Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 7/2008

01-08-2008 | Original Paper

A Psychophysical Test of the Visual Pathway of Children with Autism

Auteurs: Francisco J. Sanchez-Marin, Jose A. Padilla-Medina

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 7/2008

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Signal detection psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate the visual path of children with autism. Computer generated images with Gaussian noise were used. Simple signals, still and in motion were embedded in the background noise. The computer monitor was linearized to properly display the contrast changes. To our knowledge, this is the first time that experiments of this type have been done with observers with autism. Our results show that the visual capabilities of typically developed children were superior to those of the children with autism, and that the related problems of children with autism are sensation related only in a reduced proportion. There is no evidence that they are disabled in detecting simple visual stimuli, still and in motion.
Literatuur
go back to reference Aarons, M., Gittens, T. (1999). The handbook of autism. London: Rutlege. Aarons, M., Gittens, T. (1999). The handbook of autism. London: Rutlege.
go back to reference Bailey, A., Luthert, P., Dean, A., Harding, B., Janota, I., Montgomery, M., Rutter, M., & Lantos P. (1998). A clinicopathological study of autism. Brain, 121, 889–905.PubMedCrossRef Bailey, A., Luthert, P., Dean, A., Harding, B., Janota, I., Montgomery, M., Rutter, M., & Lantos P. (1998). A clinicopathological study of autism. Brain, 121, 889–905.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baron-Cohen, S., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Belmonte M. K. (2005). Sex differences in the brain: Implications for explaining autism. Science, 310, 819–823.PubMedCrossRef Baron-Cohen, S., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Belmonte M. K. (2005). Sex differences in the brain: Implications for explaining autism. Science, 310, 819–823.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Belmonte, M. K. (2000). Abnormal attention in autism shown by steady-state visual evoked potentials. Autism, 4(3), 269–285.CrossRef Belmonte, M. K. (2000). Abnormal attention in autism shown by steady-state visual evoked potentials. Autism, 4(3), 269–285.CrossRef
go back to reference Belmonte, M. K., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2003). Functional anatomy of impaired selective attention and compensatory processing in autism. Cognitive Brain Research, 17(3), 651–664.PubMedCrossRef Belmonte, M. K., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2003). Functional anatomy of impaired selective attention and compensatory processing in autism. Cognitive Brain Research, 17(3), 651–664.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bertone, A., Mottron, L., Jelenic, P., & Faubert, J. (2003). Motion perception in autism: A complex issue. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15(2), 218–225.PubMedCrossRef Bertone, A., Mottron, L., Jelenic, P., & Faubert, J. (2003). Motion perception in autism: A complex issue. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15(2), 218–225.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bevington, P. R. (1969). Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. New York: McGraw Hill. Bevington, P. R. (1969). Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. New York: McGraw Hill.
go back to reference Blake, R., Turner, L. M., Smoski, M. J., Pozdol, S. L., & Stone, W. L. (2003). Visual recognition of biological motion is impaired in children with autism. Psychological Science, 14, 51–157.CrossRef Blake, R., Turner, L. M., Smoski, M. J., Pozdol, S. L., & Stone, W. L. (2003). Visual recognition of biological motion is impaired in children with autism. Psychological Science, 14, 51–157.CrossRef
go back to reference Bogdashina, O. (2003). Sensory perceptual issues in autism and Asperger syndrome different sensory experiences—different perceptual worlds. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Bogdashina, O. (2003). Sensory perceptual issues in autism and Asperger syndrome different sensory experiences—different perceptual worlds. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
go back to reference Burgess, A., Wagner, R. F., Jennings, R. J., & Barlow, H. B. (1981). Efficiency of human visual discrimination. Science, 214, 93–94.PubMedCrossRef Burgess, A., Wagner, R. F., Jennings, R. J., & Barlow, H. B. (1981). Efficiency of human visual discrimination. Science, 214, 93–94.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Burgess, A. E. & Colborne B. (1988). Visual signal detection. IV. Observer inconsistency. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 5, 617–627.CrossRef Burgess, A. E. & Colborne B. (1988). Visual signal detection. IV. Observer inconsistency. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 5, 617–627.CrossRef
go back to reference Burgess, A. E. (1995). Comparison of receiver operating characteristic and forced choice observer performance measurement method. Medical Physics, 22, 643–655.PubMedCrossRef Burgess, A. E. (1995). Comparison of receiver operating characteristic and forced choice observer performance measurement method. Medical Physics, 22, 643–655.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Egan, J. P. (1975) Signal detection theory and ROC analysis. New York: Academic Press. Egan, J. P. (1975) Signal detection theory and ROC analysis. New York: Academic Press.
go back to reference Frith, U. (2003). Autism: Explaining the enigma. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. Frith, U. (2003). Autism: Explaining the enigma. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.
go back to reference Garner, I., & Hamilton, D. (2001). Evidence for central coherence. In J. Richer & S. Coates (Eds.), Autism—the search for coherence (pp. 75–85). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Garner, I., & Hamilton, D. (2001). Evidence for central coherence. In J. Richer & S. Coates (Eds.), Autism—the search for coherence (pp. 75–85). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
go back to reference Gepner, B., & Mestre, D. (2002). Rapid visual-motion integration déficit in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 455.PubMedCrossRef Gepner, B., & Mestre, D. (2002). Rapid visual-motion integration déficit in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 455.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Grandin, T. (1992). An inside view of autism. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), High functioning individuals with autism. New York: Plenum Press. Grandin, T. (1992). An inside view of autism. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), High functioning individuals with autism. New York: Plenum Press.
go back to reference Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966) Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York: Wiley. Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1966) Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Grelotti, D. J., Gauthier, I., & Schultz, R. T. (2002). Social interest and the development of cortical face specialization: What autism teaches us about face processing. Developmental Pshchobiology, 40, 213–225.CrossRef Grelotti, D. J., Gauthier, I., & Schultz, R. T. (2002). Social interest and the development of cortical face specialization: What autism teaches us about face processing. Developmental Pshchobiology, 40, 213–225.CrossRef
go back to reference Grice, S. J., Spratling, M. W., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Halit, H., Csibra, G., de Haan, M., & Johnson, M. H. (2001). Disordered visual processing and oscillatory brain activity in autism and Williams syndrome. NeuroReport, 12, 2697–2700.PubMedCrossRef Grice, S. J., Spratling, M. W., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Halit, H., Csibra, G., de Haan, M., & Johnson, M. H. (2001). Disordered visual processing and oscillatory brain activity in autism and Williams syndrome. NeuroReport, 12, 2697–2700.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hamilton, D., Richdale, A., & Garner, I. (2002). ‘Tunnel vision’ weak central coherence, and susceptibility to visual illusions. Proceedings of the World Autism Congress Melbourne. Hamilton, D., Richdale, A., & Garner, I. (2002). ‘Tunnel vision’ weak central coherence, and susceptibility to visual illusions. Proceedings of the World Autism Congress Melbourne.
go back to reference Happé, F. G. E. (1996). Studying weak central coherence at low levels: Children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note. Journal of Child Psychology, 37(7), 873–877.CrossRef Happé, F. G. E. (1996). Studying weak central coherence at low levels: Children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note. Journal of Child Psychology, 37(7), 873–877.CrossRef
go back to reference Irlen, H. (1991). Reading by the colors: Overcoming dyslexia and other reading disabilities through the Irlen method. New York: Avery. Irlen, H. (1991). Reading by the colors: Overcoming dyslexia and other reading disabilities through the Irlen method. New York: Avery.
go back to reference Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1997) Are people with autism and Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the embedded figures Test? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 527–534.PubMedCrossRef Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1997) Are people with autism and Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the embedded figures Test? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 527–534.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Judd D. B. (1951). Basic correlates of the visual stimulus. In S. S. Stevens (Ed.), Handbook of experimental psychology (pp. 811–867). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Judd D. B. (1951). Basic correlates of the visual stimulus. In S. S. Stevens (Ed.), Handbook of experimental psychology (pp. 811–867). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
go back to reference Macmillan, N. A., Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: A user’s guide. New York: Cambridge University Press. Macmillan, N. A., Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: A user’s guide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Milne, E., Sweettenham, J., Hansen, P., Campbell, R., Jeffries, H., & Plaisted, K. (2002). High motion processing thresholds in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 255–263.PubMedCrossRef Milne, E., Sweettenham, J., Hansen, P., Campbell, R., Jeffries, H., & Plaisted, K. (2002). High motion processing thresholds in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 255–263.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Minshawi, N. F. (2004). Reliability and concordance of the childhood autism rating scale and DSM-IV in adults with severe and profound mental retardation. Masters thesis, Louisiana State University. Minshawi, N. F. (2004). Reliability and concordance of the childhood autism rating scale and DSM-IV in adults with severe and profound mental retardation. Masters thesis, Louisiana State University.
go back to reference O’Neill, J. L. (1999) Through the eyes of aliens: A book about autistic people. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. O’Neill, J. L. (1999) Through the eyes of aliens: A book about autistic people. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
go back to reference Ornitz, E. M. (1989). Autism at the interface between sensory and information processing. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: Nature, diagnosis and treatment (pp. 174–207). New York: Guilford Press. Ornitz, E. M. (1989). Autism at the interface between sensory and information processing. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: Nature, diagnosis and treatment (pp. 174–207). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Pelphrey, K. A., Sasson, N. J., Reznick, J. S., Paul G., Goldman, B. D., & Piven J. (2002). Visual scanning of faces in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Diseases, 32(4), 49–261. Pelphrey, K. A., Sasson, N. J., Reznick, J. S., Paul G., Goldman, B. D., & Piven J. (2002). Visual scanning of faces in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Diseases, 32(4), 49–261.
go back to reference Richer, J., & Coates, S. (2001). Autism—the search for coherence. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Richer, J., & Coates, S. (2001). Autism—the search for coherence. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
go back to reference Rimland, B. (2000). Cause or coincidence? Autism research review international. 14(4), 1. Rimland, B. (2000). Cause or coincidence? Autism research review international. 14(4), 1.
go back to reference Ring, H. A., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelright, S., Williams, S. C., Brammer, M., Andrew, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (1999). Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: A functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance. Brain, 122, 1305–1315.PubMedCrossRef Ring, H. A., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelright, S., Williams, S. C., Brammer, M., Andrew, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (1999). Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: A functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance. Brain, 122, 1305–1315.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rovamo, J., Virsu, V., & Nasanen, R. (1978). Cortical magnification factor predicts the photopic contrast sensitivity of peripheral vision. Nature, 271, 54–56.PubMedCrossRef Rovamo, J., Virsu, V., & Nasanen, R. (1978). Cortical magnification factor predicts the photopic contrast sensitivity of peripheral vision. Nature, 271, 54–56.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sanchez-Marin, F. J., Wilson, D. L., Srinivas, Y, & Jabri, K. N. (2001). Quantitative image quality analysis of a non-linear spatio-temporal filter. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10, 288–295.PubMedCrossRef Sanchez-Marin, F. J., Wilson, D. L., Srinivas, Y, & Jabri, K. N. (2001). Quantitative image quality analysis of a non-linear spatio-temporal filter. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10, 288–295.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Silva-Moreno, A. A., & Sánchez-Marín, F. J. (2003a). Comparison of the visual performance of deaf and hearing children and adults in a detection task. Optical Review, 10, 53–57.CrossRef Silva-Moreno, A. A., & Sánchez-Marín, F. J. (2003a). Comparison of the visual performance of deaf and hearing children and adults in a detection task. Optical Review, 10, 53–57.CrossRef
go back to reference Silva-Moreno, A., & Sánchez-Marín, F. J. (2003b). Visual performance of deaf and hearing, children and adults, in the detection of a moving stimulus. Optical Review, 14, 216–220.CrossRef Silva-Moreno, A., & Sánchez-Marín, F. J. (2003b). Visual performance of deaf and hearing, children and adults, in the detection of a moving stimulus. Optical Review, 14, 216–220.CrossRef
go back to reference Spencer, J., O’Brien, J., Riggs, K., Braddick, O., Atkinson, J., Wattam-Bell, J. (2000). Motion processing in autism: Evidence for adorsal stream deficiency. NeuroReport, 11, 2765–2767.PubMedCrossRef Spencer, J., O’Brien, J., Riggs, K., Braddick, O., Atkinson, J., Wattam-Bell, J. (2000). Motion processing in autism: Evidence for adorsal stream deficiency. NeuroReport, 11, 2765–2767.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Takarae, Y., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., Krisky, C. M., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004). Pursuit eye movement deficits in autism. Brain, 127(12), 2584–2594.PubMedCrossRef Takarae, Y., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., Krisky, C. M., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004). Pursuit eye movement deficits in autism. Brain, 127(12), 2584–2594.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference VanDalen, J. G. T. (1995). Autism from within: Looking through the eyes of a mildly afflicted autistic person. Link, 17, 11–16. VanDalen, J. G. T. (1995). Autism from within: Looking through the eyes of a mildly afflicted autistic person. Link, 17, 11–16.
go back to reference Virsu, V., & Rovamo, J. (1979). Visual resolution, contrast sensitivity, and the cortical magnification factor. Experimental Brain Research, 37, 475–494.CrossRef Virsu, V., & Rovamo, J. (1979). Visual resolution, contrast sensitivity, and the cortical magnification factor. Experimental Brain Research, 37, 475–494.CrossRef
go back to reference Waterhouse, S. (2000). A positive approach to autism. London: Jessica Kingsle Publishers. Waterhouse, S. (2000). A positive approach to autism. London: Jessica Kingsle Publishers.
go back to reference Williams, D. (1998). Autism and sensing. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Williams, D. (1998). Autism and sensing. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Metagegevens
Titel
A Psychophysical Test of the Visual Pathway of Children with Autism
Auteurs
Francisco J. Sanchez-Marin
Jose A. Padilla-Medina
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2008
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 7/2008
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0507-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2008

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 7/2008 Naar de uitgave