). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons. Molina, S., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and associated characteristics. In G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspective on theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 265–283). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
go back to reference Muris, P., Meesters, C., Schouten, E., & Hoge, E. (2004). Effects of perceived control on the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression in non-clinical preadolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 51–58. doi:10.1023/A:1027334314021.CrossRef Muris, P., Meesters, C., Schouten, E., & Hoge, E. (2004). Effects of perceived control on the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression in non-clinical preadolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 51–58. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1027334314021.CrossRef
go back to reference Muris, P., Meesters, C., & von Brakel, A. (2003). Assessment of anxious rearing behaviors with a modified version of ‘Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran’ questionnaire for children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 229–237. doi:10.1023/A:1025894928131.CrossRef Muris, P., Meesters, C., & von Brakel, A. (2003). Assessment of anxious rearing behaviors with a modified version of ‘Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran’ questionnaire for children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 229–237. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1025894928131.CrossRef
go back to reference Noyes, R., Clancy, J., Hoenk, P. R., & Slymen, D. J. (1980). The prognosis of anxiety neurosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 173–178.PubMed Noyes, R., Clancy, J., Hoenk, P. R., & Slymen, D. J. (1980). The prognosis of anxiety neurosis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 173–178.PubMed
go back to reference Parker, G. (1983). Parental overprotection: A risk factor in psychosocial development. New York: Grune and Stratton. Parker, G. (1983). Parental overprotection: A risk factor in psychosocial development. New York: Grune and Stratton.
go back to reference Perris, C. (1980). Development of a new inventory for assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61, 265–274.CrossRefPubMed Perris, C. (1980). Development of a new inventory for assessing memories of parental rearing behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61, 265–274.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ratto, N., Sexton, K. A., Robichaud, M., & Dugas, M. J. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Are they distinct constructs? Poster presented at the annual convention of the Canadian Psychological Association, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Ratto, N., Sexton, K. A., Robichaud, M., & Dugas, M. J. (2005). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Are they distinct constructs? Poster presented at the annual convention of the Canadian Psychological Association, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
go back to reference Robichaud, M., Dugas, M. J., & Conway, M. (2003). Gender differences in worry and associated cognitive-behavioral variables. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17, 501–516.CrossRefPubMed Robichaud, M., Dugas, M. J., & Conway, M. (2003). Gender differences in worry and associated cognitive-behavioral variables. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17, 501–516.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Vasey, M. W., & Daleiden, E. L. (1994). Worry in children. In G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspective on theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 185–207). Chichester, England: Wiley. Vasey, M. W., & Daleiden, E. L. (1994). Worry in children. In G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspective on theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 185–207). Chichester, England: Wiley.
go back to reference Weisz, J. R., Southam-Gerow, M. A., & McCarty, C. A. (2001). Control-related beliefs and depressive symptoms in clinic-referred children and adolescents: Developmental differences and model specificity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 97–109. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.110.1.97.CrossRefPubMed Weisz, J. R., Southam-Gerow, M. A., & McCarty, C. A. (2001). Control-related beliefs and depressive symptoms in clinic-referred children and adolescents: Developmental differences and model specificity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 97–109. doi:10.​1037/​0021-843X.​110.​1.​97.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Woodruff-Borden, J., Morrow, C., Bourland, S., & Cambron, S. (2002). The behavior of anxious parents: Examining mechanisms of transmission of anxiety from parent to child. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 364–374.PubMed Woodruff-Borden, J., Morrow, C., Bourland, S., & Cambron, S. (2002). The behavior of anxious parents: Examining mechanisms of transmission of anxiety from parent to child. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 364–374.PubMed
go back to reference Zlomke, K. R. (2009). Psychometric properties of internet administered versions of Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). Computers in Human Behavior, in press. Zlomke, K. R. (2009). Psychometric properties of internet administered versions of Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). Computers in Human Behavior, in press.
Metagegevens
Titel
A Retrospective Examination of the Role of Parental Anxious Rearing Behaviors in Contributing to Intolerance of Uncertainty
Auteurs
Kimberly R. Zlomke
John N. Young
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2009
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 6/2009
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-009-9269-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2009

Journal of Child and Family Studies 6/2009 Naar de uitgave