Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 3/2021

02-03-2021

A Comparison of Psychopathic Trait Latent Profiles in Service Members

Auteurs: Tiffany M. Harrop, Joye C. Anestis, Olivia C. Preston, Randolph Arnau, Bradley A. Green, Michael D. Anestis

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 3/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify differing classes of psychopathic traits in a large sample of military personnel (90.7% Army National Guard) and examined how membership across profiles can be differentiated by mean scores on external correlates relevant to psychopathy and/or to military service (e.g., aggression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, impulsivity). Psychopathy was operationalized via the three-factor model of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scales (LSRP; Brinkley et al. 2008; Levenson et al. 1995). LPA revealed optimal fit for a four-profile solution. Three profiles had roughly equivalent within-profile means across the three factors, characterized by below average, average, and above/high average LSRP scores. The fourth profile emerged as qualitatively different: high on LSRP-Callous but below average on LSRP-Egocentricity and LSRP-Antisocial. The four profiles were differentiable based on their mean scores on external correlates, suggesting varied implications for externalizing and internalizing features across psychopathic trait configurations in a military sample. Implications for studying psychopathy in military and other novel samples are discussed.
Voetnoten
1
See Anestis et al. (2019) for full sample characteristics.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Anestis, J. C., Harrop, T. M., Green, B. A., & Anestis, M. D. (2017). Psychopathic personality traits as protective factors against the development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in a sample of National Guard combat veterans. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39, 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-017-9588-8.CrossRef Anestis, J. C., Harrop, T. M., Green, B. A., & Anestis, M. D. (2017). Psychopathic personality traits as protective factors against the development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in a sample of National Guard combat veterans. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39, 220–229. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10862-017-9588-8.CrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979). Assessment of suicidal intention: The scale for suicide ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47(2), 343–352.CrossRefPubMed Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979). Assessment of suicidal intention: The scale for suicide ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47(2), 343–352.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Blackburn, R., Logan, C., Donnelly, J. P., & Renwick, S. J. (2008). Identifying psychopathic subtypes: Combining an empirical personality classification of offenders with the psychopathy checklist-revised. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 604–622.CrossRefPubMed Blackburn, R., Logan, C., Donnelly, J. P., & Renwick, S. J. (2008). Identifying psychopathic subtypes: Combining an empirical personality classification of offenders with the psychopathy checklist-revised. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 604–622.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bowes, S. M., Brown, A. L., Thompson, W. W., Sellbom, M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2019). Do psychopathic traits statistically protect against PTSD? A retrospective study of Vietnam veterans. Journal of Personality Disorders, Advance publication, 1–S4. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_432. Bowes, S. M., Brown, A. L., Thompson, W. W., Sellbom, M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2019). Do psychopathic traits statistically protect against PTSD? A retrospective study of Vietnam veterans. Journal of Personality Disorders, Advance publication, 1–S4. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1521/​pedi_​2019_​33_​432.
go back to reference Cleckley, H. (1941/1976). The mask of sanity. St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Cleckley, H. (1941/1976). The mask of sanity. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
go back to reference Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences, 2nd Edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences, 2nd Edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Drislane, L. E., Patrick, C. J., Sourander, A., Sillanmäki, L., Aggen, S. H., Elonheimo, H., Parkkola, K., Multimäki, P., & Kendler, K. S. (2014). Distinct variants of extreme psychopathic individuals in society at large: Evidence from a population-based sample. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 154–163.CrossRef Drislane, L. E., Patrick, C. J., Sourander, A., Sillanmäki, L., Aggen, S. H., Elonheimo, H., Parkkola, K., Multimäki, P., & Kendler, K. S. (2014). Distinct variants of extreme psychopathic individuals in society at large: Evidence from a population-based sample. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 154–163.CrossRef
go back to reference Ellis, P. D. (2010). The essential guide to effect sizes: Statistical power, meta-analysis, and the interpretation of research results. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Ellis, P. D. (2010). The essential guide to effect sizes: Statistical power, meta-analysis, and the interpretation of research results. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Fiedler, E. R., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2004). Traits associated with personality disorders and adjustment to military life: Predictive validity of self and peer reports. Military Medicine, 169, 207–211.CrossRefPubMed Fiedler, E. R., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2004). Traits associated with personality disorders and adjustment to military life: Predictive validity of self and peer reports. Military Medicine, 169, 207–211.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hall, L. K. (2011). The importance of understanding military culture. Social Work in Health Care, 50(1), 4–28.CrossRefPubMed Hall, L. K. (2011). The importance of understanding military culture. Social Work in Health Care, 50(1), 4–28.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hare, R. D. (2003). The psychopathy checklist-revised manual (2nd ed.). Toronto, Ontario: Multi-Health Systems. Hare, R. D. (2003). The psychopathy checklist-revised manual (2nd ed.). Toronto, Ontario: Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2006). Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveals distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(2), 276–287.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2006). Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveals distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(2), 276–287.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Hicks, B., Markon, K., Patrick, C., Krueger, R., & Newman, J. (2004). Identifying psychopathy subtypes on the basis of personality structure. Psychological Assessment, 16, 276–288.CrossRefPubMed Hicks, B., Markon, K., Patrick, C., Krueger, R., & Newman, J. (2004). Identifying psychopathy subtypes on the basis of personality structure. Psychological Assessment, 16, 276–288.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hicks, B. M., Vaidyanathan, U., & Patrick, C. J. (2010). Validating female psychopathy subtypes: differences in personality, antisocial and violent behavior, substance abuse, trauma, and mental health. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 1, 38–57.CrossRef Hicks, B. M., Vaidyanathan, U., & Patrick, C. J. (2010). Validating female psychopathy subtypes: differences in personality, antisocial and violent behavior, substance abuse, trauma, and mental health. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 1, 38–57.CrossRef
go back to reference Jackson, J. J., Thoemmes, F., Jonkmann, K., Lüdtke, O., & Trautwein, U. (2012). Military training and personality trait development: Does the military make the man, or does the man make the military? Psychological Science, 23(3), 270–277.CrossRefPubMed Jackson, J. J., Thoemmes, F., Jonkmann, K., Lüdtke, O., & Trautwein, U. (2012). Military training and personality trait development: Does the military make the man, or does the man make the military? Psychological Science, 23(3), 270–277.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Karpman, B. (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: The symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, 3, 112–137. Karpman, B. (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: The symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, 3, 112–137.
go back to reference Karpman, B. (1948). Conscience in the psychopath: Another version. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 18, 455–491.CrossRefPubMed Karpman, B. (1948). Conscience in the psychopath: Another version. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 18, 455–491.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Krstic, S., Neumann, C. S., Roy, S., Robertson, C. A., Knight, R. A., & Hare, R. D. (2017). Using latent variable- and person-centered approaches to examine the role of psychopathic traits in sex offenders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9, 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000249.CrossRef Krstic, S., Neumann, C. S., Roy, S., Robertson, C. A., Knight, R. A., & Hare, R. D. (2017). Using latent variable- and person-centered approaches to examine the role of psychopathic traits in sex offenders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9, 207–216. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​per0000249.CrossRef
go back to reference Landay, K., & Frieder, R. E. (2018). Cold-blooded killers? Rethinking psychopathy in the military. In Occupational stress and well-being in military contexts (pp. 23–47). United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited.CrossRef Landay, K., & Frieder, R. E. (2018). Cold-blooded killers? Rethinking psychopathy in the military. In Occupational stress and well-being in military contexts (pp. 23–47). United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited.CrossRef
go back to reference Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstutionalized population. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68, 151–158.CrossRef Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstutionalized population. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68, 151–158.CrossRef
go back to reference Lilienfeld, S. O., Watts, A. L., & Smith, S. F. (2015a). Successful psychopathy: A scientific status report. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 298–303.CrossRef Lilienfeld, S. O., Watts, A. L., & Smith, S. F. (2015a). Successful psychopathy: A scientific status report. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 298–303.CrossRef
go back to reference Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Lykken, D. T. (1957). A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality. Journal of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, 55, 6–10.CrossRef Lykken, D. T. (1957). A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality. Journal of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, 55, 6–10.CrossRef
go back to reference Lynam, D. R., Smith, G. T., Whiteside, S. P., & Cyders, M. A. (2006). The UPPS-P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (technical report). West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University. Lynam, D. R., Smith, G. T., Whiteside, S. P., & Cyders, M. A. (2006). The UPPS-P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (technical report). West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University.
go back to reference Marcus, D. K., Sanford, G. M., Edens, J. F., Knight, R. A., & Walters, G. D. (2011). Taxometrics and evolutionary theory: The case of the psychopathic sexuality taxon. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice: Objective Investigations of Controversial Claims in Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, and Social Work, 8, 6–16. Marcus, D. K., Sanford, G. M., Edens, J. F., Knight, R. A., & Walters, G. D. (2011). Taxometrics and evolutionary theory: The case of the psychopathic sexuality taxon. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice: Objective Investigations of Controversial Claims in Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, and Social Work, 8, 6–16.
go back to reference Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Trautwein, U., & Morin, A. J. (2009). Classical latent profile analysis of academic self-concept dimensions: Synergy of person- and variable-centered approaches to theoretical models of self-concept. SEM, 16, 191–225. Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Trautwein, U., & Morin, A. J. (2009). Classical latent profile analysis of academic self-concept dimensions: Synergy of person- and variable-centered approaches to theoretical models of self-concept. SEM, 16, 191–225.
go back to reference Muthén, M. (2000). Methodological issues in random coefficient growth modeling using a latent variable framework: Applications to the development of heavy drinking. Multivariate Applications in Substance Use Research, pp. 113–140. Muthén, M. (2000). Methodological issues in random coefficient growth modeling using a latent variable framework: Applications to the development of heavy drinking. Multivariate Applications in Substance Use Research, pp. 113–140.
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2007). Mplus user’s guide. Fifth edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2007). Mplus user’s guide. Fifth edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
go back to reference Nagin, D. (2005). Group-based modeling of development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Nagin, D. (2005). Group-based modeling of development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
go back to reference Neumann, C. S., Vitacco, M. J., & Mokros, A. S. (2016). Using both variable-centered and person-centered approaches to understanding psychopathic personality. In C. B. Gacono (Ed.), Personality and clinical psychology series. The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide (pp. 14–31). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group: New York, NY, US. Neumann, C. S., Vitacco, M. J., & Mokros, A. S. (2016). Using both variable-centered and person-centered approaches to understanding psychopathic personality. In C. B. Gacono (Ed.), Personality and clinical psychology series. The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide (pp. 14–31). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group: New York, NY, US.
go back to reference Patton, C. L., Smith, S. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2018). Psychopathy and heroism in first responders: Traits cut from the same cloth? Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(4), 354.CrossRef Patton, C. L., Smith, S. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2018). Psychopathy and heroism in first responders: Traits cut from the same cloth? Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(4), 354.CrossRef
go back to reference Paulhus, D. L., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2015). Manual for the self-report psychopathy scale (4th ed.). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems. Paulhus, D. L., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2015). Manual for the self-report psychopathy scale (4th ed.). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Salekin, R. T., Chen, D. R., Sellbom, M., Lester, W., & MacDougall, E. (2014). Examining the factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity of the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale: Is the two-factor model the best fitting model? Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 5(3), 289–304.CrossRef Salekin, R. T., Chen, D. R., Sellbom, M., Lester, W., & MacDougall, E. (2014). Examining the factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity of the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale: Is the two-factor model the best fitting model? Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 5(3), 289–304.CrossRef
go back to reference Skeem, J. L., Polaschek, D. L., Patrick, C. J., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Psychopathic personality: Bridging the gap between scientific evidence and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12, 95–162.CrossRefPubMed Skeem, J. L., Polaschek, D. L., Patrick, C. J., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Psychopathic personality: Bridging the gap between scientific evidence and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12, 95–162.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Smith, S. F., Lilienfeld, S. O., Coffey, K., & Dabbs, J. M. (2013). Are psychopaths and heroes twigs off the same branch? Evidence from college, community, and presidential samples. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 634–646.CrossRef Smith, S. F., Lilienfeld, S. O., Coffey, K., & Dabbs, J. M. (2013). Are psychopaths and heroes twigs off the same branch? Evidence from college, community, and presidential samples. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 634–646.CrossRef
go back to reference Spielberger, C. D. (1999). Manual for the state-trait anger expression inventory, STAXI-2. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. Spielberger, C. D. (1999). Manual for the state-trait anger expression inventory, STAXI-2. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Strom, T. Q., Gavian, M. E., Possis, E., Loughlin, J., Bui, T., Linardatos, E., et al. (2012). Cultural and ethical considerations when working with military personnel and veterans: A primer for VA training programs. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 6(2), 67–75.CrossRef Strom, T. Q., Gavian, M. E., Possis, E., Loughlin, J., Bui, T., Linardatos, E., et al. (2012). Cultural and ethical considerations when working with military personnel and veterans: A primer for VA training programs. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 6(2), 67–75.CrossRef
go back to reference van Baardewijk, Y., Andershed, H., Stegge, H., Nilsson, K. W., Scholte, E., & Vermeiren, R. (2010). Development and tests of short versions of the youth psychopathic traits inventory and the youth psychopathic traits inventory-child version. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26, 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000017.CrossRef van Baardewijk, Y., Andershed, H., Stegge, H., Nilsson, K. W., Scholte, E., & Vermeiren, R. (2010). Development and tests of short versions of the youth psychopathic traits inventory and the youth psychopathic traits inventory-child version. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26, 122–128. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1027/​1015-5759/​a000017.CrossRef
go back to reference Verschuere, B., van Ghesel Grothe, S., Waldorp, L., Watts, A. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Edens, J. F., Skeem, J. L., & Noordhof, A. (2018). What features of psychopathy might be central? A network analysis of the psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R) in three large samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn00003.CrossRefPubMed Verschuere, B., van Ghesel Grothe, S., Waldorp, L., Watts, A. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Edens, J. F., Skeem, J. L., & Noordhof, A. (2018). What features of psychopathy might be central? A network analysis of the psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R) in three large samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 51–65. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​abn00003.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wagstaff, G., & Rowledge, A. (1995). Stoicism: Its relation to gender, attitudes toward poverty, and reactions to emotional material. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135, 181–184.CrossRefPubMed Wagstaff, G., & Rowledge, A. (1995). Stoicism: Its relation to gender, attitudes toward poverty, and reactions to emotional material. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135, 181–184.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Proceedings of the annual convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. San Antonio, TX. Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Proceedings of the annual convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. San Antonio, TX.
Metagegevens
Titel
A Comparison of Psychopathic Trait Latent Profiles in Service Members
Auteurs
Tiffany M. Harrop
Joye C. Anestis
Olivia C. Preston
Randolph Arnau
Bradley A. Green
Michael D. Anestis
Publicatiedatum
02-03-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09872-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2021

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 3/2021 Naar de uitgave