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2012 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

15. Lage energie laser en de behandeling van orale mucositis

Auteur : Drs. R. G. E. C. Cauwels

Gepubliceerd in: Het Tandheelkundig Jaar 2012

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Abstract

Orale mucositis is een ernstige en gevreesde bijwerking van chemo- en/of radiotherapie met significante klinische gevolgen. Bij deze aantasting van de mucosa kan het gehele gastro-intestinale stelsel betrokken raken. De prevalentie van orale mucositis ten gevolge van chemotherapie schommelt bij kinderen tussen 52 en 80% (Kühn et al., 2009). Sonis et al. (2001) toonden aan dat toename van de ernst van orale mucositis gepaard gaat met toenemende koorts, verhoogd risico op infectie, volledige afhankelijkheid van parenterale voeding en noodzaak van intraveneuze narcotische pijnstilling met verhoogde kans op mortaliteit binnen de eerste honderd dagen. Het is ook niet onbelangrijk te vermelden dat de ernst van orale mucositis eveneens aan de basis kan liggen van een dosislimiterend effect en zelfs kan leiden tot een onderbreking van de oncologische behandeling (Schubert et al., 2007). Orale mucositis manifesteert zich in de vorm van ulceraties op niet-gekeratiniseerde mucosa, bij voorkeur aan de tongrand, de mondbodem en de wangmucosa. Klinische symptomen volgen in een periode van vijf tot zeven dagen na het starten van chemotherapie. Spontane genezing treedt op tussen negen en veertien dagen na het optreden van de eerste klinische klachten. Eerst verschijnt er erytheem dat zich progressief omvormt tot ulceraties bedekt met een pseudomembraan (Sonis, 2007). Belangrijke factoren die een rol spelen bij het ontwikkelen van orale mucositis zijn het type chemotherapie, het soort maligniteit, de leeftijd van de patiënt, het aantal neutrofiele granulocyten, maar ook de basismondzorg (Kühn et al., 2009). Men heeft aangetoond dat een goede orale hygiëne veel invloed heeft, vooral op het verloop van deze pathologie (Chen et al., 2004; McGuire et al., 2006). Een scala aan preventieve en/of therapeutische middelen voor de aanpak van orale mucositis, zoals lokale anesthetica, cryotherapie, antibiotica, ontstekingsremmers, groeifactoren en mucosabeschermende gels, blijken tot op heden willekeurig gebruikt. Recent werd palifermine ontwikkeld, op basis van een humane keratinocyt groeifactor KGF-1, met bevredigend resultaat. Er is een significante daling te zien van de ernst en duur van orale mucositis. Ondanks deze positieve resultaten signaleerden Schubert et al. (2007) dat 63% van de patiënten een ernstige vorm van orale mucositis ontwikkelde, ondanks de ondersteuning met palifermin. Meer recent werd de low level laser therapie (LLLT), of lage energie laser, nuttig bevonden in de bestrijding en behandeling van orale mucositis. Deze behandeling wordt zeer aangeprezen en is in de richtlijnen van de Multinational Associaton of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society for Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) opgenomen als een waardevolle behandelingsoptie (Keefe et al., 2007).
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Metagegevens
Titel
Lage energie laser en de behandeling van orale mucositis
Auteur
Drs. R. G. E. C. Cauwels
Copyright
2012
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8935-3_15