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2016 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

4 Motorische ontwikkeling

A De motoriek van foetus en pasgeborene

Auteur : Mijna Hadders-Algra

Gepubliceerd in: Kinderfysiotherapie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

De allereerste bewegingen van de menselijke foetus zijn zijwaartse bewegingen van hoofd en romp. Ze verschijnen vanaf 7 weken postmenstruele (PM) leeftijd. Een week later ontstaan de bewegingen van de ledematen. De eerste bewegingen van armen en benen zijn eenvoudige, kortdurende buig-strekbewegingen. Vanaf week 9 à 10 PM ontstaan complexe en gevarieerde bewegingen, waaraan alle onderdelen van het lichaam meedoen. Dit zijn de kenmerkende gegeneraliseerde bewegingen (general movements, GM’s) van de foetus en jonge baby. Tijdens de GM’s worden alle bewegingscombinaties van de verschillende onderdelen van het lichaam uitgeprobeerd. Het verschijnen van complexe en gevarieerde GM’s op de leeftijd van 9-10 weken PM valt samen met het ontstaan van synaptische activiteit in de zogenoemde corticale subplaat. De corticale subplaat is een tijdelijke structuur in het zich ontwikkelende zenuwstelsel. Niet alleen het ontstaan van de specifieke GM-kenmerken valt samen met het ontstaan van subplaatactiviteit, ook de leeftijdsgebonden vormveranderingen en het verdwijnen van GM’s en subplaat vallen samen. Deze gelijktijdigheid vormde de basis voor de hypothese dat de variatie en complexiteit van GM’s teweeggebracht worden door subplaatactiviteit.
Voetnoten
1
Er kunnen bij baby’s vijf verschillende gedragstoestanden worden onderscheiden. Toestand 1: non-remslaap, toestand 2: remslaap, toestand 3: wakker zijn zonder beweeglijkheid, toestand 4: wakker zijn en bewegen, toestand 5: huilen.10
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
4 Motorische ontwikkeling
Auteur
Mijna Hadders-Algra
Copyright
2016
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1592-5_8