Top

Gepubliceerd in:

04-06-2015 | Original Paper

A Multilevel Analysis of Adverse Family Relations, School Bonding and Risk Behaviours Among Adolescents

Auteurs: Darko Rovis, Harrie Jonkman, Josipa Basic

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 2/2016

Abstract

The risk behaviours of adolescents, such as alcohol use, gambling and violence, represent a great public health challenge. In order to investigate how inter-school differences in risk behaviours can be explained by a positive school environment, measured via school bonding at the individual and school level, and how risk behaviour differences relate to a negative family environment, a multilevel analysis of individual, family and school factors was conducted. A survey was carried out with a random sample of 20 % of all students from 30 secondary schools in Croatia. The questionnaire used consisted of scales for assessing (1) risk behaviours, (2) socio-demographics, (3) adverse family relations, (4) school bonding and (5) school level variables. Intraclass correlations of 0.094 and 0.101 for risk behaviours and school bonding, respectively, were found. Upon fitting a multilevel model with individual and contextual variables, 94.3 % of the school level variance for risk behaviours was explained. Results indicate that, when the compositional effects of age, gender, family background and student’s own level of school attachment and commitment were held constant, attending a school where students tended to exhibit better school bonding was associated with fewer reported risk behaviours both for students from high and low levels of adverse family relationships. These findings support the notion that a whole school approach targeted towards students, families and schools may be helpful in the prevention of risk behaviours.

vorige artikel Parental Divorce and Emerging Adults’ Subjective Well-Being: The Role of “Carrying Messages”

volgende artikel An Adverse Family Environment During Adolescence Predicts Marijuana Use and Antisocial Personality Disorder in Adulthood

Adlaf, E., & Turner, N. (2004). Schools, students and adolescent gambling in Ontario: Two studies. Ontario, Canada: Problem Gambling Research Centre.

Ajduković, M., & Kolesarić, V. (Eds.). (2003). Etički kodeks istraživanja s djecom [The code of ethics for research with children]. Zagreb, Croatia: Državni Zavod za Zaštitu Obitelji, Materinstva i Mladeži.

Arthur, M. W., Hawkins, J. D., Pollard, J. A., Catalano, R. F., & Baglioni, A. J. (2002). Measuring risk and protective factors for use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors: The communities that care youth survey. Evaluation Review, 26, 575–601. doi:10.1177/0193841x0202600601.PubMed

Bailey, J. A., Hill, K. G., Meacham, M. C., Young, S. E., & Hawkins, D. J. (2011). Strategies for characterizing complex phenotypes and environments: General and specific family environmental predictors of young adult tobacco dependence, alcohol use disorder, and co-occurring problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 118, 444–451. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.002.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Bašić, J. (2009). Teorije prevencije: Prevencija poremećaja u ponašanju i rizičnih ponašanja djece i mladih [Theories of prevention: Prevention of risk behaviours and behaviour disorders among children and youth]. Zagreb, Croatia: Školska Knjiga.

Bašić, J., & Ferić, M. (2000). Rizici u komunikaciji obitelji adolescenata [Risks in the communication in the family with adolescents]. In B. Juras (Ed.), Položaj adolescenta u obitelji [Position of adolescents in the family] (pp. 81–97). Zagreb, Croatia: Državni Zavod za Zaštitu Obitelji, Materinstva i Mladeži.

Beyers, J. M., Toumbourou, J. W., Catalano, R. F., Arthur, M. W., & Hawkins, J. D. (2004). A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: The United States and Australia. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, 3–16. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.015.PubMed

Bezinović, P., & Malatestinić, Đ. (2009). Perceived exposure to substance use and risk-taking behavior in early adolescence: Cross-sectional study. Croatian Medical Journal, 50, 157–164. doi:10.3325/cmj.2009.50.157.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Bezinović, P., Marušić, I., & Ristić Dedić, Z. (2010). Razvoj kratke ljestvice učeničkih iskustava s učenjem i nastavom [Development of the short scale of student expiriences with learning and teaching]. Odgojne Znanosti, 12, 29–44.

Bezinović, P., & Smojver-Ažić, S. (2000). Negativni odnos roditelja i agresivnost adolescenata: Značenje spola roditelja i spola djeteta [Adverse parental relationship and adolescent aggressiveness: The importance of parent’s gender and the child’s gender]. Hrvatska Revija za Rehabilitacijska Istraživanja, 36(1), 87–98.

Bezinović, P., & Tkalčić, M. (2002). Škola i psihosomatski simptomi kod srednjoškolaca [School and psychosomatic symptoms in secondary school students]. Napredak, 143, 279–290.

Bonell, C., Parry, W., Wells, H., Jamal, F., Fletcher, A., Harden, A., et al. (2013). The effects of the school environment on student health: A systematic review of multi-level studies. Health and Place, 21, 180–191. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.12.001.PubMedCrossRef

Brody, G. H., Dorsey, S., Forehand, R., & Armistead, L. (2002). Unique and protective contributions of parenting and classroom processes to the adjustment of African American children living in single-parent families. Child Development, 73, 274–286.PubMedCrossRef

Brook, J. S., Brook, D. W., Gordon, A. S., Whiteman, M., & Cohen, P. (1990). The psychosocial etiology of adolescent drug use: A family interactional approach. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 116, 111–267.PubMed

Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, D. J. (1996). The social development model: A theory of antisocial behavior. In J. D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and crime: Current theories (pp. 149–197). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ciairano, S. (2005). The direct and indirect effects of individual and environmental resources in moderating the risk during adolescence. Marie Curie Fellowships Annals, 4.

Cunningham, N. J. (2007). Level of bonding to school and perception of the school environment by bullies, victims, and bully victims. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 27, 457–478. doi:10.1177/0272431607302940.CrossRef

Dahlberg, L. L. (1998). Youth violence in the United States: Major trends, risk factors, and prevention approaches. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 259–272. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00009-9.PubMedCrossRef

Dodig, D., & Ricijaš, N. (2011). Obilježja kockanja Zagrebačkih adolescenata [Gambling of adolescents in Zagreb]. Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada, 18, 103–125.

Donovan, J. E., Jessor, R., & Costa, F. M. (1991). Adolescent health behavior and conventionality–unconventionality: An extension of problem–behavior therapy. Health Psychology, 10, 52–61. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.10.1.52.PubMedCrossRef

Duhig, A. M., Maciejewski, P. K., Desai, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2007). Characteristics of adolescent past-year gamblers and non-gamblers in relation to alcohol drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 80–89. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.021.PubMedCrossRef

Eccles, J. S., Midgley, C., Wigfield, A., Buchanan, C. M., Reuman, D., Flanagan, C., & Iver, D. M. (1993). Development during adolescence: The impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents’ experiences in schools and in families. American Psychologist, 48, 90–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.48.2.90.PubMedCrossRef

Ennett, S. T., & Haws, S. (2010). The school context of adolescent substance use. In L. M. Scheier (Ed.), Handbook of drug use etiology: Theory, methods, and empirical findings (pp. 443–459). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Epstein, M., Hill, K. G., Bailey, J. A., & Hawkins, D. J. (2013). The effect of general and drug-specific family environments on comorbid and drug-specific problem behavior: A longitudinal examination. Developmental Psychology, 49, 1151–1164. doi:10.1037/a0029309.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Fagan, A. A., Van Horn, M. L., Hawkins, D. J., & Arthur, M. W. (2007). Gender similarities and differences in the association between risk and protective factors and self-reported serious delinquency. Prevention Science, 8, 115–124. doi:10.1007/s11121-006-0062-1.PubMedCrossRef

Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, J. L. (2003). Resilience to childhood adversity: Results of a 21-year study. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (pp. 130–155). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Hawkins, D. J. (1999). Preventing crime and violence through communities that care. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 7, 443–458. doi:10.1023/a:1008769321118.CrossRef

Hawkins, D. J., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64–105. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64.PubMedCrossRef

Hawkins, D. J., Guo, J., Hill, K. G., Battin-Pearson, S., & Abbott, R. D. (2001). Long-term effects of the Seattle Social Development Intervention on school bonding trajectories. Applied Developmental Science, 5, 225–236. doi:10.1207/S1532480XADS0504_04.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Hemphill, S. A., Heerde, J. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Patton, G. C., Toumbourou, J. W., & Catalano, R. F. (2011). Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use in Washington State, the United States and Victoria, Australia: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49, 312–320. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.017.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Henry, K. L., & Slater, M. D. (2007). The contextual effect of school attachment on young adolescents’ alcohol use. Journal of School Health, 77, 67–74. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00169.x.PubMedCrossRef

Henry, K. L., Stanley, L. R., Edwards, R. W., Harkabus, L. C., & Chapin, L. A. (2009). Individual and contextual effects of school adjustment on adolescent alcohol use. Prevention Science, 10, 236–247. doi:10.1007/s11121-009-0124-2.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Hox, J. (2010). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York, NY: Academic Press.

Jonkman, H., Steketee, M., Tombourou, J. W., Cini, K., & Williams, J. (2014). Community variation in adolescent alcohol use in Australia and the Netherlands. Health Promotion International, 29, 109–117. doi:10.1093/heapro/das039.PubMedCrossRef

Kellam, S. G., & Van Horn, Y. V. (1997). Life course development, community epidemiology, and preventive trials: A scientific structure for prevention research. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 177–188.PubMedCrossRef

Kreft, I. G., & De Leeuw, J. (1998). Introducing multilevel modeling. Newbury Park: Sage.CrossRef

Kuzman, M., Pavić Šimetin, I., & Pejnović Franelić, I. (2012a). Ponašanje u vezi sa zdravljem u djece školske dobi 2009/2010: Djeca i mladi u društvenom okruženju [The health behaviour in school-aged children 2009/2010: Children and youth in social environment]. Zagreb, Croatia: Hrvatski Zavod za Javno Zdravstvo.

Kuzman, M., Pavić Šimetin, I., Pejnović Franelić, I., Markelić, M., & Hemen, M. (2012b). ESPAD the European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs 2011. Zagreb, Croatia: Hrvatski Zavod za Javno Zdravstvo.

Lee, V. E. (2000). Using hierarchical linear modeling to study social contexts: The case of school effects. Educational Psychologist, 35, 125–141. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3502_6.CrossRef

Lee, V. E., & Smith, J. B. (1996). Collective responsibility for learning and its effects on gains in achievement for early secondary school students. American Journal of Education, 104, 103–147. doi:10.1086/444122.CrossRef

Lonczak, H. S., Huang, B., Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., Hill, K. G., Abbott, R. D., & Kosterman, R. (2001). The social predictors of adolescent alcohol misuse: A test of the social development model. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62, 179–189.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Loxley, W., Toumbourou, J. W., Tim, S., Ben, H., Scott, K., Godfrey, C., & Williams, J. (2004). The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia: A review of the evidence. Canberra, Australia: The National Drug Research Institute and the Centre for Adolescent Health.

Maas, C. J. M., & Hox, J. J. (2005). Sufficient sample sizes for multilevel modeling. Methodology, 1, 86–92. doi:10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86.CrossRef

Maddox, S. J., & Prinz, R. J. (2003). School bonding in children and adolescents: Conceptualization, assessment, and associated variables. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 31–49.PubMedCrossRef

Markham, W. A., Young, R., Sweeting, H., West, P., & Aveyard, P. (2012). Does school ethos explain the relationship between value-added education and teenage substance use? A cohort study. Social Science and Medicine, 75, 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.045.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Marta, E. (1997). Parent–adolescent interactions and psychosocial risk in adolescents: An analysis of communication, support and gender. Journal of Adolescence, 20, 473–487. doi:10.1006/jado.1997.0103.PubMedCrossRef

Mayberry, M. L., Espelage, D. L., & Koenig, B. (2009). Multilevel modeling of direct effects and interactions of peers, parents, school, and community influences on adolescent substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 1038–1049. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9425-9.PubMedCrossRef

McKinney, C., & Renk, K. (2011). A multivariate model of parent–adolescent relationship variables in early adolescence. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 42, 442–462. doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0228-3.PubMedCrossRef

O’Keefe, M., & Lebovics, S. (2005). Adolescents from maritally violent homes. Prevention Researcher, 12, 3–7.

Osgood, D. W., & Anderson, A. L. (2004). Unstructured socializing and rates of delinquency. Criminology, 42, 519–550. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00528.x.CrossRef

Pavic Simetin, I., Kern, J., Kuzman, M., & Pfortner, T. K. (2013). Inequalities in Croatian pupils’ risk behaviors associated to socioeconomic environment at school and area level: A multilevel approach. Social Science and Medicine, 98, 154–161. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.021.PubMedCrossRef

Rabe-Hesketh, S., & Skrondal, A. (2012). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.

Rose-Krasnor, L., Busseri, M. A., Willoughby, T., & Chalmers, H. (2006). Breadth and intensity of youth activity involvement as contexts for positive development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 365–379. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9037-6.CrossRef

Roviš, D., & Bezinović, P. (2011). Vezanost za školu—analiza privrženosti školi i predanosti školskim obvezama kod srednjoškolaca [School bonding—an analysis of attachment to school and commitment to schooling in high school students]. Sociologija i Prostor, 190, 185–208. doi:10.5673/sip.49.2.4.

Šakić, V., Franc, R., & Mlačić, B. (2002). Samoiskazana sklonost adolescenata socijalnim devijacijama i antisocijalnim ponašanjima [Self-expressed tendency of adolescents towards social deviations and antisocial behaviour]. Društvena Istraživanja, 11, 265–289.

Schaps, E., & Solomon, D. (2003). The role of the school’s social environment in preventing student drug use. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 23, 299–328. doi:10.1023/a:1021393724832.CrossRef

Sheryl, A. H., Stephanie, M. P., Herrenkohl, T. I., Toumbourou, J. W., & Catalano, R. F. (2014). Student and school factors associated with school suspension: A multilevel analysis of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. Children and Youth Services Review, 36, 187–194. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.11.022.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Siddiqui, O., Hedeker, D., Flay, B. R., & Hu, F. B. (1996). Intraclass correlation estimates in a school-based smoking prevention study. Outcome and mediating variables, by sex and ethnicity. American Journal of Epidemiology, 144, 425–433.PubMedCrossRef

Smith, J., Berthelsen, D., & O’Connor, I. (1997). Child adjustment in high conflict families. Child: Care, Health and Development, 23, 113–133.

Smojver-Ažić, S., & Bezinović, P. (2011). Sex differences in patterns of relations between family interactions and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Croatian Medical Journal, 52, 469–477. doi:10.3325/cmj.2011.52.469.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Steketee, M., Jonkman, H., Berten, H., & Vettenburg, N. (2013). Alcohol use among adolescents in Europe: Environmental research and preventive actions. Utrecht, Netherland: Verwey-Jonker Institute.

Swaim, R. C. (2003). Individual and school level effects of perceived harm, perceived availability, and community size on marijuana use among 12th-grade students: A random effects model. Prevention Science, 4, 89–98.PubMedCrossRef

Tulchinsky, T. H., & Varavikova, E. A. (2009). The new public health. Oxford, England: Elsevier.

Wenzel, V., Weichold, K., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2009). The life skills program IPSY: Positive influences on school bonding and prevention of substance misuse. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 1391–1401. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.008.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: A Multilevel Analysis of Adverse Family Relations, School Bonding and Risk Behaviours Among Adolescents
Auteurs: Darko Rovis
Harrie Jonkman
Josipa Basic
Publicatiedatum: 04-06-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0223-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2016

The Involvement of Fathers in Supporting a Young Person Living with Mental Illness

Original Paper

Sustainable Family Care for Children with Disabilities

Original Paper

Parental Divorce and Emerging Adults’ Subjective Well-Being: The Role of “Carrying Messages”

Original Paper

Willingness to Use ADHD Self-Management: Mixed Methods Study of Perceptions by Adolescents and Parents

Original Paper

Effects of a Workplace Intervention on Parent–Child Relationships

Original Paper

Parenting Behaviors of Mothers and Fathers of Preschool Age Children with Internalizing Disorders

Original Paper