Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-01-2013 | Original Paper

Stress Among African American Emerging Adults: The Role of Family and Cultural Factors

Auteurs: Kristina Hood, Joshua Brevard, Anh Bao Nguyen, Faye Belgrave

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 1/2013

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of family and cultural variables on stress among African American emerging adults. Data from this study was collected as part of a larger study that examined cultural, family, and contextual factors and smoking among African American youth in 5th, 8th, and 12th grades. Data were collected from high school seniors at the end of their 12th grade year and 6 months post high school. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether racial identity, family cohesion, and parental monitoring influence students’ perceived frequency of stress. Higher levels of racial identity were associated with more perceived stress. There were no significant main effects for either parental monitoring or family cohesion on stress. There were significant interactions between racial identity and parental monitoring and between parental monitoring and family cohesion. Study implications are discussed regarding the importance of stress reduction programs for African American emerging adults and for parents of these adults.

vorige artikel The Influence of Supportive Parenting and Racial Socialization Messages on African American Youth Behavioral Outcomes

volgende artikel Protective Factors for Depression Among African American Children of Predominantly Low-Income Mothers with Depression

Altschul, I., Oyserman, D., & Bybee, D. (2006). Racial-ethnic identity in mid-adolescence: Content and change as predictors of academic achievement. Child Development, 77, 1155–1169.PubMedCrossRef

Alvarado, R., & Kumpfer, K. L. (2000). Strengthening America’s families. Juvenile Justice, 7, 8–18.

Amato, P. R. (2005). The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social, and emotional well-being of the next generation. The Future of Children, 15(2), 75–96.PubMedCrossRef

Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.PubMedCrossRef

Barber, B. K. (1997). Introduction: Adolescent socialization in context: Connection, regulation, and autonomy in multiple contexts. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 173–177.CrossRef

Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4, 1–103.CrossRef

Belgrave, F. Z., & Allison, K. W. (2010). African American psychology: From Africa to America (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Belgrave, F. Z., Brome, D. R., & Hampton, C. (2000a). The role of cultural, intrapersonal, peer, and family variables in the prediction of drug knowledge, attitudes, and use among African American youth. Journal of Black Psychology, 26, 386–401.CrossRef

Belgrave, F. Z., Van Oss Marin, B., & Chambers, D. B. (2000b). Culture, contextual, and intrapersonal predictors of risky sexual attitudes among urban African American girls in early adolescence. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 6, 309–322.PubMedCrossRef

Belgrave, F. Z., Clark, T., & Nasim, A. (2008). Drug use and abuse among African American youth. In H. Neville, B. Tynes, & S. Utsey (Eds.), Handbook of African American psychology (pp. 469–481). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Borawski, E. A., Ievers-Landis, C. E., Lovegreen, L. D., & Trapl, E. S. (2003). Parental monitoring negotiated unsupervised time, and parental trust: The role of perceived parenting practices in adolescent health risk behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 60–70.PubMedCrossRef

Bracey, J. R., Bamaca, M. Y., & Umana-Taylor, A. J. (2004). Examining ethnic identity and self-esteem among biracial and monoracial adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 123–132.CrossRef

Bray, J. H., Adams, G. J., Getz, J. G., & Stovall, T. (2001). Interactive effects of individuation, family factors, and stress on adolescent alcohol use. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71, 436–449.PubMedCrossRef

Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., et al. (2006). The strong African American families program: Prevention of youths’ high-risk behavior and a test of the model of change. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 1–11.PubMedCrossRef

Brown, D. L. (2008). African American resiliency: Examining racial socialization and social support as protective factors. Journal of Black Psychology, 34, 32–48.CrossRef

Burchinal, M., Roberts, J. E., Zeisel, S. A., Hennon, E. A., & Hooper, S. (2006). Social risk and protective child, parenting, and child care factors in early elementary school years. Parenting: Science and Practice, 6, 79–113.CrossRef

Burchinal, M., Roberts, J. E., Zeisel, S. A., & Rowley, S. J. (2008). Social risk and protective factors for African American children’s academic achievement and adjustment during the transition to middle school. Developmental Psychology, 44, 286–292.PubMedCrossRef

Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 110–119.PubMedCrossRef

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.PubMedCrossRef

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396.PubMedCrossRef

Cooper, S. M., Guthrie, B. J., Brown, C., & Metzger, I. (2011). Daily hassles and African American adolescent females’ psychological functioning: The direct and moderating role of gender role orientation. Sex Roles, 65, 397–409.CrossRef

Copeland-Linder, N., Lambert, S. F., Chen, Y. F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2011). Contextual stress and health risk behaviors among African American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 158–173.PubMedCrossRef

Corneille, M., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2007). Ethnic identity, neighborhood risk, and adolescent drug and sex attitudes and refusal efficacy: The urban African American girls’ experience. Journal of Drug Education, 37, 177–190.PubMedCrossRef

DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R., Sionean, C., et al. (2001). Parental monitoring: Association with adolescents risk behaviors. Pediatrics, 107, 1363–1368.PubMedCrossRef

Dillon, F. R., Pantin, H., Robbins, M. S., & Szapocznik, J. (2007). Exploring the role of parental monitoring of peers on the relationship between family functioning and delinquency in the lives of African American and Hispanic adolescents. Crime and Delinquency, 54, 65–94.CrossRef

Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 61–75.PubMedCrossRef

Dishion, T. J., Capaldi, D., Spracklen, K. M., & Li, F. (1995). Peer ecology of male adolescent drug use. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 803–824.CrossRef

Foster, S. E., Jones, D. J., Olson, A. L., Forehand, R., Gaffney, C. A., Zens, M. S., et al. (2007). Family socialization of adolescent’s self-reported cigarette use: The role of parents’ history of regular smoking and parenting style. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32, 481–493.PubMedCrossRef

Gorman-Smith, D., Tolan, P. H., & Henry, D. B. (2000). A developmental-ecological model of the relation of family functioning to patterns of delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 16, 169–198.CrossRef

Gorman-Smith, D., Henry, D. B., & Tolan, P. H. (2004). Exposure to community violence and violence perpetration: The protective effects of family functioning. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 33, 439–449.CrossRef

Greer, T. M., & Brown, P. (2011). Minority status stress and coping processes among African American college students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 4, 26–38.CrossRef

Helms, J. E. (1990). Black and white racial identity: Theory, research, and practice. Westport: Greenwood.

Hetherington, E. M., Bridges, M., & Insabella, G. M. (1998). What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and children’s adjustment. American Psychologist, 53(2), 167–184.PubMedCrossRef

Hill, R. (1999). The strengths of African American families: Twenty-five years later. Lanham: University Press of America.

Hill, N. E., Bromell, L., Tyson, D. F., & Flint, R. (2007). Developmental commentary: Ecological perspectives on parental influences during adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36, 367–377.CrossRef

Li, S. T., Nussbaum, K. M., & Richards, M. H. (2007). Risk and protective factors for urban African-American youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 21–35.PubMedCrossRef

Marsiglia, F. F., Kulis, S., Hecht, M. L., & Sills, S. (2004). Ethnicity and ethnic identity as predictors of drug norms and drug use among pre-adolescents in the Southwest. Substance Use and Misuse, 39, 1061–1094.PubMedCrossRef

Myers, H. F., Alvy, K. T., Arrington, A., Richardson, M. A., Marigna, M., Huff, R., et al. (1992). The impact of a parent training program on inner-city African-American families. Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 132–147.CrossRef

Nash, S. G., McQueen, A., & Bray, J. H. (2005). Pathways to adolescent alcohol use: Family, peer influence, and parental expectations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, 19–28.PubMedCrossRef

Nasim, A., Belgrave, F. Z., Jagers, R., Wilson, K. D., & Owens, K. (2007). The moderating effects of culture on peer deviance and alcohol use among high-risk African American adolescents. Journal of Drug Education, 37, 327–355.CrossRef

Nobles, W. (1991). African philosophy: Foundations of Black psychology. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (3rd ed.). Berkeley: Cobb and Henry.

Olsen, D. H., Portner, J., & Lavee, Y. (1985). FACES III. Family social science. St. Paul: University of Minnesota.

Patock-Peckham, J. A., & Morgan-Lopez, A. A. (2007). College drinking behaviors: Mediational links between parenting styles, parental bonds, depression, and alcohol problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(3), 297–306.PubMedCrossRef

Phinney, J. (1995). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: A review and integration. In A. Padilla (Ed.), Hispanic psychology: Critical issues in theory and research (pp. 57–70). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Sagrestano, L. M., Paikoff, R. L., Holmbeck, G. N., & Fendrich, M. (2003). A longitudinal examination of familial risk factors for depression among inner-city African American adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 108–120.PubMedCrossRef

Sellers, R. M., Rowley, S. A. J., Chavous, T. M., Shelton, J. N., & Smith, M. A. (1997). Multidimensional inventory of black identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 805–815.CrossRef

Sellers, R., Copeland-Linder, N., Martin, P., & Lewis, R. L. (2006). Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African-American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 187–216.CrossRef

Sieverding, J. A., Adler, N., Witt, S., & Ellen, J. (2005). The influence of parental monitoring on adolescent sexual initiation. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 159, 724–729.CrossRef

Silverberg, S. B., & Small, P. A. (1991). Parenting monitoring, family structure and adolescent substance use. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society of Research in Child Developments. Seattle, WA.

Smith, E., Walker, K., Fields, L., Brookins, C., & Seay, R. (1999). Ethnic identity and its relationship to self esteem, perceived efficacy and prosocial attitudes in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 867–880.PubMedCrossRef

Stanard, P., Belgrave, F. Z., Corneille, M. A., Wilson, K. D., & Owens, K. (2010). Promoting academic achievement: The role of peers and family in the academic engagement of African American adolescents. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 38, 198–212.PubMedCrossRef

Stevens-Watkins, D., Brown-Wright, L., & Tyler, K. (2011). Brief report: The number of sexual partners and race related stress in African American adolescents: Preliminary findings. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 191–194.PubMedCrossRef

Street, J., Harris-Britt, A., & Walker-Barnes, C. (2009). Examining relationships between ethnic identity, family environment, and psychological outcomes for African American adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 412–420.CrossRef

Townsend, T. G., & Lanphier, E. R. (2007). Family influences on racial identity among African American youth. Journal of Black Psychology, 33, 278–298.CrossRef

Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 200–208.PubMedCrossRef

Wilson, C. M. (2009). The relation among parental factors and achievement of African American urban youth. Journal of Negro Education, 78, 102–113.

Zamboanga, B. L., Raffaelli, M., & Horton, N. J. (2006). Acculturation status and heavy alcohol use among Mexican American college students: Investigating the moderating role of gender. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 2188–2198.PubMedCrossRef

Zamboanga, B. L., Schwartz, S. J., Jarvis, L. H., & Van Tyne, K. (2009). Acculturation and substance use among hispanic early adolescents: Investigating the mediating roles of acculturative stress and self-esteem. Journal of Primary Prevention, 30, 315–333.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Stress Among African American Emerging Adults: The Role of Family and Cultural Factors
Auteurs: Kristina Hood
Joshua Brevard
Anh Bao Nguyen
Faye Belgrave
Publicatiedatum: 01-01-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9639-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2013

Understanding the Behavioral Determinants of Mental Health Service Use by Urban, Under-Resourced Black Youth: Adolescent and Caregiver Perspectives

Racial Discrimination and African American Adolescents’ Adjustment: Gender Variation in Family and Community Social Support, Promotive and Protective Factors

Relationship Between Religiosity and Conduct Problems Among African American and Caucasian Adolescents

Predictors of Therapist Adherence and Emotional Bond in Multisystemic Therapy: Testing Ethnicity as a Moderator

African American Youth Mental Health: Individual, Environmental and Clinical Factors in Context

Adverse Life Events, Coping and Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Urban African American Youth