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2006 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

23 Autismespectrumstoornissen

Auteurs : J.K. Buitelaar, S.H.N. Swinkels

Gepubliceerd in: Handboek psychopathologie deel 2

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

De groep van de autismespectrumstoornissen (ASS), pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen genoemd in de DSM-IV en ICD-10, is een brede groep stoornissen met in meerdere of mindere mate problemen op het gebied van de sociale interactie en de verbale en non-verbale communicatie, een gebrek aan verbeelding, en de aanwezigheid van repetitief en stereotiep gedrag. Binnen de ASS worden drie syndromen onderscheiden (tabel 23.1). De autistische stoornis wordt geclassificeerd wanneer zes of meer criteria positief gescoord worden, waarvan ten minste twee op de dimensie van sociale contacten en minstens één op elk van de twee andere dimensies. Voor de classificatie van de stoornis van Asperger zijn twee criteria op de sociale dimensie en één van de beperkte patronen van interesse en gedrag vereist. Veel individuen met de stoornis van Asperger hebben in formele zin een ongestoorde taalontwikkeling, maar laten grote problemen zien op het gebied van de wederkerige communicatie. De ‘pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen niet anders omschreven’ (PDS-NOS) vormen een restcategorie, die in de praktijk voor veel diagnostische onduidelijkheid zorgt. Deze diagnose is bruikbaar voor die milde fenotypen die op basis van hun gebrek aan sociale sensitiviteit en eenzijdige starheid ernstig beperkt worden in hun sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling en ook vaak in opleiding en beroepsmatige ontplooiing. De aanwezigheid van een aantal criteria (ten minste drie en ten hoogste vijf, met een criterium op de dimensie sociaal contact) blijkt deze groep goed te onderscheiden van individuen zonder ASS aan de ene kant en volledig autisme aan de andere kant (Buitelaar e.a., 1999).
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Metagegevens
Titel
23 Autismespectrumstoornissen
Auteurs
J.K. Buitelaar
S.H.N. Swinkels
Copyright
2006
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9244-5_23