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2016 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

2 Theorieën over motorisch leren en handelen

A Motorisch leren

Auteur : Peter J. Beek

Gepubliceerd in: Kinderfysiotherapie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Samenvatting

Beweging is onontbeerlijk om iets voor elkaar te krijgen in de wereld en om te communiceren met anderen. Motoriek en motorisch leren zijn daarmee essentieel voor ons bestaan. Zonder het vermogen te leren zouden we ons niet aan kunnen passen aan veranderingen in de omgeving en ons ook geen nieuwe motorische vaardigheden eigen kunnen maken. Motorisch leren houdt in dat er veranderingen plaatsvinden in de aansturing van bewegingen die een zekere tijd voortbestaan. Dat laatste wordt in het onderzoek bepaald met een retentietest, dat wil zeggen: een test die wordt afgenomen nadat enige tijd niet meer is geoefend. Leerprocessen zijn echter strikt genomen niet te isoleren. We leren voortdurend en ons brein verandert continu. Het leven van een individu is op te vatten als één groot, onafgebroken leerproces en de anatomie van het brein als de materiële neerslag daarvan. Leren is overigens niet alleen een kwestie van veranderingen in het brein. In de rest van het zenuwstelsel treden ten gevolge van oefening ook veranderingen op, evenals in andere delen van het lichaam. Het gehele lichaam voegt zich naar taken die we vaak uitvoeren, denk bijvoorbeeld aan de hypertrofie die optreedt als we een bepaalde spiergroep intensief gebruiken, of aan het elastischer worden van bindweefsel door lenigheidsoefeningen. Bij motorische leerprocessen is daarom altijd sprake van een wisselwerking tussen (veranderingen in) neurale processen en (veranderingen in) de structuur van het bewegingsapparaat.
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Metagegevens
Titel
2 Theorieën over motorisch leren en handelen
Auteur
Peter J. Beek
Copyright
2016
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1592-5_2