Top

Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

Gepubliceerd in:

26-10-2022

Beliefs About Aggression as Mediators of Relations Between Community Violence Exposure and Aggressive Behavior Among Adolescents: Review and Recommendations

Auteur: Sarah K. Pittman

Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review | Uitgave 1/2023

Abstract

Adolescents who are exposed to community violence are at risk for a number of adverse consequences that can persist into adulthood. Community violence exposure has consistently been associated with subsequent aggressive behavior, and beliefs or norms about aggression are one potential mechanism underlying this relation. The goal of this review was to examine and synthesize the literature regarding beliefs about aggression as a mediator of relations between community violence exposure and aggressive behavior among adolescents. A systematic search of the literature identified 10 studies that met inclusion criteria. Findings across studies generally supported the notion that beliefs about aggression mediate relations between community violence exposure and aggressive behavior. However, studies varied considerably in their design and analytic approach which limited conclusions that can be drawn. Because studies were similar in their limitations, several themes were identified and described qualitatively: inappropriate design to examine mediation (i.e., failure to establish temporal precedence of variables); examining a unidimensional construct of general beliefs about aggression; and lack of examining potential differences across subgroups, particularly across sex. Recommendations for future research that will bolster the evidence include drawing on advances in data analytic techniques, investigating multiple aspects of beliefs about aggression, examining differences in mediated effects across subgroups, and investigating beliefs as mechanisms of change in intervention studies. Implications for violence prevention efforts are discussed.

vorige artikel A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Process Factors in Mental Health Treatment for Autistic Youth

volgende artikel Finding a Needed Diagnostic Home for Children with Impulsive Aggression

It is important to note that resampling techniques were likely not well known prior to MacKinnon’s (2008) recommendations, and other approaches, such as the Barron and Kenny approach, were more standard prior. Only five studies identified in this review were published after the publication of MacKinnon’s recommendations.

Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.xCrossRef

Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364CrossRef

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173CrossRef

Boxer, P., & Dubow, E. F. (2001). A social-cognitive information-processing model for school-based aggression reduction and prevention programs: Issues for research and practice. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 10(3), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(01)80013-5CrossRef

Boxer, P., Morris, A. S., Terranova, A. M., Kithakye, M., Savoy, S. C., & McFaul, A. F. (2008). Coping with exposure to violence: Relations to emotional symptoms and aggression in three urban samples. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17(6), 881–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9196-zCrossRef

Bradshaw, C. P., & Garbarino, J. (2004). Social cognition as a mediator of the influence of family and community violence on adolescent development: Implications for intervention. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1036(1), 85–105. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1330.005CrossRef

Chaux, E., Arboleda, J., & Rincón, C. (2012). Community violence and reactive and proactive aggression: The mediating role of cognitive and emotional variables. Revista Colombiana De Psicología, 21(2), 233–251.

Chen, P., Voisin, D. R., Marotta, P. L., & Jacobson, K. C. (2020). Racial and ethnic comparison of ecological risk factors and youth outcomes: A test of the desensitization hypothesis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(10), 2722–2733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01772-8CrossRef

*Cooper, C. J. (2005). Believing in aggression: Exploring the effects of exposure to community violence and normative beliefs about aggression in children of color (Publication No. 3165908) [Doctoral dissertation, Loyola University Chicago]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://search.proquest.com/openview/32044e6da66454469ed433012d65a750/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74CrossRef

Dusing, C. R., DiClemente, C. M., Miller, K. M., Onyeka, C., Murphy, B. N., Richards, M. H., & Moore, A. (2018). Aggression among high-risk African American young adolescents: Impact of relational proximity to perpetrators of violence. Psychology of Violence, 9(6), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000220CrossRef

Farrell, A. D., Bettencourt, A., Mays, S., Kramer, A., Sullivan, T., & Kliewer, W. (2012). Patterns of Adolescents’ Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relation to Behavior and Risk Factors for Aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(5), 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9609-0CrossRef

Farrell, A. D., Bettencourt, A. F., & Mehari, K. R. (2019). Beliefs about fighting and their relations to urban adolescents’ frequency of aggression and victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(6), 785–813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618791297CrossRef

Farrell, A. D., Pittman, S., Bettencourt, A. F., Mehari, K. R., Dunn, C., & Sullivan, T. N. (2022). Beliefs as mediators of relations between exposure to violence and physical aggression during early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 42(3), 297–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316211036747CrossRef

Farrell, A. D., & Sullivan, T. N. (2004). Impact of witnessing violence on growth curves for problem behaviors among early adolescents in urban and rural settings. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(5), 505–525. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20016CrossRef

Farrell, A. D., Thompson, E. L., Curran, P. J., & Sullivan, T. N. (2020). Bidirectional relations between witnessing violence, victimization, life events, and physical aggression among adolescents in urban schools. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(6), 1309–1327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01204-2CrossRef

Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8), 746. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676CrossRef

Foster, H., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2009). Toward a stress process model of children’s exposure to physical family and community violence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12(2), 71–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0049-0CrossRef

Fowler, P. J., Tompsett, C. J., Braciszewski, J. M., Jacques-Tiura, A. J., & Baltes, B. B. (2009). Community violence: A meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 21(1), 227–259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000145CrossRef

Gaylord-Harden, N. K., So, S., Bai, G. J., & Tolan, P. H. (2017a). Examining the effects of emotional and cognitive desensitization to community violence exposure in male adolescents of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 87(4), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000241CrossRef

Gaylord-Harden, N. K., Bai, G. J., & Simic, D. (2017b). Examining a Dual-Process Model of Desensitization and Hypersensitization to Community Violence in African American Male Adolescents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(5), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22220CrossRef

Guerra, N. G., Huesmann, L. R., & Spindler, A. (2003). Community violence exposure, social cognition, and aggression among urban elementary school children. Child Development, 74(5), 1561–1576. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00623CrossRef

Huesmann, L. R., & Guerra, N. G. (1997). Children’s normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 408–419. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.408CrossRef

Huesmann, L. R. (1998). The role of social information processing and cognitive schema in the acquisition and maintenance of habitual aggressive behavior. In R. G. Geen & E. Donnerstein (Eds.), Human Aggression (pp. 73–109). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012278805-5/50005-5CrossRef

Kennedy, T. M., & Ceballo, R. (2016). Emotionally numb: Desensitization to community violence exposure among urban youth. Developmental Psychology, 52(5), 778–789. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000112CrossRef

Lim, S. H., & Ang, R. P. (2009). Relationship between boys’ normative beliefs about aggression and their physical, verbal, and indirect aggressive behaviors. Adolescence, 44(175), 635–650.

MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Taylor & Francis Group/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Massarwi, A. A., & Khoury-Kassabri, M. (2017). Serious physical violence among Arab-Palestinian adolescents: The role of exposure to neighborhood violence, perceived ethnic discrimination, normative beliefs, and parental communication. Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.002CrossRef

Masyn, K. E. (2013). 25: Latent class analysis and finite mixture modeling. The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods, 2, 551–611.

McMahon, S. D., Felix, E. D., Halpert, J. A., & Petropoulos, L. A. N. (2009). Community violence exposure and aggression among urban adolescents: Testing a cognitive mediator model. Journal of Community Psychology, 37(7), 895–910. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20339CrossRef

McMahon, S. D., Todd, N. R., Martinez, A., Coker, C., Sheu, C.-F., Washburn, J., & Shah, S. (2013). Aggressive and prosocial behavior: Community violence, cognitive, and behavioral predictors among urban African American youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 51(3/4), 407–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-012-9560-4CrossRef

McDonald, S. E., Shin, S., Corona, R., Maternick, A., Graham-Bermann, S. A., Ascione, F. R., & Herbert Williams, J. (2016). Children exposed to intimate partner violence: Identifying differential effects of family environment on children’s trauma and psychopathology symptoms through regression mixture models. Child Abuse & Neglect, 58, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.010CrossRef

Mihalic, S. F., & Elliott, D. S. (2015). Evidence-based programs registry: Blueprints for healthy youth development. Evaluation and Program Planning, 48, 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.08.004CrossRef

Nash, J. K., & Kim, J. S. (2007). Patterns of change over time in beliefs legitimizing aggression in adolescents and young adults: Risk trajectories and their relationship with serious aggression. Social Work Research, 31(4), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/31.4.231CrossRef

*Ng-Mak, D. S. L. (2001). Normalization of violence among inner-city youth (Publication No. 9998198) [Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University]. ProQuest Information & Learning. https://search.proquest.com/docview/305173457?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true

Ng-Mak, D. S., Salzinger, S., Feldman, R., & Stueve, A. (2002). Normalization of violence among inner-city youth: A formulation for research. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.92CrossRef

Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.xCrossRef

Overstreet, S. (2000). Exposure to community violence: Defining the problem and understanding the consequences. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9(1), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009403530517CrossRef

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71CrossRef

Richards, M., Romero, E., Zakaryan, A., Carey, D., Deane, K., Quimby, D., Patel, N., & Burns, M. (2015). Assessing urban African American youths’ exposure to community violence through a daily sampling method. Psychology of Violence, 5, 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038115CrossRef

Rudolph, K. D. (2014). Puberty as a Developmental Context of Risk for Psychopathology. In M. Lewis & K. D. Rudolph (Eds.), Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 331–354). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_17CrossRef

Salzinger, S., Rosario, M., Feldman, R. S., & Ng-Mak, D. S. (2008). Aggressive behavior in response to violence exposure: Is it adaptive for middle-school children? Journal of Community Psychology, 36(8), 1008–1025. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20275CrossRef

Schwartz, D., & Proctor, L. J. (2000). Community violence exposure and children’s social adjustment in the school peer group: The mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 670–683. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.4.670CrossRef

Shahinfar, A., Kupersmidt, J. B., & Matza, L. S. (2001). The relation between exposure to violence and social information processing among incarcerated adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(1), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.110.1.136CrossRef

*Sybesma, C. K. (2009). Social cognitive mediators and moderators of the relation between experiences of community violence and adolescent outcomes (Publication No. 3324021) [Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green State University]. ProQuest Information & Learning.

Tolan, P. H., Gorman-Smith, D., & Henry, D. B. (2003). The developmental ecology of urban males’ youth violence. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 274–291. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.2.274CrossRef

Wadsworth, M. E., Ahlkvist, J. A., McDonald, A., & Tilghman-Osborne, E. M. (2018). Future directions in research and intervention with youths in poverty. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(6), 1023–1038. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1485108CrossRef

Titel: Beliefs About Aggression as Mediators of Relations Between Community Violence Exposure and Aggressive Behavior Among Adolescents: Review and Recommendations
Auteur: Sarah K. Pittman
Publicatiedatum: 26-10-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review / Uitgave 1/2023
Print ISSN: 1096-4037
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2827
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-022-00417-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2023

A Systematic Review of Parent–Child Communication Measures: Instruments and Their Psychometric Properties

A Balancing Act: A Systematic Review and Metasynthesis of Family-Focused Practice in Adult Mental Health Services

Psychosocial Interventions and Support Groups for Siblings of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review of Sibling Self-reported Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes

Interventions Involving Caregivers for Children and Adolescents Following Traumatic Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Conceptualizing the Role of Parent and Child Emotion Regulation in the Treatment of Early-Onset Behavior Disorders: Theory, Research, and Future Directions

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome) and Academic Functioning: A Systematic Review and Agenda for Future Research