Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 12/2023

17-05-2022 | Brief Report

Brief Report: Gender-Based Stereotypical Roles of Parents Caring for Autistic Children in Nigeria and South Africa

Auteurs: Olumuyiwa Adekunle Kehinde, Olivia J. Lindly, Berrington Ntombela, Caroll Hermann

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 12/2023

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

In Nigeria and South Africa, women often have less voice and are less visible given cultural norms and related gender stereotypes. It is important to understand parents’ gender roles in the context of caregiving for children with autism spectrum disorder because inequality in caregiving roles may influence the health of children with autism and that of their parents. We explored the lived caregiving experiences of male and female parents with autistic children in Nigeria (n = 15) and South Africa (n = 10) using structured and unstructured questionnaire. Results showed that women often experienced stress in relationship to multiple and substantial caregiving roles while men commonly limited their caregiving roles based on a patriarchal ideology related to their culture.
Literatuur
go back to reference Abbeduto, L., Seltzer, M. M., Shattuck, P., Krauss, M. W., Orsmond, G., & Murphy, M. M. (2004). Psychological well-being and coping in mothers of youths with autism, Down syndrome, or fragile X syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(3), 237–254.PubMedCrossRef Abbeduto, L., Seltzer, M. M., Shattuck, P., Krauss, M. W., Orsmond, G., & Murphy, M. M. (2004). Psychological well-being and coping in mothers of youths with autism, Down syndrome, or fragile X syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(3), 237–254.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., revised). APA. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., revised). APA.
go back to reference Bakare, M. O., & Munir, K. M. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders in Africa. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 183–194). InTech Publishers. Bakare, M. O., & Munir, K. M. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders in Africa. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 183–194). InTech Publishers.
go back to reference Bakér-Ericzen, M. J., Brookman-Frazee, L., & Stahmer, L. (2005). Stress levels and adaptability in parents of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorders. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 30(4), 194–204.CrossRef Bakér-Ericzen, M. J., Brookman-Frazee, L., & Stahmer, L. (2005). Stress levels and adaptability in parents of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorders. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 30(4), 194–204.CrossRef
go back to reference Bishop, D. V., Maybery, M., Maley, A., Wong, D., Hill, W., & Hallmayer, J. (2004). Using self-report to identify the broad phenotype in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders: A study using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1431–1436.PubMed Bishop, D. V., Maybery, M., Maley, A., Wong, D., Hill, W., & Hallmayer, J. (2004). Using self-report to identify the broad phenotype in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders: A study using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1431–1436.PubMed
go back to reference Bolte, S., Knecht, S., & Poustka, F. (2007). A case–control study of personality style and psychopathology in parents of subjects with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(2), 243–250.PubMedCrossRef Bolte, S., Knecht, S., & Poustka, F. (2007). A case–control study of personality style and psychopathology in parents of subjects with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(2), 243–250.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Briskman, J., Happe, F., & Frith, U. (2001). Exploring the cognitive phenotype of autism: Weak central coherence in parents and siblings of children with autism: II. Real-life skills and preferences. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(3), 309–316.PubMedCrossRef Briskman, J., Happe, F., & Frith, U. (2001). Exploring the cognitive phenotype of autism: Weak central coherence in parents and siblings of children with autism: II. Real-life skills and preferences. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(3), 309–316.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cardwell, M. (1996). Dictionary of psychology. Fitzroy Dearborn. Cardwell, M. (1996). Dictionary of psychology. Fitzroy Dearborn.
go back to reference Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of subthreshold autistic traits in the general population. Biological Psychiatry, 57(6), 655–660.PubMedCrossRef Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2005). Intergenerational transmission of subthreshold autistic traits in the general population. Biological Psychiatry, 57(6), 655–660.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dawson, G., Estes, A., Munson, J., Schellenberg, G., Bernier, R., & Abbott, R. (2007). Quantitative assessment of autism symptom-related traits in probands and parents: Broader Phenotype Autism Symptom Scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(3), 523–536.PubMedCrossRef Dawson, G., Estes, A., Munson, J., Schellenberg, G., Bernier, R., & Abbott, R. (2007). Quantitative assessment of autism symptom-related traits in probands and parents: Broader Phenotype Autism Symptom Scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(3), 523–536.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dickerson, A. S., Pearson, D. A., Loveland, K. A., Rahbar, M. H., & Filipek, P. A. (2014). Disorder probands. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 58(4), 348–352. Dickerson, A. S., Pearson, D. A., Loveland, K. A., Rahbar, M. H., & Filipek, P. A. (2014). Disorder probands. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 58(4), 348–352.
go back to reference Ellerbe, C. Z., Jones, J. B., & Carlson, M. J. (2018). Race/ethnic differences in nonresident fathers’ involvement after a nonmarital birth. Social Science Quarterly, 99(3), 1158–1182.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ellerbe, C. Z., Jones, J. B., & Carlson, M. J. (2018). Race/ethnic differences in nonresident fathers’ involvement after a nonmarital birth. Social Science Quarterly, 99(3), 1158–1182.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Fons, J. R., & van de Vijver. (2007). Cultural and gender differences in gender-role beliefs, sharing household task and child-care responsibilities, and well-being among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands. Sex Roles, 57, 813–824.CrossRef Fons, J. R., & van de Vijver. (2007). Cultural and gender differences in gender-role beliefs, sharing household task and child-care responsibilities, and well-being among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands. Sex Roles, 57, 813–824.CrossRef
go back to reference Georgas, J., Berry, J. W., Van de Vijver, F. J. R., Kagitçibasi, C., & Poortinga, Y. H. (2006). Families across cultures: A 30-nation psychological study. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Georgas, J., Berry, J. W., Van de Vijver, F. J. R., Kagitçibasi, C., & Poortinga, Y. H. (2006). Families across cultures: A 30-nation psychological study. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Gray, D. E. (2002). Ten years on: A longitudinal study of families of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 27(3), 215–222.CrossRef Gray, D. E. (2002). Ten years on: A longitudinal study of families of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 27(3), 215–222.CrossRef
go back to reference Gupta, V. B. (2007). Comparison of parenting stress in different developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 19(4), 417–425.CrossRef Gupta, V. B. (2007). Comparison of parenting stress in different developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 19(4), 417–425.CrossRef
go back to reference Hastings, R. P. (2003). Child behavior problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4/5), 231–237.PubMedCrossRef Hastings, R. P. (2003). Child behavior problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4/5), 231–237.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hodapp, R. M., Ricci, L. A., Ly, T. M., & Fidler, D. J. (2003). The effects of the child with Down syndrome on maternal stress. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 137–151.CrossRef Hodapp, R. M., Ricci, L. A., Ly, T. M., & Fidler, D. J. (2003). The effects of the child with Down syndrome on maternal stress. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 137–151.CrossRef
go back to reference Holborn, L., & Eddy, G. (2011). First steps to healing the South African family. South African Institute of Race Relations. Holborn, L., & Eddy, G. (2011). First steps to healing the South African family. South African Institute of Race Relations.
go back to reference Johnson, C., Hessl, D., Blasey, C., Eliez, S., Erba, H., Dyer-Friedman, J., Glaser, B., & Reiss, A. L. (2003). Factors associated with parenting stress in mothers of children with fragile X syndrome. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 24(4), 267–275.CrossRef Johnson, C., Hessl, D., Blasey, C., Eliez, S., Erba, H., Dyer-Friedman, J., Glaser, B., & Reiss, A. L. (2003). Factors associated with parenting stress in mothers of children with fragile X syndrome. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 24(4), 267–275.CrossRef
go back to reference Kano, Y., Ohta, M., Nagai, Y., Pauls, D. L., & Leckman, J. F. (2004). Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in parents of Tourette syndrome probands and autism spectrum: Role of parental occupation in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and severity. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8, 997–1007. Kano, Y., Ohta, M., Nagai, Y., Pauls, D. L., & Leckman, J. F. (2004). Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in parents of Tourette syndrome probands and autism spectrum: Role of parental occupation in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and severity. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8, 997–1007.
go back to reference Khanna, R., Madhavan, S. S., Smith, M. J., Patrick, J. H., Tworek, C., & Becker-Cottrill, B. (2011). Assessment of health-related quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(9), 1214–1227.PubMedCrossRef Khanna, R., Madhavan, S. S., Smith, M. J., Patrick, J. H., Tworek, C., & Becker-Cottrill, B. (2011). Assessment of health-related quality of life among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(9), 1214–1227.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Khunou, G. (2006). Fathers don’t stand a chance: Experience of custody, access and maintenance. In L. Richter & R. Morrell (Eds.), Baba: Men and fatherhood in South Africa (pp. 265–276). HSRC Press. Khunou, G. (2006). Fathers don’t stand a chance: Experience of custody, access and maintenance. In L. Richter & R. Morrell (Eds.), Baba: Men and fatherhood in South Africa (pp. 265–276). HSRC Press.
go back to reference Knussen, C., & Sloper, P. (1992). Stress in families of children with disability: A review of risk and resistance factors. Journal of Mental Health, 1(3), 241–256.CrossRef Knussen, C., & Sloper, P. (1992). Stress in families of children with disability: A review of risk and resistance factors. Journal of Mental Health, 1(3), 241–256.CrossRef
go back to reference Kuhlthau, K., Kahn, R., Hill, K. S., Gnanasekaran, S., & Ettner, S. L. (2010). The well-being of parental caregivers of children with activity limitations. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 14(2), 155–163.PubMedCrossRef Kuhlthau, K., Kahn, R., Hill, K. S., Gnanasekaran, S., & Ettner, S. L. (2010). The well-being of parental caregivers of children with activity limitations. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 14(2), 155–163.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Makama, G. A. (2013). Patriarchy and gender inequality in Nigeria: The way forward. European Scientific Journal, 9, 1857–7881. Makama, G. A. (2013). Patriarchy and gender inequality in Nigeria: The way forward. European Scientific Journal, 9, 1857–7881.
go back to reference Mendez, K., Levy, K. M., Nelms, M., Hoff, D., Novak, J. M., & Levy, M. L. (2011). Cross cultural variation in the neurodevelopmental assessment of children—The cultural and neurological to 2nd language acquisition and children with autism. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 147–166). InTech Publishers. Mendez, K., Levy, K. M., Nelms, M., Hoff, D., Novak, J. M., & Levy, M. L. (2011). Cross cultural variation in the neurodevelopmental assessment of children—The cultural and neurological to 2nd language acquisition and children with autism. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 147–166). InTech Publishers.
go back to reference Moes, D., Koegel, R. L., Schreibman, L., & Loos, L. M. (1992). Stress profiles for mothers and fathers of children with autism. Psychological Reports, 71(3), 1272–1274.PubMedCrossRef Moes, D., Koegel, R. L., Schreibman, L., & Loos, L. M. (1992). Stress profiles for mothers and fathers of children with autism. Psychological Reports, 71(3), 1272–1274.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mohammadi, M.-R., Salmanian, M., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders in Iran. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 167–182). InTech Publishers.CrossRef Mohammadi, M.-R., Salmanian, M., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders in Iran. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 167–182). InTech Publishers.CrossRef
go back to reference Pisula, E. (2007). A comparative study of stress profiles in mothers of children with autism and those of children with Down’s syndrome. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(3), 274–278.CrossRef Pisula, E. (2007). A comparative study of stress profiles in mothers of children with autism and those of children with Down’s syndrome. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(3), 274–278.CrossRef
go back to reference Pisula, E. (2011). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 88–106). InTech Publishers. Pisula, E. (2011). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders. In M.-R. Mohammadi (Ed.), A comprehensive book on autism spectrum disorders (pp. 88–106). InTech Publishers.
go back to reference Posel, D., & Devey, R. (2006). The demographics of fatherhood in South Africa: An analysis of survey data, 1993–2002. In L. Richter & R. Morrell (Eds.), Baba: Men and fatherhood in South Africa (pp. 38–52). HSRC Press. Posel, D., & Devey, R. (2006). The demographics of fatherhood in South Africa: An analysis of survey data, 1993–2002. In L. Richter & R. Morrell (Eds.), Baba: Men and fatherhood in South Africa (pp. 38–52). HSRC Press.
go back to reference Richter, L., & Dawes, A. (2008). Child abuse in South Africa: Rights and wrongs. Child Abuse Review, 17, 79–93.CrossRef Richter, L., & Dawes, A. (2008). Child abuse in South Africa: Rights and wrongs. Child Abuse Review, 17, 79–93.CrossRef
go back to reference Richter, L., & Panday, S. (2006). Youth conceptions of the transition to adulthood in South Africa: Barriers and opportunities. Sexuality in Africa, 2006(3), 1–4. Richter, L., & Panday, S. (2006). Youth conceptions of the transition to adulthood in South Africa: Barriers and opportunities. Sexuality in Africa, 2006(3), 1–4.
go back to reference Salaam, T. (2003). A brief analysis on the situation of women in Nigeria today. DSM. Salaam, T. (2003). A brief analysis on the situation of women in Nigeria today. DSM.
go back to reference Sasson, N. J., Lam, K. S., Parlier, M., Daniels, J. L., & Piven, J. (2013). Autism and the broad autism phenotype: Familial patterns and intergenerational transmission. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5(1), 11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sasson, N. J., Lam, K. S., Parlier, M., Daniels, J. L., & Piven, J. (2013). Autism and the broad autism phenotype: Familial patterns and intergenerational transmission. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5(1), 11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Sathiparsad, R., Taylor, M., & Siyabonga Dlamini, S. (2008). Patriarchy and family life: Alternative views of male youth in rural South Africa. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 76, 4–16. Sathiparsad, R., Taylor, M., & Siyabonga Dlamini, S. (2008). Patriarchy and family life: Alternative views of male youth in rural South Africa. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 76, 4–16.
go back to reference Schieve, L. A., Blumberg, S. J., Rice, C., Visser, S. N., & Boyle, C. (2007). The relationship between autism and parenting stress. Pediatrics, 119 Suppl.(1), 114–121.CrossRef Schieve, L. A., Blumberg, S. J., Rice, C., Visser, S. N., & Boyle, C. (2007). The relationship between autism and parenting stress. Pediatrics, 119 Suppl.(1), 114–121.CrossRef
go back to reference Smith, T. B., Oliver, M. N. I., & Innocenti, M. S. (2001). Parenting stress in families of children with disabilities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(2), 257–261.PubMedCrossRef Smith, T. B., Oliver, M. N. I., & Innocenti, M. S. (2001). Parenting stress in families of children with disabilities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(2), 257–261.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference StatsSA. (2010). Social profile of South Africa, 2002–2009. StatsSA. StatsSA. (2010). Social profile of South Africa, 2002–2009. StatsSA.
go back to reference Tehee, E., Honan, R., & Hevey, D. (2009). Factors contributing to stress in parents of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), 34–42.CrossRef Tehee, E., Honan, R., & Hevey, D. (2009). Factors contributing to stress in parents of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), 34–42.CrossRef
go back to reference Tomanik, S., Harris, G. E., & Hawkins, J. (2004). The relationship between behaviors exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 29(1), 16–26.CrossRef Tomanik, S., Harris, G. E., & Hawkins, J. (2004). The relationship between behaviors exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 29(1), 16–26.CrossRef
go back to reference Toseeb, U., Gibson, J. L., Newbury, D. F., Orlik, W., Durkin, K., Pickles, A., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2020). Play and prosociality are associated with fewer externalising problems in children with developmental language disorder: The role of early language and communication environment. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12541CrossRefPubMed Toseeb, U., Gibson, J. L., Newbury, D. F., Orlik, W., Durkin, K., Pickles, A., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2020). Play and prosociality are associated with fewer externalising problems in children with developmental language disorder: The role of early language and communication environment. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​1460-6984.​12541CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Webster, R. I., Majnemer, A., Platt, R. W., & Shevell, M. I. (2008). Child health and parental stress in school-age children with a preschool diagnosis of developmental delay. Journal of Child Neurology, 23(1), 32–38.PubMedCrossRef Webster, R. I., Majnemer, A., Platt, R. W., & Shevell, M. I. (2008). Child health and parental stress in school-age children with a preschool diagnosis of developmental delay. Journal of Child Neurology, 23(1), 32–38.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism and children with mental retardation. Autism, 6(1), 115–130.PubMedCrossRef Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism and children with mental retardation. Autism, 6(1), 115–130.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference White, N., & Hastings, R. P. (2004). Social and professional support for parents of adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(3), 181–190.CrossRef White, N., & Hastings, R. P. (2004). Social and professional support for parents of adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(3), 181–190.CrossRef
go back to reference Wodak, R. (2006). Mediation between discourse and society: Assessing cognitive approaches in CDA. Discourse Studies, 8(1), 179–190.CrossRef Wodak, R. (2006). Mediation between discourse and society: Assessing cognitive approaches in CDA. Discourse Studies, 8(1), 179–190.CrossRef
go back to reference Yamada, A., Suzuki, M., Kato, M., Suzuki, M., Tanaka, S., Shindo, T., Taketani, K., Akechi, T., & Furukawa, T. (2007). Emotional distress and its correlates among parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 61(6), 651–657.CrossRef Yamada, A., Suzuki, M., Kato, M., Suzuki, M., Tanaka, S., Shindo, T., Taketani, K., Akechi, T., & Furukawa, T. (2007). Emotional distress and its correlates among parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 61(6), 651–657.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Brief Report: Gender-Based Stereotypical Roles of Parents Caring for Autistic Children in Nigeria and South Africa
Auteurs
Olumuyiwa Adekunle Kehinde
Olivia J. Lindly
Berrington Ntombela
Caroll Hermann
Publicatiedatum
17-05-2022
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 12/2023
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05582-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2023

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 12/2023 Naar de uitgave