Skip to main content
Top

2016 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

12 Het centrale zenuwstelsel

Auteur : A.I.R.P.E. MaasVos

Gepubliceerd in: Leerboek intensive-care-verpleegkunde

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Zusammenfassung

Intensieve behandeling en verpleging in de neurologie/neurochirurgie is vooral aangewezen voor patiënten met acute aandoeningen van het zenuwstelsel met een gedaald bewustzijn en/of grote kans op complicaties. De meest voorkomende aandoeningen zijn:
Literatuur
go back to reference Al-Tamimi YZ, Orsi NM, Quinn AC, et al. A review of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: historical overview, current treatment, and pathophysiology. World Neurosurg. 2010;73:654–67CrossRefPubMed Al-Tamimi YZ, Orsi NM, Quinn AC, et al. A review of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: historical overview, current treatment, and pathophysiology. World Neurosurg. 2010;73:654–67CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Avezaat CJJ, Eijndhoven JHM van. Cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and the craniospinal dynamics [proefschrift] Rotterdam; Erasmus universiteit, 1984. Avezaat CJJ, Eijndhoven JHM van. Cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and the craniospinal dynamics [proefschrift] Rotterdam; Erasmus universiteit, 1984.
go back to reference Avezaat CJJ, Braakman R, Maas AIR. Een graadmeter van het bewustzijn: de Glasgow ‘coma’-schaal. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1977;121:2117–21.PubMed Avezaat CJJ, Braakman R, Maas AIR. Een graadmeter van het bewustzijn: de Glasgow ‘coma’-schaal. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1977;121:2117–21.PubMed
go back to reference Beaumont A, Marmarou A. Treatment of raised intracranial pressure following traumatic brain injury. Crit Rev Neurosurg. 1999;9:207–16.CrossRefPubMed Beaumont A, Marmarou A. Treatment of raised intracranial pressure following traumatic brain injury. Crit Rev Neurosurg. 1999;9:207–16.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bellander BM, Cantais E, Enblad P, et al. Consensus meeting on microdialysis in neurointensive care. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30:2166–9.CrossRefPubMed Bellander BM, Cantais E, Enblad P, et al. Consensus meeting on microdialysis in neurointensive care. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30:2166–9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bhardwaj A, Harukuni I, Murphy SJ, et al. Hypertonic saline worsens infarct volume after transient focal ischemia in rats. Stroke. 2000;31:1694–701.CrossRefPubMed Bhardwaj A, Harukuni I, Murphy SJ, et al. Hypertonic saline worsens infarct volume after transient focal ischemia in rats. Stroke. 2000;31:1694–701.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bienstein C, Fröhlich A. Basale Stimulation in der Pflege: Die Grundlagen, 7. Aufl. Bern: Huber, 2012. Bienstein C, Fröhlich A. Basale Stimulation in der Pflege: Die Grundlagen, 7. Aufl. Bern: Huber, 2012.
go back to reference Brenner M, Stein D, Hu P, et al. Association between early hyperoxia and worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Arch Surg. 2012;147:1042–6.CrossRefPubMed Brenner M, Stein D, Hu P, et al. Association between early hyperoxia and worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Arch Surg. 2012;147:1042–6.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Brink WA van den, Santbrink H van, Steyerberg EW, et al. Brain oxygen tension in severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 2000;46:868–76.PubMed Brink WA van den, Santbrink H van, Steyerberg EW, et al. Brain oxygen tension in severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 2000;46:868–76.PubMed
go back to reference Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, et al.; Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Author Group. Guidelines for the surgical management of traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(3 Suppl):S 7–60. Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, et al.; Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Author Group. Guidelines for the surgical management of traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(3 Suppl):S 7–60.
go back to reference Burton DR. Pathophysiology and etiology of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). www.uptodate.com. 2011. Burton DR. Pathophysiology and etiology of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). www.​uptodate.​com. 2011.
go back to reference Clifton GL, Valadka A, Zygun D, et al. Very early hypothermia induction in patients with severe brain injury (the National Acute Brain Injury Study: Hypothermia II): a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:131–9.CrossRefPubMed Clifton GL, Valadka A, Zygun D, et al. Very early hypothermia induction in patients with severe brain injury (the National Acute Brain Injury Study: Hypothermia II): a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:131–9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Colbert CA, Holshouser BA, Aaen GS, et al. Value of cerebral microhemorrhages detected with susceptibility-weighted MR imaging for prediction of long-term outcome in children with nonaccidental trauma. Radiology. 2010; 256:898–905.CrossRefPubMed Colbert CA, Holshouser BA, Aaen GS, et al. Value of cerebral microhemorrhages detected with susceptibility-weighted MR imaging for prediction of long-term outcome in children with nonaccidental trauma. Radiology. 2010; 256:898–905.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L, et al.; DECRA Trial Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1493–502.CrossRefPubMed Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L, et al.; DECRA Trial Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1493–502.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Darby JM, Stein K, Grenvik A, Stuart SA. Approach to management of the heartbeating braindeath organ donor. JAMA. 1989;261:2222–8.CrossRefPubMed Darby JM, Stein K, Grenvik A, Stuart SA. Approach to management of the heartbeating braindeath organ donor. JAMA. 1989;261:2222–8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Drake J. Report of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee on a universal subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scale. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:985–6. Drake J. Report of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee on a universal subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scale. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:985–6.
go back to reference Dreier JP. The role of spreading depression, spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia in neurological disease. Nat Med. 2010;17:439–47.CrossRef Dreier JP. The role of spreading depression, spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia in neurological disease. Nat Med. 2010;17:439–47.CrossRef
go back to reference Frattalone AR, Stevens RD. Intracranial pressure and its surrogates. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:1051–3.CrossRefPubMed Frattalone AR, Stevens RD. Intracranial pressure and its surrogates. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:1051–3.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gezondheidsraad; Commissie Hersendoodcriteria. Hersendoodcriteria. Rijswijk: Gezondheidsraad, 1996. Gezondheidsraad; Commissie Hersendoodcriteria. Hersendoodcriteria. Rijswijk: Gezondheidsraad, 1996.
go back to reference Gezondheidsraad. Hersendoodprotocol. Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad, 2006. Gezondheidsraad. Hersendoodprotocol. Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad, 2006.
go back to reference Gijn J van, Rinkel GJ. Subarchnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. Brain. 2001;124:249–78.CrossRefPubMed Gijn J van, Rinkel GJ. Subarchnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. Brain. 2001;124:249–78.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hartings JA, Watanabe T, Bullock MR, et al. Spreading depolarizations have prolonged direct current shifts and are associated with poor outcome in brain trauma. Brain. 2011;134(Pt 5)0529–40.CrossRef Hartings JA, Watanabe T, Bullock MR, et al. Spreading depolarizations have prolonged direct current shifts and are associated with poor outcome in brain trauma. Brain. 2011;134(Pt 5)0529–40.CrossRef
go back to reference Heinemeyer G, Roots I, et al. Indication and inhibition of drug elimination in critical care patients as shown by pentobarbital and metamirol clearance. Biochem Pharmacol. 1985;34:413–14.CrossRef Heinemeyer G, Roots I, et al. Indication and inhibition of drug elimination in critical care patients as shown by pentobarbital and metamirol clearance. Biochem Pharmacol. 1985;34:413–14.CrossRef
go back to reference Heinemeyer G, Roots I, Dennhardt R. Monitoring of pentobarbital plasma levels in critical care patients suffering from increased intracranial pressure. Ther Drug Monit. 1986;8:145–50.CrossRefPubMed Heinemeyer G, Roots I, Dennhardt R. Monitoring of pentobarbital plasma levels in critical care patients suffering from increased intracranial pressure. Ther Drug Monit. 1986;8:145–50.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hofman PA, Nelemans P, Kemerink GJ, Wilmink JT. Value of radiological diagnosis of skull fracture in the management of mild head injury: meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68:416–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hofman PA, Nelemans P, Kemerink GJ, Wilmink JT. Value of radiological diagnosis of skull fracture in the management of mild head injury: meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68:416–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Hop JW, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, Gijn J van. Case-fatality rates and functional outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. Stroke. 1997;28:660–4.CrossRefPubMed Hop JW, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, Gijn J van. Case-fatality rates and functional outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. Stroke. 1997;28:660–4.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hop JW, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, Gijn J van. Quality of life in patients and partners after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 1998;29:798–804.CrossRefPubMed Hop JW, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, Gijn J van. Quality of life in patients and partners after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 1998;29:798–804.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Horn P, Münch E, Vajkoczy P, et al. Hypertonic saline solution for control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with exhausted response to mannitol and barbiturates. Neurol Res. 1999;21:758–64.CrossRefPubMed Horn P, Münch E, Vajkoczy P, et al. Hypertonic saline solution for control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with exhausted response to mannitol and barbiturates. Neurol Res. 1999;21:758–64.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hunt WE, Hess RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1968;28:14–20.CrossRefPubMed Hunt WE, Hess RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1968;28:14–20.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Khanna S, Davis D, Peterson B, et al. Use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:1144–51.CrossRefPubMed Khanna S, Davis D, Peterson B, et al. Use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:1144–51.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kuks JBM. Klinische neuroimmunologie. In: Meche FGA van der, Polman CH, red. Myasthenia gravis. 2000. Kuks JBM. Klinische neuroimmunologie. In: Meche FGA van der, Polman CH, red. Myasthenia gravis. 2000.
go back to reference Lang EW, Lagopoulos J, Griffith J, et al. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity testing in head injury: the link between pressure and flow. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:1053–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lang EW, Lagopoulos J, Griffith J, et al. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity testing in head injury: the link between pressure and flow. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:1053–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Laureno R, Karp BI. Myelinolysis after correction of hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:57–62.CrossRefPubMed Laureno R, Karp BI. Myelinolysis after correction of hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:57–62.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lindegaard KF, Nornes H, Bakke SJ, et al. Cerebral vasospasm diagnosis by means of angiography and blood velocity measurements. Acta Neurochir. 1989;100:12–24.CrossRefPubMed Lindegaard KF, Nornes H, Bakke SJ, et al. Cerebral vasospasm diagnosis by means of angiography and blood velocity measurements. Acta Neurochir. 1989;100:12–24.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lingsma HF, Roozenbeek B, Steyerberg EW, et al. Early prognosis in traumatic brain injury: from prophecies to predictions. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:543–54.CrossRefPubMed Lingsma HF, Roozenbeek B, Steyerberg EW, et al. Early prognosis in traumatic brain injury: from prophecies to predictions. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:543–54.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lundberg N. Continuous recording and control of ventricular fluid pressure in neurosurgical practice. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1960;36:1–193.PubMed Lundberg N. Continuous recording and control of ventricular fluid pressure in neurosurgical practice. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1960;36:1–193.PubMed
go back to reference Maas AI, Stocchetti N, Bullock R. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:728–41.CrossRefPubMed Maas AI, Stocchetti N, Bullock R. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:728–41.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Marmarou A, Schumann K, La Morgese J. Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid system. J Neurosurg. 1975;43:523–4.CrossRefPubMed Marmarou A, Schumann K, La Morgese J. Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid system. J Neurosurg. 1975;43:523–4.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Marmarou A, Maset AL, Ward JD, et al. Contribution of CSF and vascular factors to elevation of ICP in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1987;66:883–91.CrossRefPubMed Marmarou A, Maset AL, Ward JD, et al. Contribution of CSF and vascular factors to elevation of ICP in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1987;66:883–91.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Marmarou A, Fatouros PP, Barzó P, et al. Contribution of edema and cerebral blood volume to traumatic brain swelling in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:183–93.CrossRefPubMed Marmarou A, Fatouros PP, Barzó P, et al. Contribution of edema and cerebral blood volume to traumatic brain swelling in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 2000;93:183–93.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Marshall LF, Smith RW, Rauscher LA, Shapiro HM. Mannitol dose requirements in brain-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1978;48:169–72.CrossRefPubMed Marshall LF, Smith RW, Rauscher LA, Shapiro HM. Mannitol dose requirements in brain-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1978;48:169–72.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Matsukawa H, Shinoda M, Fujii M, et al. Genu of corpus callosum as a prognostic factor in diffuse axonal injury. J Neurosurg. 2011;115:1019–24.CrossRefPubMed Matsukawa H, Shinoda M, Fujii M, et al. Genu of corpus callosum as a prognostic factor in diffuse axonal injury. J Neurosurg. 2011;115:1019–24.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Menon DK, Schwab K, Wright DW, Maas AI; Demographics and Clinical Assessment Working Group of the International and Interagency Initiative toward Common Data Elements for Research on Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychological Health. Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1637–40. Menon DK, Schwab K, Wright DW, Maas AI; Demographics and Clinical Assessment Working Group of the International and Interagency Initiative toward Common Data Elements for Research on Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychological Health. Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1637–40.
go back to reference Menzel M, Doppenberg EM, Zauner A, et al. Increased inspired oxygen concentration as a factor in improved brain tissue oxygenation and tissue lactate levels after severe human head injury. J Neurosurg. 1999;91:1–10.CrossRefPubMed Menzel M, Doppenberg EM, Zauner A, et al. Increased inspired oxygen concentration as a factor in improved brain tissue oxygenation and tissue lactate levels after severe human head injury. J Neurosurg. 1999;91:1–10.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Miller JD, Garibi J. Intracranial volume pressure relationships during continuous monitoring of ventricular fluid pressure. In: Brock M, Dietz H, eds. Intracranial pressure: experimental and clinical aspects. Berlin: Springer, 1972. p. 270–4.CrossRef Miller JD, Garibi J. Intracranial volume pressure relationships during continuous monitoring of ventricular fluid pressure. In: Brock M, Dietz H, eds. Intracranial pressure: experimental and clinical aspects. Berlin: Springer, 1972. p. 270–4.CrossRef
go back to reference Miller JD, Butterworth JF, Gudeman SK, et al. Further experience in the management of severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:289–99.CrossRefPubMed Miller JD, Butterworth JF, Gudeman SK, et al. Further experience in the management of severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:289–99.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Muizelaar JP, Wei EP, Kontos HA, Becker DP. Mannitol causes compensatory cerebral vasoconstriction and vasodilatation in response to blood viscosity changes. J Neurosurg. 1983;59:822–8.CrossRefPubMed Muizelaar JP, Wei EP, Kontos HA, Becker DP. Mannitol causes compensatory cerebral vasoconstriction and vasodilatation in response to blood viscosity changes. J Neurosurg. 1983;59:822–8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Muizelaar JD, Lutz HA 3rd, Becker DP. Effect of mannitol on ICP and CBF and correlation with pressure autoregulation in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1984;61:700–6.CrossRefPubMed Muizelaar JD, Lutz HA 3rd, Becker DP. Effect of mannitol on ICP and CBF and correlation with pressure autoregulation in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1984;61:700–6.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Munar F, Ferrer AM, de Nadal M, et al. Cerebral hemodynamic effects of 7.2% hypertonic saline in patients with head injury and raised intracranial pressure. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:41–51.CrossRefPubMed Munar F, Ferrer AM, de Nadal M, et al. Cerebral hemodynamic effects of 7.2% hypertonic saline in patients with head injury and raised intracranial pressure. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:41–51.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Nederlandse Transplantatie Stichting. Modelprotocol postmortale orgaan- en weefseldonatie. Leiden: NTS, 2011. Nederlandse Transplantatie Stichting. Modelprotocol postmortale orgaan- en weefseldonatie. Leiden: NTS, 2011.
go back to reference Nederlandse Vereniging voor Neurologie, Commissie Kwaliteitsbevordering. Richtlijnen Diagnostiek en behandeling van epilepsie. Utrecht: NVN, 2001. Nederlandse Vereniging voor Neurologie, Commissie Kwaliteitsbevordering. Richtlijnen Diagnostiek en behandeling van epilepsie. Utrecht: NVN, 2001.
go back to reference Nederlandse Vereniging voor Neurologie. Richtlijn Diagnostiek, behandeling en zorg voor patiënten met een beroerte. Utrecht: NVN, 2008. Nederlandse Vereniging voor Neurologie. Richtlijn Diagnostiek, behandeling en zorg voor patiënten met een beroerte. Utrecht: NVN, 2008.
go back to reference Pallis C. ABC of brain stem death. Prognostic significance of a dead brain stem. Br Med J. 1983:286:123–4.CrossRef Pallis C. ABC of brain stem death. Prognostic significance of a dead brain stem. Br Med J. 1983:286:123–4.CrossRef
go back to reference Perel P, Arango M, Clayton T, et al.; MRC Crash Trial Collaborators. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: practical prognostic models based on large cohort of international patients. BMJ. 2008;336:425–9.CrossRefPubMed Perel P, Arango M, Clayton T, et al.; MRC Crash Trial Collaborators. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: practical prognostic models based on large cohort of international patients. BMJ. 2008;336:425–9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schaaf I van der, Algra A, Wermer M, et al. Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD003085. Schaaf I van der, Algra A, Wermer M, et al. Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD003085.
go back to reference Steyerberg EW, Mushkudiani N, Perel P, et al. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and international validation of prognostic scores based on admission characteristics. PLOS Med. 2008;5:e165. Steyerberg EW, Mushkudiani N, Perel P, et al. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and international validation of prognostic scores based on admission characteristics. PLOS Med. 2008;5:e165.
go back to reference Stiefel MF, Spiotta A, Gracias VH, et al. Reduced mortality rate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated with brain tissue oxygen monitoring. J Neurosurg. 2005;103:805–11.CrossRefPubMed Stiefel MF, Spiotta A, Gracias VH, et al. Reduced mortality rate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated with brain tissue oxygen monitoring. J Neurosurg. 2005;103:805–11.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Stocchetti N, Maas AI, Chieregato A, Plas AA van der. Hyperventilation in head injury: a review. Chest. 2005;127:1812–27.CrossRefPubMed Stocchetti N, Maas AI, Chieregato A, Plas AA van der. Hyperventilation in head injury: a review. Chest. 2005;127:1812–27.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Teasdale GM, Jenett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness, A practical scale. Lancet. 1974;2:81–4.CrossRefPubMed Teasdale GM, Jenett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness, A practical scale. Lancet. 1974;2:81–4.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tyagi R, Donaldson K, Loftus CM, Jallo J. Hypertonic saline: a clinical review. Neurosurg rev. 2007;30:277–89. Tyagi R, Donaldson K, Loftus CM, Jallo J. Hypertonic saline: a clinical review. Neurosurg rev. 2007;30:277–89.
go back to reference Vajkoczy P, Horn P, Thome C, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow monitoring in the diagnosis of delayed ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:1227–34.CrossRefPubMed Vajkoczy P, Horn P, Thome C, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow monitoring in the diagnosis of delayed ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:1227–34.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Vereniging Spierziekten Nederland. Multidisciplinaire richtlijn Guillain-Barré syndroom. Baarn/Utrecht: VSN/NVN/VRA, 2011. Vereniging Spierziekten Nederland. Multidisciplinaire richtlijn Guillain-Barré syndroom. Baarn/Utrecht: VSN/NVN/VRA, 2011.
go back to reference Vergouwen MD, Vermeulen M, Coert BA, et al. Microthrombosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an additional explanation for delayed cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28:1761–70.CrossRefPubMed Vergouwen MD, Vermeulen M, Coert BA, et al. Microthrombosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an additional explanation for delayed cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28:1761–70.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Volpe JJ. Brain death determination in the newborn. Pediatrics. 1987;80:293–7.PubMed Volpe JJ. Brain death determination in the newborn. Pediatrics. 1987;80:293–7.PubMed
go back to reference Warlow CP, Dennis MS, van Gijn J, et al., eds. Stroke: a practical guide to management. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. Wijdicks EFM. The clinical practice of critical care neurology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998. Warlow CP, Dennis MS, van Gijn J, et al., eds. Stroke: a practical guide to management. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. Wijdicks EFM. The clinical practice of critical care neurology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
go back to reference Wijdicks EF. Clinical scales for comatose patients: the Glasgow Coma Scale in historical context and the new FOUR score. Rev Neurol Dis. 2006;3:109–17.PubMed Wijdicks EF. Clinical scales for comatose patients: the Glasgow Coma Scale in historical context and the new FOUR score. Rev Neurol Dis. 2006;3:109–17.PubMed
go back to reference Wijdicks EFM, Vermeulen M, Haaf JA ten, et al. Volume depletion and natriuresis in patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Ann Neurol. 1985;18:211-6. Wijdicks EF, Bamlet WR, Maramattom BV, McClelland RL. Validation of a new coma scale: the FOUR score. Ann Neurol. 2005;58:585–93.CrossRefPubMed Wijdicks EFM, Vermeulen M, Haaf JA ten, et al. Volume depletion and natriuresis in patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Ann Neurol. 1985;18:211-6. Wijdicks EF, Bamlet WR, Maramattom BV, McClelland RL. Validation of a new coma scale: the FOUR score. Ann Neurol. 2005;58:585–93.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wintermark M, Sesay M, Barbier E, et al. Comparative overview of brain perfusion imaging techniques. J Neuroradiol. 2005;32:294–314.CrossRefPubMed Wintermark M, Sesay M, Barbier E, et al. Comparative overview of brain perfusion imaging techniques. J Neuroradiol. 2005;32:294–314.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wolf CA Wijdicks EFM, Bamlet WR, McClelland RL,. Further validation of the FOUR score coma scale by intensive care nurses. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:435-8.CrossRefPubMed Wolf CA Wijdicks EFM, Bamlet WR, McClelland RL,. Further validation of the FOUR score coma scale by intensive care nurses. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:435-8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wolfe TJ, Torbey MT. Management of intracranial pressure. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9:477–85.CrossRefPubMed Wolfe TJ, Torbey MT. Management of intracranial pressure. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9:477–85.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
12 Het centrale zenuwstelsel
Auteur
A.I.R.P.E. MaasVos
Copyright
2016
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-1434-8_3