Top

29-04-2024 | Original Paper

The Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Questionnaire: Psychometric Characteristics of a Revised Version

Auteurs: Elena Gallitto, Elisa Romano

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies

Abstract

This study describes the development of the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Questionnaire (PDEPQ), which assesses key parental cognitions underlying punitive parental behaviours, namely 1) Approval of Physical Punishment; 2) Approval of Non-Physical Punishment; 3) Subjective Norms; and 4) Parenting Self-Efficacy. In Study 1, two samples (parents, professionals) were recruited to assess the content validity of the four scales, following which a revised version was created. In Study 2, the revised PDEPQ was administered to 400 Canadian parents to examine the factor structure as well its reliability and validity. Results indicated a good factor structure of the scales, but several items were removed to achieve a better fit. Internal consistency of the four scales ranged from acceptable to excellent. Correlations between the scale scores at the two time points were large in magnitude and significant, indicating excellent test-retest reliability. Furthermore, correlations between the PDEPQ scales and measures of similar constructs were significant and in the expected direction, indicating a strong alignment of each scale with its respective construct of interest. In conclusion, findings from these various studies indicate good psychometric properties of the PDEPQ scales, as well as strong evidence of construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.

Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes. In C. M. Murchison (Ed.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 798–844). Winchester, MA: Clark University Press.

Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. Transactions on Automatic Control, 19, 716–723. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705.CrossRef

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2018). What’s the best way to discipline my child? Retrieved from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family-dynamics/communication-discipline/Pages/Disciplining-Your-Child.aspx.

Ateah, C. A., & Durrant, J. E. (2005). Maternal use of corporal punishment in response to child misbehavior: Implications for child abuse prevention. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.10.010.CrossRef

Baker, F. (2001). The basics of item response theory. ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, University of Maryland College Park, MD.

Barnes, C. R., & Adamson‐Macedo, E. N. (2007). Perceived Maternal Parenting Self‐Efficacy (PMP S‐E) tool: development and validation with mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60(5), 550–560. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04445.x.CrossRefPubMed

Bugental, D. B., & Johnston, C. (2000). Parental and child cognitions in the context of the family. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 315–344. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.315.CrossRefPubMed

Cai, L., Thissen, D., & du Toit, S. H. C. (2011). IRTPRO for Windows [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.

Chen, W. H., & Thissen, D. (1997). Local dependence indexes for item pairs using item response theory. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 22, 265–289. https://doi.org/10.2307/1165285.CrossRef

Coleman, P. K., & Karraker, K. H. (2000). Parenting self-efficacy among mothers of school-age children: Conceptualization, measurement, and correlates. Family Relations, 49, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00013.x.CrossRef

Crouch, J. L., Irwin, L. M., Milner, J. S., Skowronski, J. J., Rutledge, E., & Davila, A. L. (2017). Do hostile attributions and negative affect explain the association between authoritarian beliefs and harsh parenting? Child Abuse & Neglect, 67, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.019.CrossRef

De Ayala, R. J. (2013). The theory and practice of item response theory. Guilford Public.

Dadds, M. R., & Tully, L. A. (2019). What is it to discipline a child: What should it be? A reanalysis of time-out from the perspective of child mental health, attachment, and trauma. American Psychologist, 74(7), 794 https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000449.CrossRefPubMed

Durrant, J. E. (2007, 2013). Positive discipline: What it is and how to do it. Save the Children Sweden Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

Durrant, J. E., Plateau, D. P., Ateah, C., Stewart-Tufescu, A., Jones, A., Ly, G., Barker, L., Holden, G., Kearley, C., MacAulay, J., Peters, R. D., & Tapanya, S. (2014). Preventing punitive violence: preliminary data on the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting (PDEP) Program. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 33, 109–125. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-018.CrossRef

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 539–579. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.128.4.539.CrossRefPubMed

Gershoff, E. T., Grogan‐Kaylor, A., Lansford, J. E., Chang, L., Zelli, A., Deater‐Deckard, K., & Dodge, K. A. (2010). Parent discipline practices in an international sample: Associations with child behaviors and moderation by perceived normativeness. Child development, 81(2), 487–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01409.x.

Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. Journal of Family Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191.

Fang, Y., Boelens, M., Windhorst, D. A., Raat, H., & van Grieken, A. (2021). Factors associated with parenting self‐efficacy: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(6), 2641–2661. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14767.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gittins, C. B., & Hunt, C. (2019). Parental behavioural control in adolescence: How does it affect self-esteem and self-criticism? Journal of Adolescence, 73, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.03.004.

Hambleton, R. K., Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H. J. (1991). Fundamentals of item response theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Hamovitch, E. K., Acri, M. C., & Bornheimer, L. A. (2019). An analysis of the relationship between parenting self-efficacy, the quality of parenting, and parental and child emotional health. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(4-5), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2019.1635939.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Holden, G. W., Grogan-Kaylor, A., Durrant, J. E., & Gershoff, E. T. (2017). Researchers deserve a better critique: Response to Larzelere, Gunnoe, Roberts, and Ferguson. Marriage & Family Review, 53(5), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2017.1308899.

Holden, G. W. (2020). Why do parents hit their children? From cultural to unconscious determinants. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 73(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2020.1690858.CrossRef

Holden, G. W., & Buck, M. J. (2002). Parental attitudes toward child rearing. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of Parenting. 2nd ed. (pp. 537–562). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Holden, G. W., Coleman, S. M., & Schmidt, K. L. (1995). Why 3-year-old children get spanked: Parent and child determinants as reported by college-educated mothers. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 431–452. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23087935.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.CrossRef

Hulin, C. L., Drasgow, F., & Parsons, C. K. (1983). Item response theory. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.

Kaminski, J. W., & Claussen, A. H. (2017). Evidence base update for psychosocial treatments for disruptive behaviors in children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46, 477–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1310044.

Khoury-Kassabri, M., Attar-Schwartz, S., & Zur, H. (2014). Understanding the mediating role of corporal punishment in the association between maternal stress, efficacy, co-parenting and children’s adjustment difficulties among Arab mothers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(6), 1073–1082.CrossRef

Knight, R. M., Albright, J., Deling, L., Dore-Stites, D., & Drayton, A. K. (2020). Longitudinal relationship between time-out and child emotional and behavioral functioning. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 41(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000725.CrossRef

Krueger, R. A. (2014). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage publications.

Larzelere, R. E., Gunnoe, M. L., Roberts, M. W., & Ferguson, C. J. (2017). Children and parents deserve better parental discipline research: Critiquing the evidence for exclusively “positive” parenting. Marriage & Family Review, 53(1), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1145613.

Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of item response theory to practical testing problems. Routledge.

Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Joe, H. (2005). Limited-and full-information estimation and goodness-of-fit testing in 2 n contingency tables: A unified framework. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100(471), 1009–1020. https://doi.org/10.1198/016214504000002069.CrossRef

Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Joe, H. (2006). Limited information goodness-of-fit testing in multidimensional contingency tables. Psychometrika, 71(4), 713 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-005-1295-9.CrossRef

Marsteller, J. A., Hsu, Y. J., Chan, K. S., & Lubomski, L. H. (2017). Assessing content validity and user perspectives on the Team Check-up Tool: Expert survey and user focus groups. BMJ Quality & Safety, 26(4), 288–295. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004635.CrossRef

Milner, J. S. (2003). Social information processing in high-risk and physically abusive parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00506-9.CrossRef

Mueller, R. O. (1997). Structural equation modeling: Back to basics. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 4(4), 353–369.

Perron, J. L., Lee, C. M., LaRoche, K. J., Ateah, C., Clément, M. È., & Chan, K. (2014). Child and parent characteristics associated with Canadian parents’ reports of spanking. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 33, 31–45. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-014.CrossRef

Querido, J. G., Bearss, K., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Parent/child interaction therapy. In F. W. Kaslow & T. Patterson (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral approaches (Vol. 2, pp. 91–113). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Reckase, M. D. (1979). Unifactor latent trait models applied to multifactor test: Results and implications. Journal of Educational Statistics, 4, 207–230. https://doi.org/10.2307/1164671.

Reise, S. P., & Henson, J. M. (2003). A discussion of modern versus traditional psychometrics as applied to personality assessment scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA8102_01.CrossRefPubMed

Rodriguez, C. M. (2010). Parent–child aggression: Association with child abuse potential and parenting styles. Violence and Victims, 25(6), 728–741. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.6.728.CrossRefPubMed

Rodriguez, C. M., & Wittig, S. M. (2019). Predicting child problem behavior and maternal/paternal parent-child aggression: identifying early prevention targets. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 60, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2018.11.001.CrossRefPubMed

Rominov, H., Giallo, R., & Whelan, T. A. (2016). Fathers’ postnatal distress, parenting self-efficacy, later parenting behavior, and children’s emotional-behavioral functioning: A longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(8), 907 https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000216.CrossRefPubMed

Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, 34, 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1968.tb00153.x.CrossRef

Sanders, M. R., Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Day, J. J. (2014). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A systematic review and metaanalysis of a multi-level system of parenting support. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 337–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.003.

Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6, 461–464. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2958889.

Snarr, J. D., Slep, A. M. S., & Grande, V. P. (2009). Validation of a new self-report measure of parental attributions. Psychological Assessment, 21, 390–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016331.CrossRefPubMed

Steiger, J. H., & Lind, J. C. (1980). Statistically based tests for numbers of common factors. Iowa City, IA: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society.

Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., & Warren, W. L. (2003). The conflict tactics scales handbook. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

Sturge-Apple, M. L., Li, Z., Martin, M. J., Jones-Gordils, H. R., & Davies, P. T. (2020). Mothers’ and fathers’ self-regulation capacity, dysfunctional attributions and hostile parenting during early adolescence: A process-oriented approach. Development and Psychopathology, 32(1), 229–241.CrossRefPubMed

Vittrup, B., Holden, G. W., & Buck, J. (2006). Attitudes predict the use of physical punishment: A prospective study of the emergence of disciplinary practices. Pediatrics, 117, 2055–2064. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2204.CrossRefPubMed

Webster-Stratton, C. (2001). The incredible years: Parents, teachers, and children training series. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 18, 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1300/J007v18n03_04.

Wittkowski, A., Garrett, C., & Calam, R., et al. (2017). Self-report measures of parental self-efficacy: A systematic review of the current literature. Journal of Child Family Studies, 26, 2960–2978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0830-5.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: The Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Questionnaire: Psychometric Characteristics of a Revised Version
Auteurs: Elena Gallitto
Elisa Romano
Publicatiedatum: 29-04-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02818-x

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen