Top

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Gepubliceerd in:

19-11-2020 | Brief Report

The Role of Facial Appearance Concern and Appraisal Perspective in the Experience of Task-Irrelevant Intrusions

Auteurs: Laura Dondzilo, Ben Grafton, Colin MacLeod

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2021

Abstract

Background

The current study experimentally tested the hypothesis that elevated facial appearance concern is characterised by an elevated tendency to experience task-irrelevant intrusions (i.e., intrusions which serve to interfere with task performance) concerning an appearance-related event. Additionally, the study examined potentially interactive roles of facial concerns and the appraisal perspective adopted during this appearance-related event.

Methods

Sixty-six females, reporting either low or high facial concerns, were exposed to a standardised appearance-related event, which involved a photoshoot and the subsequent appraisal of the resulting photographs. Participants were induced to appraise these photographs from the perspective of either self or other. Following this, participants completed a task designed to assess subsequent task-irrelevant intrusions about the appearance-related event.

Results

Results revealed that high facial concern participants experienced both a greater frequency of, and more distressing, task-irrelevant intrusions about the appearance-related event than did their low facial concern counterparts. These group differences in task-irrelevant intrusions were equally evident, regardless of initial appraisal perspective.

Conclusions

The current findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated facial appearance concerns are underpinned by highly frequent and distressing task-irrelevant intrusions about past appearance-related experiences.

vorige artikel The Relative Impact of Cognitive and Behavioral Skill Comprehension and Use During CBT for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

volgende artikel Attention Deployment to the Eye Region of Emotional Faces among Adolescents with and without Social Anxiety Disorder

Participants were not screened for clinically diagnosable BDD or eating disorders.

Contrasting individuals on the basis of extreme scores (e.g., top and bottom third) is a widely used convention in psychological research and this approach is particularly well-suited for use in small samples (Preacher et al. 2005).

A post-hoc sensitivity power analysis revealed that our sample was sufficient to detect medium-large main effects and interaction effects.

Prior studies employing photoshoot procedures have not specified photoshoot poses. Therefore, the present approach might be useful for future researchers seeking to establish photographic sets with the intention of ensuring diversity of appearance across photographs.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Publishing.CrossRef

Borkovec, T. D., Robinson, E., Pruzinsky, T., & DePree, J. A. (1983). Preliminary exploration of worry: some characteristics and processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(83)90121-3.CrossRefPubMed

Buhlmann, U., Etcoff, N. L., & Wilhelm, S. (2006). Emotion recognition bias for contempt and anger in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.03.006.CrossRefPubMed

Buhlmann, U., Glaesmer, H., Mewes, R., Fama, J. M., Wilhelm, S., Brähler, E., & Rief, W. (2010). Updates on the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: a population-based survey. Psychiatry Research, 178(1), 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.05.002.CrossRefPubMed

Clark, D. A. (2005). Intrusive thoughts in clinical disorders: theory, research, and treatment. New York: The Guilford Press.

Fang, A., & Wilhelm, S. (2015). Clinical features, cognitive biases, and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11(1), 187–212. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112849.CrossRefPubMed

Giraldo-O’Meara, M., & Belloch, A. (2018). Escalation from normal appearance related intrusive cognitions to clinical preoccupations in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 265, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.047.CrossRefPubMed

Giraldo-O’Meara, M., & Belloch, A. (2019). The appearance intrusions questionnaire: a self-report questionnaire to assess the universality and intrusiveness of preoccupations about appearance defects. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35(3), 423–435. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000406.CrossRef

Hayes, S., Hirsch, C. R., Krebs, G., & Mathews, A. (2010). The effects of modifying interpretation bias on worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(3), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.10.006.CrossRefPubMed

Hur, J., Gaul, K., & Berenbaum, H. (2019). Different patterns of attention bias in worry and rumination. Cognitive Therapy and Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-09993-4.CrossRef

Ly, M., Misener, K., & Libben, M. (2019). Validation of the translated Negative Physical Self Scale in a female North American sample: preliminary examination. Eating Behaviors, 34(July), 101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101314.CrossRefPubMed

Murray, S., Krasich, K., Schooler, J. W., & Seli, P. (2020). What’s in a task? Complications in the study of the task-unrelated-thought variety of mind wandering. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(3), 572–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619897966.CrossRefPubMed

Onden-Lim, M., & Grisham, J. R. (2012). The relationship between body dysmorphic concerns and the effects of image suppression: implications for models of body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(3), 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.05.001.CrossRef

Osman, S., Cooper, M., Hackmann, A., & Veale, D. (2004). Spontaneously occurring images and early memories in people with body dysmorphic disorder. Memory, 12(4), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000043.CrossRefPubMed

Pascual-Vera, B., Akin, B., Belloch, A., Bottesi, G., Clark, D. A., Doron, G., & Sica, C. (2019). The cross-cultural and transdiagnostic nature of unwanted mental intrusions. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.02.005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., Fay, C., & Weisberg, R. (2005). Demographic characteristics, phenomenology, comorbidity, and family history in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics, 46(4), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.46.4.317.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Preacher, K. J., MacCallum, R. C., Rucker, D. D., & Nicewander, W. A. (2005). Use of the extreme groups approach: a critical reexamination and new recommendations. Psychological Methods. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.10.2.178.CrossRefPubMed

Schneider, S. C., Turner, C. M., Mond, J., & Hudson, J. L. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(6), 595–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867416665483.CrossRef

Veale, D. (2004). Advances in a cognitive behavioural model of body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 1(1), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00009-3.CrossRefPubMed

Wilhelm, S., Phillips, K. A., & Steketee, G. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A treatment manual. New York: Guilford Press.

Titel: The Role of Facial Appearance Concern and Appraisal Perspective in the Experience of Task-Irrelevant Intrusions
Auteurs: Laura Dondzilo
Ben Grafton
Colin MacLeod
Publicatiedatum: 19-11-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10179-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2021

Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment and Prevention of Depression: A Fifty-Year Retrospective with an Evolutionary Coda

Couples’ Diminished Social and Financial Capital Exacerbate the Association Between Maladaptive Attributions and Relationship Satisfaction

The Future of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The Impact of Moral-Based Appraisals on Psychological Outcomes in Response to Analogue Trauma: An Experimental Paradigm of Moral Injury

Attention Deployment to the Eye Region of Emotional Faces among Adolescents with and without Social Anxiety Disorder

Bodily Maps of Emotion in Major Depressive Disorder